SWAT2000 모형을 이용한 갑천수계의 소유역별 유출량 추정

문종필,김태철,Moon, Jong-Pil,Kim, Tai-Cheol 한국농공학회 2006 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.48 No.5

Geographic Information System has extended to higher assessment of water resources. GIS linking with hydrological model becomes a trend in water resource assessment modeling. One of the most popular models is SWAT2000 which have effectiveness in multi-purpose processes for predicting the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watershed with varying soils, land uses, and management conditions over long period of time. In this study, SWAT2000 model was applied to Gap stream watershed in Daejeon city where TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) Regulation would be implanted. The Gap Stream watershed was partitioned into 8 subbasins, however, only 3 out of 8 subbaisns were observed for having practical gauged data on the basis of streamflow from the year of 2002 to 2005. Gauged streamflow data of Indong, Boksu and Hoeduck stations were used for calibration and validation of the SWAT Streamflow simulation. Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis ($R^{2}$), Relative Error (R.E.) were used for comparing observed streamflow data of the 3 subbasins on the daily and monthly basis with estimated streamflow data in order to fix optimized parameters for the best fitted results. COE value for the daily and monthly streamflow was ranged from 0.45 to 0.96. $R^{2}$ values for daily and monthly streamflow ranged from 0.51 to 0.97. R.E. values for total streamflow volume ranged from 3 % to 22.5 %. The accuracy of the model results shows that the SWAT2000 model can be applicable to Korean watersheds like the Gap Stream watershed that needs to be partitioned into a number of subbasins for TMDL regulation.

충적대수층 계간축열 냉난방 시스템의 온실 난방 효과

문종필,강금춘,김형권,이태석,오성식,진병옥,Moon, Jong Pil,Kang, Geum Choon,Kim, Hyung Gweon,Lee, Tae Seok,Oh, Sung Sik,Jin, Byung Ok 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.59 No.6

In this study, a cold well and a warm one with the distance of 100 m were installed in the alluvial aquifer. Groundwater used as the heat and the cold source of heat pump was designed to flow into the warm and the cold well with a diameter of 200 mm. In order to increase the heat and cold storage in aquifer, six auxiliary wells with the diameter of 50 mm and the depth of 30 m were installed at an interval of 5 m from the main well. Also, heat pump 50 RT, the thermal tank $40m^3$, and a remote control and monitoring system were installed in three single-span greenhouses ($2,100m^2$) for growing tomato in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do. According to the aquifer heat storage test which had been conducted from Aug. 31 to Sep. 22, 2016, warm water of $850m^3$ was found to flow into warm well. The temperature of the injected water was $30^{\circ}C$ (intake temperature : $15^{\circ}C$), and the heat of 12.8 Gcal was stored. The greenhouse heating test in winter had been conducted from Nov. 21, 2016 to Apr. 30, 2017. On Nov. 21, 2016 when heating greenhouse started, the aquifer temperature of the warm well was $18.5^{\circ}C$. The COP for heating with water source at $18.5^{\circ}C$ was 3.8. The intake water temperature of warm well was gradually lowered to the temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ on Jan. 2, 2017 and the heat pump COP was measured to be 3.2 at that time. As a result, the heat pump COP was improved by 18 %. and retrieval heat was 8 Gcal, the retrieval rate of heat stored in aquifer was estimated at 63 %.

연질 PE관을 이용한 여름딸기 부분냉방기술 개발

문종필,강금춘,권진경,이수장,이종남,Moon, Jong Pil,Kang, Geum Choon,Kwon, Jin Kyung,Lee, Su Jang,Lee, Jong Nam 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.56 No.6

The effects of spot cooling on growing ever-bearing strawberry in hydroponic cultivation during summer by spot cooling system was estimated in plastic greenhouse located in Pyeongchang. The temperature of cooling water was controlled by heat pump and maintained at the range of $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. Cooling pipes were installed in root zone and very close to crown. Spot cooling effect was estimated by applying system in three cases which were cooling root zone, crown plus root zone, and crown only. White low density polyethylene pipe in nominal diameter of 16 mm was installed on crown spot, and Stainless steel flexible pipe in nominal diameter of 15A was installed in root zone. Crown and root zone cooling water circulation was continuously performed at flowrates of 300 ~ 600 L/hr all day long. Strawberry yields by test beds were surveyed from Aug. 1 to Sep. 30. The accumulated yield growth rate compared with a control bed of crown cooling bed was 25 % and that of crown plus root zone cooling bed was 25 % and that of root zone cooling bed was 20 %. The temperatures of root spot in root zone cooling was maintained at $18{\sim}23.0^{\circ}C$ and that of crown spot in crown cooling was maintained at $19{\sim}24^{\circ}C$. Also, the temperatures of root spot in crown plus root zone cooling bed was maintained at $17.0{\sim}22.0^{\circ}C$ and that of crown spot was maintained at $19{\sim}25^{\circ}C$.

GEOWEPP 모형을 이용한 고랭지 경사지밭 소유역의 토양유실 저감방안

문종필,김태철,이성현,권진경,이수장,임경재,Moon, Jong-Pil,Kim, Tai-Cheol,Lee, Sung-Hyoun,Kwon, Jin-Kyung,Lee, Su-Jang,Lim, Kyoung-Jae 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.6

This study was performed to suggest a soil loss reduction skill through estimating soil erosion from a small watershed including each type of sloping agriland by using GEOWEPP model. Experimental watershed at Gangwon province was selected for very typical sloping fields of highland agriculture in Alpine area. Runoff discharge and sediment load, hourly rainfall amount occurred during storm event were gauged, and weather data were obtained from Daegwallyeong meteorological station. The results of GEOWEPP model estimation showed that relative error values for total runoff discharge and sediment load were 3 %, -14.5 % respectively. Based on the result, soil erosion and waterway path map for each hillslope were made to select target hillslope. Several hillslopes of severe soil erosion were analyezed and then the optimal vegetative filter strip construction width and waterway path to plant grass were decided by using GEOWEPP Model.

강변여과수를 이용한 온실난방기술 개발

문종필,이성현,권진경,강연구,유영선,이수장,Moon, Jong-Pil,Lee, Sung-Hyoun,Kwon, Jin-Kyung,Kang, Youn-Ku,Ryou, Young-Sun,Lee, Su-Jang 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.53 No.6

In order to heat greenhouse nearby river channel, riverbank filtration water source heat pump was developed for getting plenty of heat flux from geothermal energy. Recharging well, thermal storage tank with separating insulation plate and filtering tank for eliminating iron, manganese were mainly developed for making the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump higher. Heating system using riverbank filtration water source heat pump was installed at a paprika greenhouse in the Jinju region where a single fold of vinyl cover and 2 layers of horizontal thermal curtain were installed as a part of temperature keeping and heat insulation with a greenhouse area of 3,185 $m^2$. 320,000 kcal/h was supplied for performing a site application tests. A greenhouse heating test was performed from Feb. 1, 2011 to Apr. 30, 2011. As the result of that, COPh of the heat pump was measured in the range of 4.0~4.5, while COPS of the system was represented as 2.9~3.3. COP measured of the heat pump was very good and well responded to indoor heating temperature of the environment control system of a greenhouse.

갑천유역의 영양염류 유달부하량 산정을 위한 SWAT2000 모형의 적용성 평가

문종필,김태철,Moon, Jong-Pil,Kim, Tai-Cheol 한국농공학회 2006 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.48 No.6

In order to estimate delivered nutrients load from non-point sources in the Gap stream watershed in Daejeon, a distributed watershed model SWAT2000 was used so that it could predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watersheds with varing soils, land uses and management condition over long period of time. The SWAT2000 was applied to the Daejeon (Indong), Yudeung (Boksu) and Gap (Hoeduck) streams for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) of nutrients. The observed water quality and streamflow data of the year of 2002 and 2003 were used for calibration, and those of the year 2004 and 2005 were used for validation. Simulated results were evaluated by Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis $(R^2)$ and Relative Error (R.E.) for the nutrients amounts on the monthly and yearly basis by comparing observed load with estimated load obtained by using SWAT2000 simulations. The COE value fur T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.78, $R^2$ values for T-N ranged from 0.65 to 0.84, and R.E values fur T-N load ranged from 4% to 20%. COE value far T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.73, $R^2$ values for T-P ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and R.E values for T-P load ranged from 3% to 25%. Estimated results of SWAT2000 simulation for 3 sites (Indong, Boksu, Hoedeok) were reasonably satisfactory. This study indicated that SWAT2000 model could be applicable to estimate the nutrients load from the Gap stream watershed in Korea.

적외선 열화상 분석을 통한 온실의 열손실 진단 및 평가

문종필,윤남규,이성현,김학주,이수장,김영화,Moon, Jong-Pil,Yun, Nam-Kyu,Lee, Sung-Hyoun,Kim, Hak-Joo,Lee, Su-Jang,Kim, Young-Hwa 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.2

Unlike Urban building, horticultural facilities has a lot of heat loss through plastic or glass covering material which could be much influential to growing plant and consuming energy for heating greenhouse. In many cases, heat loss from a break of cover, a gap of joint sealing, the entrance to greenhouse and windows for ventilation are the main factors considered in calculating the heating load for horticultural facilities. however the normal observation through human eye and digital camera could not recognize where the heat loss occurred. but the infrared thermal image camera with detecting thermal difference could be very effective for noticing heat loss by analyzing infrared thermal image. In this study, greenhouse structure, covering material, internal and external provisions for Horticultural facilities were surveyed in different sites and Infrared thermal camera shooting and image analysis were performed for auditing heat loss from cultivation facilities The results from this study were that unexpected heat loss had been noticed in 7 representative cases of greenhouse such as side wall covered with single or double plastic, and the joint of horizontal thermal curtain, roof without horizontal thermal curtain, entrance to greenhouse, windows for ventilation. the most important factors for keeping heat energy were whether the horizontal thermal curtain with multifold thermal material was installed or not. The internal or external covering using multifold thermal curtain proved to be the most effective ways to keep heat energy from losing through heat transmission, heat radiation. from inside to outside the horticultural facilities.

모바일 기반 온실 냉난방 부하 산정 프로그램 개발

문종필,방지웅,황정수,장재경,윤성욱,Moon, Jong Pil,Bang, Ji Woong,Hwang, Jeongsu,Jang, Jae Kyung,Yun, Sung Wook 한국생물환경조절학회 2021 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.30 No.4

모바일 기반 온실에너지 계산프로그램을 제작하기 위해 먼저 주요 단일 피복재 10종 및 보온재 16종에 대한 열관류율 측정하였다. 또한 피복 및 보온재를 이중 및 삼중으로 다층 설치할 때 열관류율 추정을 위하여 이중 설치시 24조합, 삼중설치 시 59조합에 대한 열관류율을 핫박스를 이용하여 측정하였다. 단일 피복재에서는 PE필름(0.08mm) 대비 PO필름(0.15mm)이 가장 열관류율이 가장 작고 열절감율이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단일 보온재에서는 열관류율에서는 외피가 있는 5겹의 다겹보온커튼이 가장 보온력이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 단일자재에 대한 열관류율 값과 열저항값을 이용한 피복 및 보온재의 다층설치시의 총 열관류율 값을 산정하였고 실측 값과의 오차를 보정하는 선형회귀식을 도출하였다. 단일재료의 열관류율값에 의한 피복 및 보온재의 다층설치시 열관류율 추정 모형을 개발한 결과 모형평가지수가 0.90(0.5 이상일 때 양호)으로 나타나 추정치가 실측치를 매우 잘 재현 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시험온실을 통한 실증시험결과 예측된 열절감율이 실측치보다 상대오차 2%로 작게 나타나는 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 기반으로 모바일 기반의 온실 에너지계산 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 HTML5 표준 웹 기반 모바일 웹 애플리케이션으로 구현하였으며 N-Screen 지원을 통해 다양한 모바일 장치 및 PC 브라우저에서 동작이 가능하게 제작되었다. 또한 온실 피복(12종) 및 보온재(16종)의 조합별 열관류율 및 난방부하계수를 제공하여 농민이 모바일로 온실 위치, 형태 및 피복·보온재 등을 반영한 최대 주야간 냉난방부하 및 기간 난방부하를 산정할 수 있다. 대상 온실의 에너지 소비량에 대한 평가가 가능하며 온실의 지역 및 형태에 따라 피복 및 보온재의 최적 선택으로 에너지 절감형 온실 설계가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. In order to develope a mobile-based greenhouse energy calculation program, firstly, the overall thermal transmittance of 10 types of major covers and 16 types of insulation materials were measured. In addition, to estimate the overall thermal transmittance when the cover and insulation materials were installed in double or triple layers, 24 combinations of double installations and 59 combinations of triple installations were measured using the hotbox. Also, the overall thermal transmittance value for a single material and the thermal resistance value were used to calculate the overall thermal transmittance value at the time of multi-layer installation of covering and insulating materials, and the linear regression equation was derived to correct the error with the measured values. As a result of developing the model for estimating thermal transmittance when installing multiple layers of coverings and insulating materials based on the value of overall thermal transmittance of a single-material, the model evaluation index was 0.90 (good when it is 0.5 or more), indicating that the estimated value was very close to the actual value. In addition, as a result of the on-site test, it was evaluated that the estimated heat saving rate was smaller than the actual value with a relative error of 2%. Based on these results, a mobile-based greenhouse energy calculation program was developed that was implemented as an HTML5 standard web-based mobile web application and was designed to work with various mobile device and PC browsers with N-Screen support. It had functions to provides the overall thermal transmittance(heating load coefficient) for each combination of greenhouse coverings and thermal insulation materials and to evaluate the energy consumption during a specific period of the target greenhouse. It was estimated that an energy-saving greenhouse design would be possible with the optimal selection of coverings and insulation materials according to the region and shape of the greenhouse.

제주지역 용천수 이용 히트펌프의 난방성능계수 분석

문종필 ( Jong-pil Moon ),박석호 ( Seok-ho Park ),강연구 ( Youn-koo Kang ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 여타 재생에너지가 빈약한 제주지역에서 미활용에너지인 용출수를 에너지원으로 사용함으로써 온실가스 배출 저감 및 난방에너지비용을 절감할 뿐만 아니라 미활용에너지 분야의 폭을 넓이고, 이를 확대 보급하고자 용출수(용천수) 이용 냉난방시스템(히트펌프시스템)을 온실에 설치하여 난방성능계수를 분석하였다. 용출수 이용 냉난방시스템은 열원을 용천수로 하는 일반적인 물 대 공기 히트펌프로, 제주특별자치도 서귀포시 월평동 소재 2,000㎡ 규모의 천혜향 재배 온실에 설치하였으며, 설치용량은 42 kW(12 RT)급 5대, 총 210 kW(60 RT)이다. 용천수 이용 냉난방 시스템의 난방성능계수를 측정하기 위하여 물(용천수) 입출구 온도, 공기 입출구 온도, 외기온도 등을 K Type thermocouple을 설치하여 측정하였으며, 이를 데이터로거(MV1000, Yokogawa, Japan)에 의해 수집되도록 하였다. 또한 소비전력은 전력량계(CW240, Yokogawa, Japan)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 난방성능은 42 kW(12 RT)급 5대 모두에 대하여 측정하기가 여의치 않았기 때문에 1대에 대하여 측정하여 이를 대표 난방성능계수로 고려하였으며, 온실을 난방하지 않은 상태, 즉 천창, 측창 등을 모두 개방된 상태에서 측정하였다. 이것은 외기에 대응한 용출수 이용 냉난방시스템의 난방성능을 측정하기 위함이다. 또한 난방성능은 2018년 12월과 2019년 1월의 하루를 선정하여 18:00에서 익일 8:00까지 측정하여, 비교하였다. 용출수를 열원으로 하는 냉난방시스템(히트펌프)의 2018년 12월 17일 18:00에서 익일 8:00까지의 난방성능계수는 용출수의 평균온도가 15.0°C, 평균 공기입구온도(평균 외기온도)가 8.4°C일 때, 최저 4.3에서 최대 4.9으로 나타났으며, 평균 난방성능계수는 4.6로 나타났다. 이때 평균 소비전력은 10.0 kW였으며, 평균 난방열량은 46.4 kW(39,904 kcal/h)이었다. 또한 같은 시간 용출수의 온도(물입구 온도, 열원의 온도)는 최저 14.6°C에서 최대 15.3°C로 나타나, 거의 안정적인 열원의 온도를 보여주었다. 또한 2019년 1월 24일의 경우도 평균 공기입구온도와 물입구 온도가 비슷하였기 때문에 평균 난방성능계수, 평균 소비전력, 평균 난방열량은 2018년 12월 17일과 거의 유사하였다. 본 실험에서는 혹한기라 할 수 있는 12월과 1월에도 용천수 이용 냉난방시스템의 성능계수가 상당히 좋은 편이며, 용천수의 온도 즉 히트펌프의 열원의 온도가 거의 변화가 없었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이는 제주지역 용천수가 히트펌프의 좋은 열원이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 것이라 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 3월 이후 개화기의 적극적인 온실난방을 실시하여 용천수 이용 냉난방시스템의 온실 난방 효과, 여름철 온실 냉방효과 등을 구명할 예정이다.

관개저수지의 최적 홍수관리방안

문종필 ( Moon Jong Pil ),민진우 ( Min Jin Woo ),김영식 ( Kim Young Sik ),박승기 ( Park Seung Ki ),김태철 ( Kim Tai Cheol ) 한국농공학회 1998 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.1998 No.-

Recently irrigation reservoir has been developed to perform multipurpose function. To get a maximum effect it requires to establish optimal management system for irrigation reservoir in drought and flood season. Especially we dealt with optimal flood control system for irrigation reservoir in this study. This system consists of real-time rainfall data via online system, real-time flood forecasted by SCS method in hourly basis, storage volume by water balance equation, optimal releasing discharge from the gate, the water level in right downstream, and calculation of innundated area, depth, and time using GIS, and amount of flood damages. If we consider the relation of these sub module reasonably, we can reach the optimal flood control to minimize flood damage.