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보육시설의 흥미영역 계획을 위한 한국과 미국 유아놀이의 유형과 집중시간 비교
장상옥(Jang Sang-Ock),로레인 맥스웰(Lorraine E. Maxwell) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity areas of day care centers, children's types of play and attention time between Korea and USA. Observation method was used for data collection. Eighty-three children, ages 38 to 62 months, were observed for five minutes, three times in total during an indoor free play period in Korea and USA in 2003 and 2004. The results of this study were as follows; the number and kinds of activity areas in Korean day care centers were fewer than USA, and the areas were also not physically well-defined. In cognitive play category, Korean children participated in more constructive play compared to American children who were involved in more functional, dramatic, and educational play. The cognitive play category became more diversified when the numbers of activity areas were increased. The play attention time of Korean children was shorter than American children's. In Korean day care center, as the floor space of the class increased, the play attention time was also increased. American children's play attention times were longer because the ratio of children to the number of activity areas in the classroom was lower. These findings suggest that when designing day care centers, the number and kinds activity areas in the classrooms should be increased.
외국어논문 : CrimeStat을 이용한 핫스팟 분석: 잠재적 위험요인인 인구를 대리하는 변수로서 물리적 무질서의 사용
크리스토퍼맥스웰 ( Christopher D. Maxwell ),정진성 ( Jin Seong Cheong ) 대한범죄학회 2010 한국범죄학 Vol.4 No.1
최근 지역사회 범죄예방에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 GIS와 지리적 통계기법을 활용한 공간분석이 관심을 끌고 있다. 특히 효과적이고 효율적인 경찰력 분배를 위한 적절한 대안으로서 각광받고 있는 것이 범죄핫스팟 분석인데 국내형사사법 분야에서는 실증적 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 도시학, 지리학, 건축학등 분야에서 이루어지고 있는 분석도 주로 범죄다발지역(high-volume area)을 찾는 기법에 국한되어 있는데 범죄의 원인이 되는 위험요인을 고려한 범죄고위험지역(high-risk area)을 찾아내는 기법이 학문적으로나 실질적으로 더욱 큰 의미를 가지고 있는바, 본 연구에서는 범죄다발지역을 찾기 위해 최근린계층군집(nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering) 기법을 적용하고 범죄고위험지역을 찾기 위해 위험도반영 최근린계층군집(risk-adjusted nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering) 기법을 적용했다. 깨진유리창 이론을 분석모형의 틀로 삼고 잠재적 위험요인을 대표하는 대리변수로서 물리적 무질서를 사용하여 북미 중서부지역의 중소도시를 대상으로 1998-2001년까지 4년간의 자료를 분석한 결과, 범죄다발지역과 범죄고위험지역에 많은 차이가 있었고 두 형태의 핫스팟이 해마다 변하는 것으로 드러났다. 비록 한국적 맥락에서 행해진 연구는 아니었지만 국내 형사사법 분야에 새롭고 유용한 공간분석 기 법을 소개함으로써 보다 많은 실증적 연구가 국내에서 행해지고 결과적으로 범죄예방을 위한 법집행 기관들의 노력이 좀 더 빛을 발할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. "As the interests in neighborhood crime prevention increase, so does the interests in GIS and geo-statistical techniques. In particular, hot spot analysis has been getting lots of attention as an adequate alternative for effective and efficient distribution of the police resources. Unfortunately, however, little scientific research has been performed in Korean Criminal Justice field. Moreover, most crime hot spot studies that have been carried out in the areas of Urban Studies, Geography, and Construction Engineering have been constrained to the technique of detecting high- volume area. In light of the fact that detecting high-risk area can have better implications both for theory and practice, this study attempted to apply Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering routine (NNH) to identify high-volume area and Risk-adjusted Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering routine (RNNH) to detect high-risk area. Based on the broken windows theory, this study adopted physical disorder as the proxy measure for underlying population at risk, especially for the analysis of RNNH. Four years of data from 1998-2001 of a mid-sized Midwestern city in North America were analyzed, and the results showed that there is much difference between high-volume areas and high-risk areas, and those crime hot spots tend to move year by year. Although this study was not performed in Korean contexts, it was expected that more future studies could utilize the NNH and RNNH to detect more exact crime hot spots, which further could help the crime prevention efforts of Korean law enforcement agencies.
입질사료가 조기이유 자돈의 이유후 성장능력에 미치는 영향
손광수,챨스맥스웰 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1
A study involving 144 pigs weaned at approximately 24 days of age was conducted to determine the effect of creep feeding on postweaning performance in early weaned pigs. Pigs from litters offered creep feed for one week prior to weaning and pigs from litters not offered creep feed were blocked by weight into two groups(heavy and light weight) and fed a common prestarter diet for the first two week period(Period 1) and a common starter diet from day 15 to 35 postweaning(Period 2). During week 1 and for Period 1, average daily gain was similar between heavy pigs from both the creep fed and non-creep fed groups but average daily gain of light weight pigs was greater in pigs previously fed creep feed. Average daily gain was similar for all pigs during week 2. During week 1 average daily feed intake was similar for heavy pigs and for light pigs between treatments. During week 1 and for Period 1, smaller pigs previously fed creep feed had improved feed efficiency when compared to those not offered creep, however, feed efficiency of heavy weight pigs was similar between the two groups. During Period 2 average daily gain and average daily feed intake of heavy pigs were improved in the creep fed group when compared to non-creep fed group. Feed efficiency during Period 2 was similar between the two treatment. This study suggests that creep feeding influences subsequent performance of early weaned pigs.