서양선교사 출판운동으로 본 조선후기와 일제초기의 상업출판과 언문의 위상

김마이클 열상고전연구회 2010 열상고전연구 Vol.31 No.-

There is little evidence that remains today of the vibrant commercial publishing of the late Chosŏn period. However, the various publication efforts of Western missionaries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries provide important insights into this otherwise little-understood area. The missionaries made every effort to have a clear understanding of the language and print culture of Korea, so that they could operate a profitable enterprise. Western missionaries learned through trial and error that the cash market in Chosŏn for printed books was considerable and that effective distribution could have an immense impact on book sales. The distribution of Christian literature reached levels that could only be found in few places around the world. The records left behind from their immense publishing efforts provides a rare glimpse into the scope of the late Chosŏn period and early colonial period print markets. The distribution of Christian texts can provide valuable regional data about where books could achieve the highest circulation. The ratio of Chinese character books versus vernacular books also provide important information about the reading abilities of Koreans at the time. Missionaries encountered considerable social prejudices against the vernacular script. Books published in the vernacular were associated with vulgar content in the minds of Korean readers in the late Chosŏn period, but the efforts of missionaries may have helped to systemize and elevate the perceived value of the native script. 조선말기에 활발하게 진행된 상업출판에 관한 사료는 오늘날 많이 남아있지 않다. 그러나 19세기 말과 20세기 초 서양 선교사들의 출판활동은 이렇듯 학계에서 주목을 많이 받지 못한 조선말기 방각본 사업에 관한 중요한 단서를 제공한다. 선교사들은 기독교 서적을 최대한 많이 팔기 위해서 조선인들이 사용하는 언어와 그들의 출판문화를 완벽히 이해를 하기 위해 많은 노력을 투자했다. 그들은 언문시장의 특징과 언문의 언어적 위상을 파악하고, 이를 통해 그들은 상상도 못한 만큼의 수익을 올릴 수 있었다. 결국 선교사들은 조선의 서적 수요 규모가 크고 서적의 보다 효율적인 유통은 수익을 올리는 결정적인 요인들이라는 것을 깨닫게 되었으며, 이들의 출판사업 정착과정의 실패와 성공은 더 나아가 조선의 상업출판시장의 범위와 성격에 대한 많은 정보를 제공한다. 기독교 서적의 유통은 서적들의 지역별 판매량과 어느 지역 판매량이 가장 높았는지에 대한 귀중한 자료가 되고, 한문서적과 언문서적의 비율은 당시 조선인들의 독서능력에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 오늘날까지 남아 있는 언문서적은 거의 없는데, 여러 요인 중에서도 언문에 대한 사회적 냉대가 가장 크게 작용했다. 언문으로 출간된 서적들의 내용은 저속하다는 인상이 깊이 뿌리를 내리고 있던 사회적 분위기였다. 결국 선교사들은 조선사회에 내제되어 있는 언문에 대한 편견을 완전히 깨지는 못했지만, 선교사들은 이러한 언문을 체계화하고 언문의 잠재력을 파악해서 그의 위상을 올리는데 상당한 영향을 끼쳤다고 볼 수 있다.

From the Age of Heroic Production to the Birth of Korean Literature : Capital Flows, Thransnational Media Markets, and Literary Production in the Colonial Period

김마이클 국제한국문학문화학회 2009 사이 Vol.6 No.-

1930년대에 활동했던 문학평론가와 작가들은 종종 조선 문학의 상태에 대한 절망의 심정과 위기감을 토로하곤 했다. 조선 문학작품의 재정적 토대는 빈약했고,전문작가들은 생활을 유지하는데 어려움을 겪었다. 독자들은 식민지 작가들의 문학작품에 대해 무관심한 듯 보였고, 조선 문학보다는 외국문학에 강한 선호감을나타내었다. 그러나 1930년대 후반에 이르자 식민지 조선의 문학생산은 전례가 없던 단계에 이르게 되었다. 전문작가들이 그들의 원고료로 생계를 유지하는 것이가능해졌으며, 작품의 양도 산업적인 규모로 늘어났다. 문화생산에 많은 양의 자본이 유입되었을 뿐만 아니라 전 일본제국에 걸친 초국가적 문학의 영역도 점차적으로 조선인이 참여할 수 있도록 개방되었다. 그러나 조선 문학 시장이 자본주의 수준의 생산량에 도달하자 1937년 발발한 태평양 전쟁이 출판업계에 전시 통제를 촉발시켰다. 식민지 후기에는 조선 작가들이 조선 문학을 일본 제국에 걸쳐 거주하던 독자층을 대상으로 하여 일본어로 쓰여진 국민 문학으로 재구성하기 시작하였다. 식민지 후기는 급격하게 확장되는 초국가적 미디어 시장에서 조선 문학이 무엇이고 작가의 역할이 무엇인지에 대한 근본적인 문제를 제기한다. 식민지 작가들이 그들 자신과 작품을 어떻게 인식했는지 검토함으로써 식민지 후기에 문학작품들의 변화하는 본질에 대한 이해를 도울 수 있을 것이다.

영웅적 생산시대로부터 조선문학의 탄생까지 : 식민지 시기의 자본의 유입, 트랜스내셔널 미디어 시장, 그리고 문학생산

마이클김 한국현대문학회 2009 한국현대문학회 학술발표회자료집 Vol.2009 No.3

The Discursive Foundations of the South Korean Developmental State: Sasanggye and the Reception of Modernization Theory

김마이클 한국학술연구원 2007 Korea Observer Vol.38 No.3

Numerous journal and newspapers served as an important conduit for the introduction of modernization theory to Korea. This study considers the impact of modernization theory in postwar South Korean intellectual history through an examination of a major journal Sasanggye (1953-1970). Even though Sasanggye was a vocal critic of authoritarian rule, the journal often expressed ideas about development that were highly compatible with the emergence of an interventionist developmental state. By exploring the potential links between the spread of modernization theory and the emergence of an intellectual consensus on the need for state-led industrialization, this study attempts to provide a broader understanding of postwar Korean intellectual history.

Collective Memory and Commemorative Space: Reflections on Korean Modernity and the Kyŏngbok Palace Reconstruction 1865-2010

김마이클 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2010 International Area Studies Review Vol.13 No.4

The Kyŏngbok Palace has been the site of continual reconstruction ever since the Taewŏn’gun’s efforts in 1865 to the recent unveiling of the new Kwanghwamun in August 2010. No other location in Seoul has undergone so much intense reconstruction efforts at such a prohibitive cost. This study examines the 150 year history of this reconstruction effort and focuses on two key themes that have not been fully examined in previous works on this topic. The first is the interplay between the palace grounds and Korea’s encounter with modernity. Korea’s modern transformation has reconfigured this site multiple times, and there is a need to explore the multiple ways that modernity has imparted visual symbolic significance to this location. The second is the intensity of public debate over this urban site, which heralds the gradual historical emergence of a public culture of commemorations. From this perspective, the palace reconstruction can reveal far more than an effort to display Korean nationalism and past traditions. For the site can offer some important insights into the development of modern Korea’s civil society and public culture.

세계사의 흐름 속에 성장한 북미지역의 한국사와 한국사학계의 교차점

김마이클 한국역사연구회 2015 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.95

The Politics of Officially Recognizing Religions and the Expansion of Urban ‘‘Social Work’’ in Colonial Korea

김마이클 서강대학교 종교연구소 2016 Journal of Korean Religions Vol.7 No.2

Western missionaries arrived in Korea decades before the Japanese annexation of 1910, and they established a major presence before the advent of colonial rule. The missionaries initially clashed with the colonial state over state intervention in their religious affairs. Through a series of confrontations, the missionaries eventually gained key concessions which allowed them to expand their presence in Korea, especially in the cities of Pyongyang and Seoul. The reasons why Christian organizations flourished under Japanese colonial rule are often attributed to their nationalist reputation gained through the March First Movement, but this line of analysis tends to provide an incomplete picture. Through a careful examination of the process by which the Western missionaries became institutionalized in the colonial order through the pursuit of education, medicine, and other forms of ‘‘social work,’’ we may better understand the dynamics between state and religion in colonial Korea

The Lost Memories of Empire and the Korean Return from Manchuria, 1945-1950: Conceptualizing Manchuria in Moden Korean History

김마이클 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2010 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.23 No.2

Manchuria remains a problematic region in modern Korean historiography. The intense interactions between the Korean peninsula and Manchuria before 1945 often become subsumed into nationalist narratives of anti-Japanese resistance and the suffering of impoverished Korean migrants. While recent Korean historiography on Manchuria has addressed a broader array of historical issues, there is still much more research necessary to understand fully the position of Manchuria in modern Korean history. This study examines the postliberation narratives of Korean returnees from Manchuria during the immediate liberation period and reconnects their collective experiences with some key events of Korea and Manchuria under the Japanese empire. Through a discussion of the large scale Korean migration and economic integration that took place within Manchuria before 1945, the need for a broader historical paradigm becomes apparent. Colonial era historians developed their own historiographical models to explain the interconnections between the two regions. While the colonial historiography need not be rehabilitated for such purposes, there is still a need to conceptualize Manchuria and Korea from a transnational historical framework that can better elucidate the deep interconnections between the two regions before 1945.

The Japanese Empire’s Colonial Project -New Approaches to the Colonization of Korea-

김마이클 국제한국문학문화학회 2015 사이 Vol.18 No.-

Despite the numerous empirical studies on colonial Korea many fundamental questions about Japanese colonialism require further examination. A new approach to understanding Japan’s colonial project is needed to overcome the limits of the colonial exploitation and colonial modernity thesis. A survey of recent works in colonial studies published in the English language can provide some fresh perspectives in this regard. Many of the recent studies on colonial Korea fully engage the historiography of modern Japanese history and provide important theoretical approaches into the questions of historical structure and agency. While not without their limitations, the results provide more complex understanding of the Japanese colonizers and the ambiguities of colonial rule. The arriving at a more comprehensive approach to colonial Korea will require considerable more effort, but the foundations for such an endeavor have finally emerged in the recent English language studies.

rhBMP-2를 이용한 조직공학;치과 임프란트에서의 골 재건

울프비케쇼,올리버하니쉬,마이클데니쉬마이어,조규성,김종관,Wikesj, Ulf ME.,Hanisch, Oliver,Danesh-Meyer, Michael J.,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Kim, Chong-Kwan 대한치주과학회 1999 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.29 No.3

The preclinical and clinical studies reviewed herein show that rhBMP-2 induces normal physiologic bone in relevant defects in the craniofacial skeleton. The newly formed bone assumes characteristics of the adjacent resident bone, and allows placement and osseointegration of dental implants. Clearly, the bone inducing capacity of rhBMP-2 is carrier and site dependent. rhBMP-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier induces relevant bone formation in space providing defects. Space providing carries extends this possibility to non-space providing sites. Notably, some ceramic and polymeric biomaterials may substantially interfere with rhBMP-2 induced osteogenesis.