1-Arylpyrrole Imine의 가수분해 반응의 속도론적 연구

류학수,채희주,Hak-Soo Lyu,Hee-Ju Chae 대한화학회 1983 대한화학회지 Vol.27 No.2

일련의 1-aryl-2-pyrrylideneaniline (3)을 합성하여 20% MeOH용액에서 산촉매에 의한 가수분해 반응을 속도론적으로 연구하였다. 화합물 3a-h의 가수분해 반응에 대한 치환기의 효과는 비록 적었지만 치환기가 전자끄는기 일수록 가수분해 반응속도는 증가하며 $log k_{obs}$를 Hammett ${\sigma}$상수에 대하여 도시한 결과 직선관계를 나타냄으로써 치환기가 pyrrole 화합물의 방향성에 상당한 관계를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 그 직선의 기울기로부터 구해낸 ${\rho}$값이 양의 값을 갖는 사실은 imine의 가수분해 반응 메카니즘고 일치하는 것으로, pH 4에서 8사이의 완충용액에서 imine의 가수분해 반응의 속도결정 단계는 양성자가 첨가된 imine에 물분자가 공격하는 것이고, 반면에 pH 8이상의 영역에서는 free imine에 물분자가 공격하는 것이 속도결정 단계가 된다. 이는 치환기가 반응속도에 미치는 영향과도 일치하는 값이다. The kinetics of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of 1-aryl-2-pyrrylideneaniline (3) have been studied in 20% MeOH solution using UV spectrophotometer. Substituents in 3 showed a relatively small effect, with hydrolysis facilitated by electron withdrawing group. By obtaing linear plots of $log k_{obs}$ against Hammett ${\sigma}$ constants, it was able to show that substituents had a considerable contribution to the aromaticity of pyrrole compounds. The small positive ${\rho}$ values were consistent with the rate-determining addition of water to the protonated schiff base in the buffer solution of pH 4 to 8, whereas the addition of water to the free imine seemed to be the rate-determining in the solution of acidities greater than pH 8.

소비자의 성격유형에 따른 공정성ㆍ자발적 행위 차이에 관한 연구

류학수,이인구 동중앙아시아경상학회 2004 동중앙아시아연구 Vol.14 No.-

The study offers the understanding on how consumer evaluates the corporation's effort to deal with consumer's dissatisfaction by the type of consumer's character. Indeed, it suggests that the corporation's treatment of dissatisfaction can influence on consumer's spontaneous intention of behavior afterwards. Summarized results of the study are as follows: When examined the three fairnesses effected by character type, the Type of Emotional Thinking was more effective relatively on distributional fairness than other types, while the Type of Intuitional Thinking was more effective relatively on proceeding fairness. Unexpectedly, however, the fact that interactive fareness might be more effective relatively than other types was not found, which means the way how the public agent of anorganization may deal with them is critical in every type of character. It suggests that it is necessary for corporation to seriously consider the consumer-treating method and communication during it solves problems. Therefore, the corporation should focus on the way to develop the training method on staff who contact with consumer and make use of them practically, and in terms of interactive fareness, it is necessary to arrange the corporative resources. When examined the consumer's spontaneous behavior effected by character type, there was no significant difference in repurchase (F=0.434) at 5% of significance level. repurchase means the reliance between organization and consumer. Because it is not a type of character but a kind of emotion everybody feels internally, there may existslight difference in expression, but it is hard to show the difference of intention of re-purchase. It is certain that each individual does not express his/her feeling after controlling it, but transfers his/her mind as felt. However, as for the result of analysis on the relation between type of character and customer's spontaneous participation, there was a significant difference in proposal (F=7.424) at 0.1% of significance level. The average of Type of Sensitive Emotion was 3.7831, the highest participation, which means the consumers of the Type has more interested in surroundings and more active than other people of types.

인터넷 쇼핑몰의 이용만족과 재구매의도에 관한 연구

류학수,황대용,이종환,강경하 한국지역사회생활과학회 2004 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

This study examined how product characteristics and system characteristics have affected user's economic, psychological and operating satisfaction and intention of repurchase in Internet shopping malls. The results of the study were as follows: First, it showed that product characteristics and user satisfaction have significant differences; the ability to recognize economic and psychological user satisfaction differs according to the characteristics of the product. It also showed that the degree of psychological and operating user satisfaction varies according to the convenience of order and payment as well as the convenience of the system and customer service. Second, it was found that economic, psychological and operational user satisfaction had an effect on customer's intention to repurchase. This study, focusing on particular variants of on-line shopping, found that characteristics of product and system had a great impact on user satisfaction and intention to repurchase. For the firms who run internet shopping malls, therefore more attention should be directed to the convenience of products and system problems in their services since it is so easy for customers to move to another shopping site with a simple click. The result of such an investigation may lead customers to repurchase by increasing their satisfaction with the shopping services.

농업인 복지정책 요구도 분석

류학수(Ryoo Hak Soo),조영숙(Cho Young Sook) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2005 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

인터넷 쇼핑몰의 이용만족과 재구매의도에 관한 연구

류학수(Ryoo Hak Soo),황대용(Hwang Dae Yong),이종환(Lee Jong Hwan),강경하(Kang Kyenog Ha) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2004 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

새로운 合成法에 依한 1, 1-Difluoro-2, 2-dichloroethyl flurosulfonate의 構造決定

柳鶴洙 연세대학교 대학원 1967 延世論叢 Vol.5 No.1

Fluoro ethyl fluoro sulfonate is synthesized, by unknown method, addition of fluorosulfonic acid to fluoro-olefin, and its structural analysis has been by I.R. and proton N.M.R. spectrograph. As the results, new synthetic process of fluoro ethyl fluoro sulfonate is propossed and coupling constant of this compound is calculated.

Substituent Effects on the Basicities of Azoxy-Compounds

한치선,류학수,Chi Sun Hahn,Hak Soo Lyu Korean Chemical Society 1963 대한화학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The basicities of 16 substituted azoxybenzenes have been measured by U.V. spectrophotometric method. The effects of substituents on the basicities are discussed in terms of Hammett's equation. The reaction constants, ${\rho}^X_Y$ and ${\rho}^Y_X$ , in a modified equation, log $K_{XY}/K_{\infty}={\sigma}_X{\rho}^Y_X+{\sigma}_Y{\rho}^X_Y$, are $2.46{\pm}0.12$ and $2.25{\pm}0.26$ respectively. The validity of the equation is analysed by a statistical method, and the structure of the conjugate acid of the substituted azoxybenzenes is proposed.

인터넷 쇼핑몰 유형에 따른 소비자 기대-성과에 관한 연구

이인구,류학수 한국산학경영학회 2004 산학경영연구 Vol.17 No.2

인터넷 쇼핑몰의 수는 2004년 2월 현재 3,415개이며, 이는 2003년 동월대비 333개가 늘어난 것으로 10.8%의 증가를 보여주고 있다. 그러나 많은 기업들이 수익성 부족으로 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 이는 전자상거래를 이용하는 소비자들에 대한 연구와 조사 분석이 부족했음을 뜻한다. 지금과 같이 고객에 대한 체계적인 연구가 없이 개인적인 감각이나 세태의 추세에 의존하여 무분별하게 점포를 개설할 경우에 적자의 가능성은 더욱 높아질 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 전자상거래의 한 영역인 기업-소비자간 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 중심으로 소비자의 기대-성과에 대한 차이를 보고자 하였다. 이에 따른 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인터넷 쇼핑몰 유형에 따른 고객만족요인의 유의적인 차이를 알아본 결과, 소비자 불안·인터넷 유용성만 쇼핑몰 유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 고객서비스는 인터넷 쇼핑몰 유형에 따른 기대-성과 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 소비자들은 소비자 불안에 대해 쇼핑몰의 유형에 상관없이 성과보다 기대가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, 기대-성과 차이에 있어서 종합형과 전문점에서는 개인정보유출이 가장 큰 차이를 보여주고 있는 반면에 중개형의 기능불안은 기대-성과차이가 가장 적은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 인터넷 유용성에 있어서 기대-성과 차이를 알아본 결과, 전문형에서는 제품 정보 풍부, 정보 탐색비용 절감성이 가장 큰 차이를 나타내고 있는 반면에 중개형은 정보탐색 비용의 절감성이 가장 적은 차이를 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 고객서비스, 인터넷 유용성, 소비자 불안과 고객만족과의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 고객 서비스, 인터넷 유용성, 소비자 불안은 모두 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 고객만족과 구전의도, 재구매 의도에 대한 관련성을 알아본 결과 고객만족은 구전의도, 재구매 의도에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. To create and maintain comparative supremacy as a strategic tool of business, many organizations have introduced informational technology and system. By using this system, Some companies got a beneficial value for achieving organizational goals but others could not obtain their effectiveness and efficiency. In particular, a lot of organizations that tried to make strategic supremacy with e-commercial trade are under hard condition because of poor profit. It implies that it is essential to identify and analyse the consumer who uses e-commercial trade. This paper, therefore, focusing on internet shopping malls between business and consumer as one of areas of e-commercial trades, shows the difference between consumer expectation and performance. The results of this study are as follows: First, as for the significant difference of influencing factors to consumer satisfactions according to the types of internet shopping malls, there is a meaningful difference in consumer anxiety and internet usefulness, but not in consumer service. Prior to verify the differences in detail on consumer's anxiety and internet usefulness, we examined that there is any difference between expectation and performance. T-test was used for the variants of consumer anxiety and internet usefulness, and its meaningful probability was 0.000, which means that both showed statistically significant difference. Based on the results, we also found that regardless of the types of internet shopping malls, consumer expectation was greater than performance. although the difference between expectation and performance was not equal according to the internet shopping malls. Second, a regression analysis was performed to understand the relation between consumer service, internet usefulness, consumer anxiety, and consumer satisfaction, it was found that consumer service, internet usefulness, consumer anxiety had significantly effected on consumer satisfaction. Third, To verify the relation between consumer satisfaction and repurchase-intentions, intentions to spread out, Pearson correlation analysis was used. it was found that consumer satisfaction had positive effect on both intentions. This study has some limitations because of the shorts of money and time. since the sample of this study was consumers who have ever bought one or more products via internet shopping mall, this sample was appropriate. but the major parts of sample were college students, and the sample size was so small. therefore this results should carefully be generalized. For further study, it is required to select more precise samples and to include more variables.

소비자의 성격유형에 따른 공정성 인식 차이에 관한 연구

이광주,류학수 한국고객만족경영학회 2004 고객만족경영연구 Vol.6 No.1

It was analysed that there is a positive relation between the justice and spontaneous behavior of customer. In particular, interactional justice of the three showed the most correlation as its values of 0.463 and 0.315 with preference and participation, respectively. More precise results are: First, as for the relation between distribution justice and preference, the value of correlation of "With my appeal, I received the compensation as I desired from the organization" of variants in distribution justice and preference was 0.329, the height value. Second, as for the relation between procedural justice and preference, the value of correlation of "The staff in charge of the organization made effort on arrangement of the problem-solving order to fit with my need" of variants in procedural justice and preference was 0.320, the height value. Third, as for the relation between interactional justice and preference, the value of correlation of "The staff in charge of the organization tended to solve the problem as the same with the original promise" of variants in interactional justice and preference was 0.490, the height value. Fourth, as for the relation between distribution justice and participation reference, variant in distribution justice and participation was similar. Fifth, as for the relation between procedural justice and participation reference, "It was easy for me to see how I should appeal my unsatisfaction to whom of the organization to solve it" of variants in procedural justice and participation was 0.256, the height value. Sixth, as for the relation between interactional justice and participation reference, "I knew the staff in charge of the organization made great effort to solve the problem of mine" of variants in interactional justice and participation was 0.307, the height value. 본 연구에서는 개인의 심리유형을 포괄적으로 그리고 비교적 명확하게 구분 지울 수 있는 지표로서 심리상담에서 널리 활용하는 MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indication)를 사용하여, 성격유형에 따라 기업의 고객 불평처리 노력을 고객이 어떻게 평가하며, 나아가 이러한 평 가를 바탕으로 사후 고객의 자발적 행동 의도에 영향이 존재함을 제시하였다. 세 가지 공정 성에 미친 영향을 성격유형별로 살펴본 결과, 감각적 사고형(-ST-)의 경우 다른 성격유형 보다 분배적 공정성에 상대적으로 강한 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 직관적 사고 형(-NT-)의 경우는 절차적 공정성의 영향이 상대적으로 영향력이 크게 나타났다. 그러나 상호작용적 공정성에 대해서는 예상과 달리 어떠한 성격유형이 상대적으로 강한 영향력을 미친다는 사실을 밝혀내지 못했다. 고객의 자발적 행위에 미친 영향을 성격유형별로 살펴본 결과, F=0.434로서 유의수준 5% 에서 성격유형별로 고객의 자발적 행위(애호도)는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 성 격유형과 참여의 관계에 대한 분석 결과를 보면, F=7.424로서 유의수준 0.1%에서 성격유형 별로 고객의 자발적 행위(참여)에는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 평균을 보면, 감각적 감 정형(-SF-)이 3.7831로 참여가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공정성과 고객의 자발적 행위간 의 관계는 모두 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

인터넷 전자상거래시 소비자 구매행위에 관한 연구

김인구,류학수 長安大學 2003 長安論叢 Vol.23 No.1