3D 프린터를 이용한 관악기 출력 연구

문호진 한국음악교육공학회 2014 음악교육공학 Vol.- No.18

본 연구는 최근 급속히 발전하고 있는 3D 프린팅 기법을 통해 상용화된 악기 연주가 아닌 악기를 직접 제작하거나 재현하는 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 널리 대중화 되어있는 open source 기반의 3D 프린터를 선택하고 이를 구동하기 위한 프로그램의 기본적인 사용법을 알아보고 인터넷에 공개되어 있는 악기 자료의 출력 법을 알아본다. 또한 존재하는 악기 구조를 방사선 단층촬영을 통해 취득하고 기존의 구조를 수정하여 악기를 출력하는 방법에 대해 제시할 계획이다. 컴퓨터의 가상공간 구조가 실존하는 기능을 갖는 악기로 구체화되는데 3D 프린터는 매우 간단하고 편리하며 저렴한 방법을 제공한다. 창의력 중심의 음악교육 지도에 있어 3D 적층조형기술은 손쉽게 악기를 조정하고 개선할 수 있는 방법이며 모든 계층이 음악을 능동적으로 누릴 수 있도록 보급할 수 있는 적정기술로서 충분하다. 본 출력 실험을 통해 대중문화에 점진적으로 영향력을 키워가고 있는 3D 프린터가 산업의 첨단에 있는 기술로 남아있기보다 ‘음악의 도구’로 자리잡아가도록 소개하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이라 하겠다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the availability of practical usage of the 3D printing for the wind instrument. 3D printing technologies enable music instruments to be produced from digital design data, or by scanning the shape of existing objects using cone-beam computed tomography. This article described the 3D printing process for the instrument and common 3D printing softwares currently in use. 3D printing will open doors for an era of creating and sharing of the music instrument. 3D printing also can be used as restoration of ancient instrument, therefore these areas needs to be studied in the future.

근관확대 및 세척 주사바늘의 근관 내 위치가 치근단 3 mm 부위의 근관 세정에 미치는 영향

문호진,홍찬의 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of irrigation in removing smear layer in the apical third of root canal system is dependent on the depth of placement of the irrigation needle into the root canal and the enlargement size of the canal. Materials and Methods: Eighty sound human lower incisors were divided into eight groups according to the enlargement size (#25, #30, #35 and #40) and the needle penetration depth (3 mm from working length, WL-3 mm and 9 mm from working length, WL-9 mm). Each canal was enlarged to working length with Profile.06 Rotary Ni-Ti files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Then, each canal received a final irrigation with 3 mL of 3% EDTA for 4 min, followed by 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl at different level (WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm) from working length. Each specimen was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs of the 3mm area from the apical constriction of each canal with a magnification of ×250, ×500, ×1,000, ×2,500 were taken for the final evaluation. Results: Removal of smear layer in WL-3 mm group showed a significantly different effect when the canal was enlarged to larger than #30. There was a significant difference in removing apical smear layer between the needle penetration depth of WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm. Conclusions: Removal of smear layer from the apical portion of root canals was effectively accomplished with apical instrumentation to #35/40 06 taper file and 3 mm needle penetration from the working length.

Immunogenicity of a Canine Parvovirus 2 Capsid Antigen (VP2-S1) surface-expressed on Lactobacillus casei

문호진,Mohammed Y. E. Chowdhury,김철중,신광순 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2013 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.14 No.2

Canine parvovirus (CPV2) is one of the most virulent virus causing acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. Infection mainly caused by the ingestion of virus through the mucosal route. Therefore, induction of mucosal immunity is essential in prevention of Canine Parvovirus (CPV2) infection. For safe and effective delivery of viral antigens to the mucosal immune system, a novel surface antigen display system for lactic acid bacteria using the poly-γ-glutamic acid synthetase A protein (pgsA) of Bacillus subtilis as an anchoring matrix was applied in order to display CPV2 antigen on the surface of the recombinant L. casei. Recombinant fusion proteins comprised of pgsA and the capsid protein (VP2-S1) showed stable expression in Lactobacillus casei. Surface localization of the fusion protein was verified by cellular fractionation analyses. Oral and nasal inoculations of recombinant L. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA, as demonstrated by ELISA using recombinant VP2-S1 proteins. Mice receiving intranasal immunization mounted higher antibody response than those receiving oral immunization. These results indicate that mucosal immunization with recombinant L. casei expressing CPV2 VP2-S1 protein on its surface provides an effective means for elicitation of strong antibody responses against CPV 2 VP2-S1.

관악기 연주가 유발할 수 있는 구강 안면 질환

문호진 한국음악교육공학회 2017 음악교육공학 Vol.- No.30

관악기는 앙부슈어를 취해 연주하므로 다른 악기들과 구분이 된다. 입 주위의 근육과 골격, 치아, 입술, 혀가 연주에 능동적으로 참여하는 것이다. 더불어 폐로부터의 호흡이 악기에 전달되고 두 손이 운지를 담당하므로 취주는 호흡과 앙부슈어, 운지를 완수하기 위한 근신경계의 능동적인 프로세스라고 정의할 수 있다. 악기 연습과 공연 연주가 이 복잡한 프로세스를 집중하므로 과하게 반복된 동작은 앙부슈어 관련 신체구조에 질환과 외상을 유발하기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 국내외 취주악기 연주자 질환 보고에 대한 리뷰(review)를 통해 관악 연주가 유발할 수 있는 치과 질환을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 심층적인 연구를 위해 1960년대부터 2016년 11월까지 50여 년 동안 동료검증(peer-review) 하에 이루어진 전문연주인들의 직업병 보고를 조사하였으며 부정교합, 치아질환, 측두하악장애, 근육질환, 피부질환으로 구분하고 검토하였다. 이러한 연주자 질환의 제(齊) 검토를 통해 발생 가능한 질환의 범주를 제시하고 연주자에게 지침을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 통해 공연연주의학 연구를 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있도록 하는 데에 본 종설의 의의가 있으며 나아가 치과의가 악기 연주가 유발할 수 있는 질환을 인식하고 능동적인 치료를 담당할 수 있을 것이다. Wind instruments are different from other musical instruments because they play with mouth. Perioral muscles, cranial bones, teeth, lips, and tongue participate in the performance. In addition, breathing from the lungs is transmitted to the musical instrument, and both hands are responsible for the fingertip, so the blowing can be defined as an active process of the neuromuscular system to accomplish breathing, embouchure and fingering. The purpose of this study is to describe the playing-related disorders among instrumental musicians by reviewing the papers on the disease published in between 1960 and 2016. We reviewed the disease reports of the wind instrument players and classified them into maloccusion, tooth problem, temporomandibular joint, orofacial muscle and skin. The review of these musculoskeletal disorders suggests the categories of diseases that can occur and makes it possible to utilize them as basic data for the study of performing art medicine. Based on this review, musicians should understand each disease and will be able to cope with the treatment.

악기 연주가 유발할 수 있는 임상 질환의 소개 및 분류

문호진 한국음악교육공학회 2012 음악교육공학 Vol.- No.15

Playing musical instruments require intensive mental and physical pressures in order to perform precisely. The complex, repetitive and forceful movements here may lead to various problems such as musculoskeletal pain, neuromuscular disorders, and orofacial problems. In addition, insufficient amount of rest can be a leading cause of pain, movement disorder, paralysis, or infection. The medical problems of musicians has have attracted a little attention as an object of clinical observation. Therefore, it is indispensable for musicians to understand the playing movements and the diseases closely related to it. The purpose of this study is to describe the playing-related disorders among instrumental musicians by reviewing the papers on the disease published in between 1990 and 2010. This study also analyzed the diseases related to musculoskeletal, pulmonary and dermatologic, and orofacial categories and their treatment options. Musicians need to comprehend these diseases and actively begin the proper treatments. 연주 활동은 일상의 신체 활동과는 다른 동작을 필요로 한다. 연주자는 오랜 시간 연주 자세를 유지하며 고난이도의 동작을 거듭한다. 실수없는 표현을 위한 정신적인 긴장과 더불어 지속적이며 반복적인 근골격계의 움직임으로 육체적인 피로가 누적된다. 연주자는 일반적으로 노출된 피로에 적응하고 회복하지만 회복 기회가 충분하지 않다면 증상은 통증과 운동 이상, 감각마비 또는 감염 등을 동반한 질환에 이르게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 연주인들이 겪고 있는 질환의 유병율을 인식하는 데에서 출발하여 국내외 연주자 질환 보고에 대한 리뷰(review)를 통해 기악 연주가 유발할 수 있는 질환을 의학 전반의 관점으로 고찰하는 것을 주목적으로 하였다. 심층적인 연구를 위해 1960년대부터 2012년 6월까지 50여 년 동안 동료검증(peer-review) 하에 이루어진 전문연주인들의 직업병 보고를 다양하게 수집하여 조사, 분석하였으며 근골격계 질환, 호흡기 질환, 피부 질환, 치아-구강 질환, 기타질환으로 구분하여 소개하였다. 이러한 연주자 질환의 제(齊)검토를 통해 발생 가능한 질환의 범주를 제시하고 이를 공연연주의학 연구를 위한 기초자료로서 활용할 수 있도록 하는 데에 본 종설의 의의가 있으며 이를 바탕으로 연주자는 각 질환을 이해하고 필요시 신속한 치료로서 대처할 수 있을 것이다.

Treatment after bleaching for optimal bonding

문호진 대한치과보존학회 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.2

Simvastatin inhibits osteoclast differentiation by scavenging reactive oxygen species

문호진,권일근,Sung Eun Kim,윤영필,황유식,방재범,박재홍 생화학분자생물학회 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.11

Osteoclasts, together with osteoblasts, control the amount of bone tissue and regulate bone remodeling. Osteoclast differentiation is an important factor related to the pathogenesis of bone-loss related diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) acts as a signal mediator in osteoclast differentiation. Simvastatin,which inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, is a hypolipidemic drug which is known to affect bone metabolism and suppresses osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In this study, we analyzed whether simvastatin can inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through suppression of the subsequently formed ROS and investigated whether simvastatin can inhibit H2O2-induced signaling pathways in osteoclast differentiation. We found that simvastatin decreased expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a genetic marker of osteoclast differentiation,and inhibited intracellular ROS generation in RAW 264.7 cell lines. ROS generation activated NF-κB, protein kinases B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways such as c-JUN N-terminal kinases,p38 MAP kinases as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Simvastatin was found to suppress these H2O2-induced signaling pathways in osteoclastogenesis. Together, these results indicate that simvastatin acts as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitor through suppression of ROS-mediated signaling pathways. This indicates that simvastatin has potential usefulness for osteoporosis and pathological bone resorption.

색소폰 연주자를 위한 앙부슈어 보조 도구의 제작

문호진 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.1

This study aims to introduce the method that can relieve vibrating forces to oral environment by making an embouchure aid. Thin plastic crown forms were fabricated to prevent tooth abrasion and irritation to lip mucosa for the saxophone player. After application to the player, the most comfort form was chosen and delivered to 3 professional saxophone players. After 5 mon, the players responded to the survey. This embouchure aid did not disturb playing and gave comfort to lower lip. In general, the players preferred thin soft type and thought it caused little effect on sound. Far too little attention has been paid to the problems encountered by single-reed wind instrumentalist who suffer from tooth abrasion and irritation to lip mucosa. The embouchure aid not only prevent tooth damage but also diminish the discomfort of tight embouchure.

관악기의 미생물 오염과 감염성 질환

문호진 한국음악교육공학회 2019 음악교육공학 Vol.0 No.38

관악기 연주 후 악기에 잔존하는 구강 상피 잔사, 음식물 입자와 타액은 미생물 서식에 좋은 환경을 제공한다. 이에 관악기의 위생 관리에 소홀할 경우 악기를 매개로 한 병원성 미생물의 전염에 대한 우려가 있다. 하지만 국내에 악기에 존재하는 감염균과 악기 위생 관리에 대한 연구, 조사는 극히 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국제 연구 문헌 검색을 통해 실험과 임상 진단이 이루어진 연구를 선별하였으며 이들 분석을 통해 관악기에서 확인되는 미생물을 열람하고 이와 관련하여 발생할 수 있는 질환에 대해서 고찰하였다. 취주 악기를 통한 감염 역학과 질병 사례에 대한 리뷰(review)를 통해 음악 교육 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 관악기 위생 관리 방안을 제시하였다. Oral epithelium, food debris, and saliva, which remains on instruments after performing wind instruments, provide a favorable environment for microbial survival. There is a concern about the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms via musical wind instruments. However, there is a lack of domestic research in South Korea. This study confirmed the presence of bacteria in wind instruments through international literature analysis. This study also reviewed diseases that were likely to spread through musical instruments. By compiling the previous details, guidelines for hygienic management of wind instruments were provided.

Effect of CQ-amine ratio on the degree of conversion in resin monomers with binary and ternary photoinitiation systems

문호진,신동훈 대한치과보존학회 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of camphorquinone (CQ)-amine ratio on the C=C double bond conversion of resins with binary and ternary photoinitiation systems. Materials and Methods: Two monomer mixtures (37.5 Bis-GMA/37.5 Bis-EMA/25 TEGDMA) with binary systems (CQ/DMAEMA in weight ratio, group A [0.5/1.0]and B [1.0/0.5]) and four mixtures with ternary system (CQ/OPPI/DMAEMA, group C [0.1/1.0/0.1], D [0.1/1.0/ 0.2], E [0.2/1.0/0.1] and F [0.2/1.0/0.2]) were tested:1 : 2 or 2 : 1 CQ-amine ratio in binary system, while 1 : 1 ratio was added in ternary system. The monomer mixture was cured for 5, 20, 40, and 300 sec with a Demetron 400 curing unit (Demetron). After each exposure time, degree of conversion (DC) was estimated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer (Nicolet 520, Nicolet Instrument Corp.). The results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Scheffe test, with p = 0.05 as the level of significance. Results: DC (%) was expressed in the order of curing time (5, 20, 40, and 300 sec). Group A (14.63 ± 10.42, 25.23 ± 6.32, 51.62 ±2.69, 68.52 ± 2.77); Group B (4.04 ± 6.23, 16.56 ± 3.38, 37.95 ± 2.79, 64.48 ± 1.21);Group C (16.87 ± 5.72, 55.47 ± 2.75, 60.83 ± 2.07, 68.32 ± 3.31); Group D (23.77 ± 1.64, 61.05 ± 1.82, 65.13 ± 2.09, 71.87 ± 1.17); Group E (28.66 ± 2.92, 56.68 ± 1.33, 60.66± 1.17, 68.78 ± 1.30); Group F (39.74 ± 6.31, 61.07 ± 2.58, 64.22 ± 2.29, 69.94 ± 2.15). Conclusion: All the monomers with ternary photoinitiation system showed higher DC than the ones with binary system, until 40 sec. Concerning about the effect of CQ-amine ratio on the DC, group A converted into polymer more than group B in binary system. However, there was no significant difference among groups with ternary system, except group C when cured for 5 sec only.