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박병하,Park, Byung-Ha Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 1999 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.3 No.1
This paper describes a 1 GHz, low-phase-noise CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer with an integrated LC VCO. The proposed frequency synthesizer, which uses a high-order delta-sigma modulator to suppress the fractional spurious tones at all multiples of the fractional frequency resolution offset, has 64 programmable frequency channels with frequency resolution of $f_ref/64$. The measured phase noise is as low as -110 dBc/Hz at a 200 KHz offset frequency from a carrier frequency of 980 MHz. The reference sideband spurs are -73.5 dBc. The prototype is implemented in a $0.5{\mu}m$ CMOS process with triple metal layers. The active chip area is about $4mm^2$ and the prototype consumes 43 mW, including the VCO buffer power consumption, from a 3.3 V supply voltage.
건축설비 갱신사례를 통한 화석연료와 지열원의 LCC 비교
박병하,정근주,임영빈 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1
As known as, the GSHP(Ground Source Heat Pump) system is a kind of the renewable energy system that use the geothermal energies for heating and cooling in the building. In recently, many GSHP systems was installed in the building for reducing the Green House Gases and the energy cost. However, published studies of Life Cycle Costing on GSHP system were rare case. Therefore, this study aim is Life Cycle Cost comparison of the GSHP system with the conventional diesel boiler system and city gas boiler system through the renewal case of building mechanic equipment in the temperate region.(Case Building; Childcare Center, 2,199.20m2, 105RT GSHP, Seoul Korea) In this study, the initial cost of GSHP system is 2.4 times to the diesel boiler system, 2.1 times to the city gas boiler system. And the running cost of GSHP system is 84.1% lower than the diesel boiler system, 59.5% lower than the city gas boiler system. In conclusion, the LCC16 of the GSHP system is 63.0% lower than the diesel boiler system, 19.9% lower than the city gas boiler system.(This study used the Present Value Method. This study used the data which are the interest; 6.5%, the oil price escalation index; 15.13%, the city gas price escalation index; 10.56%, the electric price escalation index; 6.43%, the system's Life Cycle; 16years.)