서평:한국국학진흥원 연구사업팀 기획, 『모당일기-임진왜란 이후 대구 지역 사림의 형성과 삶의 모습』(은행나무, 2021)

박나연 대구사학회 2022 대구사학 Vol.147 No.-

간격 효과를 반영한 Deep Knowledge Tracing 기반 인공지능 모델 성능 개선 연구

박나연,이상민 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2022 멀티미디어 언어교육 Vol.25 No.4

In recent years, with the rapid development of technologies, utilization and adaptation of diverse technologies into education has drawn attention from many researchers and practitioners. Particularly, artificial intelligence and machine learning have great potential to provide tools such as customized adaptive and personalized learning for individual students, which can aid in providing high-quality learning experiences. With the joint advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence, Deep Knowledge Tracing (DKT) artificial intelligence models have been utilized in education. The key of DKT is to monitor and estimate students’ evolving knowledge state, accurately predict their future performance on future exercises, and ultimately maximize learning efficiency. The current study developed a DKT model with a new parameter, spacing effect, in order to increase the accuracy of the model. It also considered a sentence-level variable as well as word-level variable in spacing effect to further increase accuracy. The newly developed model, SEDKT, was tested using learner trace big data released by Duolingo. The results showed that the accuracy of SEDKT was 0.720 AUC (Areas Under the ROC Curve) and indicated that the accuracy increased compared to the previous DKT models. Based on the results, this study provided suggestions and directions for the future in this area.

LC-MS/MS를 이용한 콘돔에 함유된 니트로사민류 농도 분석

박나연,김성민,정웅,고영림 대한화학회 2018 대한화학회지 Vol.62 No.3

Nitrosamines are the nitrosocompounds which are produced by nitrosation reactions of the secondary amine and nitrite, and has been found to be produced through the vulcanization process during the production of rubber products Recently, nitrosamines have been detected in rubber products and become a major topic. Condoms are disposable medical devices, so safety is important because they come into direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes. In this study, we developed an analytical method for nitrosamines in condoms by applying ISO 29941 method. The samples were eluted by distilled water, and target compounds were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. And then after concentrated, and quantitatively analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The accuracies of the analytical method were ranged from 85.8 to 108.7%, precisions were lower than 11.5%, and the detection limits were from 0.11 (NDPA and NDBA) to 0.48 (NPYR) ng/mL. Among the 31 condom samples, NDBA was detected from 2 cases by extraction of distilled water, and NDMA were detected from 1 case, NDEA from 4 cases and NDBA from 26 cases by extraction of artificial saliva (pH 4.5). The total amount of nitrosamines in all samples were less than 500 μg/kg. 니트로사민류는 이차아민과 아질산이 니트로소화 반응을 통해 생성되는 화합물이며, 고무의 가공시 가황과정을 거치 면서 생성되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 최근 고무제품 중에서 니트로사민류가 검출되면서 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 콘돔은 인체에 삽입되 는 일회용 의료기기로써 피부 및 점막에 직접 접촉하므로 안전성이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 ISO 29941 방법을 준용 하여 콘돔 중 니트로사민류의 분석법을 개발하였다. 콘돔 시료를 증류수에 넣어 용출시키고, 용출액에서 분석대상 물질을 추출 하기 위해 디클로로메탄으로 액체-액체 추출을 실시하였으며, 농축 후 LC-MS/MS에서 정량분석하였다. 분석법의 정확도는 85.8~108.7%, 정밀도는 11.5% 이하, 검출한계는 0.11(NDPA, NDBA) ~ 0.48(NPYR) ng/mL이었다. 31건의 콘돔시료 중에서 증류 수 용출에 의해 검출된 물질은 NDBA 2건이었고, 인공타액(pH 4.5) 용출로 검출된 물질은 NDMA 1건, NDEA 4건, NDBA 26건 이었다. 니트로사민류의 총량은 모든 시료에서 500 μg/kg을 초과하지 않았다.

시판 세척제 및 헹굼보조제 중 메탄올 함량 모니터링

박나연,양희득,이정선,김정환,박세종,최재천,김미경,고영림 한국식품위생안전성학회 2019 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Methanol is a toxic alcohol used in various products such as antifreeze, detergent, disinfectant and industrial solvent. In the human body, methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde and formic acid, which can lead to metabolic acidosis, optic nerve impairment, and death. In this study, the methanol levels in detergents (n=191) and rinse aids (n=13) were analyzed by gas chromatography-headspace-mass spectrometry (GC-HS-MS). Limit of detection was 1.09 mg/kg, accuracy and precision were 91.1-97.9% and <10%, and it was suitable for quantitative analysis. This analysis method was simple and fast with a higher recovery rate than the conventional MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) method of diluting the sample in water and putting it in a headspace vial.

Four new records of family Diphyidae (Hydrozoa: Siphonophorae) in Korean waters

박나연,이원철 국립생물자원관 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.2

Siphonophores are unique, gelatinous zooplankton, which many individuals gather and live like one “Superorganism”. The role of individuals in the colony differs greatly depending on their morphological difference, making them more unique. In this study, we report four species belonging to Diphyidae Quoy and Gaimard, 1827 sampled from the South Sea and off Jeju Island, Korea. Two Chelophyes Totton, 1932 (C. appendiculata (Eschscholtz, 1829); C. contorta (Lens and van Riemsdijk, 1908)) and two Eudoxoides Huxley, 1859 (E. mitra (Huxley, 1859); E. spiralis (Bigelow, 1911)) species are described with multi-focus stacked digital images. Our findings update the confirmed order Siphonophorae Eschscholtz, 1829 in Korea to be three suborders, five families, eight genera, and 13 species. In addition, we summarize the synonyms and global distributions of these four newly recorded species in Korean waters.

질문 유도를 통해 유아의 창의적 사고를 증진하는 인터랙티브 동화 콘텐츠 컨셉 제안

박나연,최정민 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2023 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.22 No.4

Background : Early childhood is a period when creativity develops and questions increase, and the period between 3 and 6 years is also called the questioning period. Children at this age appear to ask a variety of questions, and it has been known that children's spontaneous questions are positive in many developmental aspects, such as children's creativity and problem-solving skills. Fairy tale content, one of the ways to help children's development, is expanding into various forms such as books, audiobooks, interactive books, and story-making content as technology develops and times pass. However, research is needed on interactive fairy tale content where children not only follow the story and receive given content, but also react with curiosity and create the story on their own. Accordingly, in this study, we will look into ways to encourage questions through fairy tales and propose an interactive fairy tale content concept that helps children ask their own questions. Methods : First, trends in children's interactive content and existing content cases were analyzed, and prior research in related fields was investigated. Next, through previous research on children's creativity and question induction, a question induction method that can be used in children's interactive content was derived. We have summarized design examples that can apply the derived question-leading method. Results : In this study, we aim to present the concept of fairy tale content in which children voluntarily lead the story with curiosity. To this end, through literature research, 'a 'role' that asks a lot of questions is needed.', 'Provide an environment that can stimulate children's curiosity.', 'Create an atmosphere that allows children to ask questions,' , the question-inducing method was derived as 'obtain information through questions and solve problem situations.' We divided fairy tales into three categories: fairy tale story, storyteller, and interactive media, and summarized design examples that can apply the question-inducing method to interactive content. Conclusion : The question-inducing method derived from this study can be used as a way to create interactive content to promote creativity through children's voluntary participation. We also expect that it will be helpful to design and education practitioners and designers who design interactive fairy tale products for young children.

세척제 잔류량 확인을 위한 계면활성제 분석법 확립

박나연,이소정,김정환,고영림,Park, Na-Youn,Lee, Sojeong,Kim, Jung Hoan,Kho, Younglim 대한화학회 2021 대한화학회지 Vol.65 No.6

계면활성제는 하나의 분자에 친수성 작용기와 소수성 부분이 동시에 존재하는 유기화합물로 수용액 상태에서 전하에 따라 비이온, 음이온, 양이온, 양쪽성 계면활성제로 분류된다. 1종 세척제(야채 및 과일 세척제)를 사용하여 야채나 과일을 세척할 때 극미량이 잔류하여 섭취를 통해 인체에 노출될 가능성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 세척제를 사용한 야채, 과일의 세척 후 세척제 잔류량 분석을 위해 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 계면활성제 5종 동시분석법을 확립하였다. 이동상으로는 50 mM 암모늄 포메이트와 0.1% 폼산이 함유된 증류수와 아세토니트릴을 사용하였으며, XBridge BEH C8 컬럼을 이용하여 경사용매조성법으로 분석하였다. 확립된 분석법의 정확도는 83.9~112.1% 이었고, 정밀도는 20% 이하로 정밀한 값을 보였다. 검출한계는 7.0(SLS)~29.0(SLES-N3) ㎍/L이었고, 검량선 회귀식의 상관계수(r²)은 0.99 이상으로 우수한 직선성을 보여주어 야채 및 과일에 잔류하는 미량의 계면활성제 성분의 분석에 적합한 것으로 판단된다. Surfactants are organic compounds that have both hydrophilic and non-polar parts in one molecule, classified as non-ion, anion, cation, and amphoteric surfactants according to the charge of hydrophilic parts in aqueous state. A trace amounts may remain when vegetables and fruits are washed using type1 detergent (Vegetable and fruit detergent), and there is a possibility of exposure to the human body through ingestion. This study developed the simultaneous analysis method for 5 surfactants with LC-MS/MS for analysis of detergent residues after washing vegetables and fruits with detergent. The mobile phase used distilled water and acetonitrile containing 50 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid and was analyzed using a gradient method using XBridge BEH C8 column. The accuracy of the established method was 83.9-112.1%, and the precision was less than 20%. The detection limit was 7.0 (SLS) to 29.0 (SLES-N3) ㎍/L, and the correlation coefficient (r²) of calibration line regression was greater than 0.99, it is considered suitable for the analysis of trace amounts of surfactant components remaining in vegetables and fruits.

국내 인공지능산업의 통계 현황 및 개선 방안

박나연 산업연구원 2023 월간 KIET 산업경제 Vol.- No.300

LC-MS/MS 시스템을 이용한 소변 중 N-니트로사민류 분석법 확립

박나연,정웅,고영림,Park, Na-Youn,Jung, Woong,Kho, Younglim 대한화학회 2017 대한화학회지 Vol.61 No.2

N-니트로사민은 이차 아민과 아질산이 산성조건 하에서 니트로소화 반응을 통해 생성되는 니트로소 화합물이다. 약 300여종이 존재하며, 그 중 90%가 동물실험을 통해 발암성이 있음이 확인되었다. 1987년 IARC에서 NDMA와 NDEA를 Group 2A로 지정하였고, NDPA, NDBA, NPYR, NPIP, NMOR을 Group 2B로 지정하였다. 본 연구에서는 N-니트로사민류의 생물학적 모니터링을 위하여 소변 중 N-니트로사민류의 분석법을 확립하였다. 소변시료는 고체상추출(Solid phase extraction, SPE)을 통하여 전처리 한 후, LC-(APCI)-MS/MS를 이용하여 정량분석 하였다. 확립된 분석법의 정확도는 85.8~110.2% 이었고, 정밀도는 1.1~10.5%로 나타났다. 검출한계는 0.0002 (NDBA) ~ 0.0793 (NDMA) ng/ml 이었고, 검량선 회귀식의 상관계수($r^2$)은 0.999 이상으로 우수한 직선성을 보여주었다. 실제 소변 중 N-니트로사민류의 평균 농도는 NDMA 2.645 mg/g creatinine, NDEA 0.067 mg/g creatinine, NMEA 0.009 mg/g creatinine, NDBA 0.011 mg/g creatinine, NPIP 0.271 mg/g creatinine, NPYR 0.413 mg/g creatinine 이고, NDPA와 NMOR은 검출되지 않았다. 추후 N-니트로사민류의 인체 노출량 평가 및 위해평가를 위한 기기분석방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. N-nitrosamines are the nitroso compounds which are produced by nitrosation reactions of the secondary amine and nitrite under acidic conditions. Approximately 300 species of N-nitrosamine have been tested for carcinogenicity in laboratory experiments, with 90% of them demonstrated carcinogenic effects different animal species, including higher primates. In 1978, IARC classified NDMA and NDEA as Group 2A, and NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR as Group 2B. In this study, we established pretreatment and analytical method for N-nitrosamines (NDMA, NDEA, NMEA, NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR) in human urine for biological monitoring of N-nitrosamines. The analytes were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE), then quantitative analysis was performed by LC-(APCI)-MS/MS. The accuracies of the established method were between 85.8~108.7% and precisions were lower than 20%. The limit of detection (LOD) were between 0.0002 (NDBA) and 0.0793 (NDMA) ng/ml. The linearity obtained was satisfying for the 8 N-nitrosamines, with a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) higher than 0.999. The mean concentrations of N-nitrosamines in the urine were 2.645 mg/g creatinine for NDMA, 0.067 mg/g creatinine for NDEA, 0.009 mg/g creatinine for NMEA, 0.011 mg/g creatinine for NDBA, 0.271 mg/g creatinine for NPIP and 0.413 mg/g creatinine for NPYR. NDPA and NMOR were not detected. It can be used as a instrumental methodology for evaluation and risk assessment of human exposure to N-nitrosamines for the further research.

GLDAS 자료를 활용한 천리안 일 증발산량 정확도 개선 및 검증

박나연,박준동,신진호,김옥희,이창석,이정환,장재동 한국기상학회 2016 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10