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Comparison of the age-related porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) expression using duplex RT-PCR
문형준,김혜권,Seong Jun Park,Chul Seung Lee,Dae Sub Song,Bo Kyu Kang,박봉균 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.4
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are members of family Retroviridae, genus Gamma retrovirus, and transmitted by both horizontally and vertically like other endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). PERV was initially described in the 1970s having inserted its gene in the host genome of different pig breeds, and three classes, PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C are known. The therapeutic use of living cells, tissues, and organs from animals called xenotransplantation might relieve the limited supply of allografts in the treatment of organ dysfunction. Because of ethical considerations, compatible organ sizes, and physiology, the pig has been regarded as an alternative source for xenotransplantation. Sensitive duplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocols for simultaneously detecting PERV gag mRNA and porcine glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in one tube was established. To compare the age-related PERV expression patterns of the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and pancreas in commercial pigs, 20 pigs from four age groups (5 heads each in 10 days-, 40 days-, 70 days-, and 110 days-old, respectively) were used in this study. The expression patterns of PERV were statistically different among age groups in lung, liver, and kidney (ANOVA, p < 0.05). These data may support in the selection of appropriate donor pigs expressing low levels of PERV mRNA.
폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트/폴리에틸렌 숙시네이트 블렌드의 에스테르 교환반응 시간에 따른 블록 특성의 변화
문형준,윤기종 한국섬유공학회 1999 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.36 No.2
Interchange reaction between poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene succinate) were effected by heat treatment above the melting temperatures. Based on $^1H-NMR$, DSC and X-ray analyses, the occurrence of interchange reaction to form P(ET/ES) copolymers were confirmed. Triad analysis of the $^1H-NMR$ spectra revealed that the average sequence lengths of copolymers decrease with heat treatment time down to 2~3. This suggests that, as interchange reaction proceeds, the physical mixture is changed to block copolymers and ultimately to random copolymers. Copolymers have a single $T_{g}$ and $T_{m}$ when heat treated for over 10 min at 28$0^{\circ}C$, regardless of the composition. As heat treatment time increases, the glass transition temperature increases and the melting temperature decreases with a simultaneous decrease in the enthalpy of melting. When samples of similar ET and ES composition are heat treated for extended periods no melting peaks can be observed, suggesting the crystallizability of the random copolymers is low. The wide angle X-ray diffraction pattern of P(ET/ES) copolymers were different from what might be expected from a mixture of PET and PES.
문형준,이현정,최재형,유병대,이정원 대한응급의학회 2013 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.24 No.1
Among members of the public, acupuncture has a reputation for being safe. Since 1965, many case reports of serious or even life-threatening incidents caused by acupuncture have been reported in the literature. A 55 year old male was admitted with complaints of abdominal pain after acupuncture therapy at an oriental medicine hospital. Abdominal Computerized Tomography (CT) scan showed a mass measuring 9.8 cm with active bleeding. Emergency operation was performed. He was diagnosed as ileocecal vein rupture following acupuncture. We report here on a case of an iliocecal vein rupture following acupuncture therapy and we review the relevant literature.
포스트아포칼립스적 민주주의: 영화 Zardoz와 민주주의의 역설
문형준 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.3
This essay tries to examine the relationship between democracy and political control under the regime of democracy by analyzing John Boorman’s post-apocalyptic film Zardoz. Frequently, democracy and political control support each other. Plato in the 5th century BC Athens and Tocqueville in the 19th century America, both the founding theorists of ancient and modern democratic theory, recognize this in their analysis of democracy. Equal condition of democratic society encourages its people to speak up their opinions; voices of people are so influential that they rule all the minority’s opinions. For Plato this leads to the regime of tyranny, while for Tocqueville this brings about the control of spirit by majority rule. The theme of equality that causes the oppression of minority opinions, which could be termed as ‘democratic paradox,’ can be found in Zardoz. In the futuristic world of Zardoz, where the transhuman elite (the Eternals) cut off itself from the brutal masses (the Brutals) by its utopian place, the abundant material life and the perfect democratic culture among the Eternals can only be possible not only by the harsh exploitation of the Brutals but also by the exclusion of the minorities among the Eternals. In general, the post-apocalyptic narrative depicts the future world where most of our present commonsensical beliefs such as democracy and human rights had gone missing. This essay argues that by reading seriously the post-apocalyptic narratives one could view the democratic values not as an everlasting truth but as a historical one that is sure to be changeable in a radically different condition of the dystopian future.
왜 포스트아포칼립스 소설은 인간을 살려두는가?: 인류세 시대 서사로서의 포스트아포칼립스 소설
문형준 영미문학연구회 2017 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.43
Now is the time when the post-apocalyptic novel —a literary genre that depicts a world where a series of catastrophic events demolished the existing human civilization —has become popular around the world. Acknowledging such a phenomenon, this paper primarily attempts to understand why post-apocalyptic novels have attained so much popularity, then to criticize some aspects in which post-apocalyptic novels are consumed, and finally to suggest a new perspective in approaching the genre by linking post-apocalyptic novel with our current ecological crisis. The post-apocalyptic novel should be viewed as a narrative genre that asks us to imagine a radically different world where conventional humanist values cannot be accepted as natural and common sense. The post-apocalyptic novel encourages us to re-imagine a different world, a changed value, and a post-human perspective.