《老乞大》中语气词“裏”的演变

도현정 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2022 외국학연구 Vol.- No.62

This paper analyzes the language mood of example sentences including the language mood particle ‘li(裏)’, which appears in the five kinds of 《Laoqida(老乞大)》, and examines the changes. In 《Laoqida》, there are language mood particles ‘li(裏)’ and ‘li(哩)’, and ‘li(裏)’ has the highest frequency of appearance in 《yuanlao(原老)》, and maintained its frequency in 《fanlao(翻老)》 and 《laoyan(老谚)》, but disappeared in 《laoxin(老新)》. ‘li(哩)’ appeared in 《laoxin》, and its use continued until 《chonglao(重老)》. According to the language mood and its appearance position, the study divided it into the end of the statement, the end of the interrogative, the end of the exclamation, and the middle of the sentence. Based on this classification, the study examined the changes in the five kinds of 《Laoqida》. The change pattern that showed the highest frequency of appearance in the five kinds of 《Laoqida》 was ‘‘li(裏)’ →‘li(裏)’ →‘li(裏)’ → omission→ omission’, and the language mood particle ‘li(裏)’ showed a pattern of omission. In addition, we confirmed an example sentence in which ‘li(裏)’ does not change to ‘li(哩)’ in 《yuanlao》, but changes directly to ‘ne(呢)’ in 《laoxin》. Even if ‘ne(呢)’ appears in 《laoxin》, ‘ne(呢)’ in 《laoxin》 and 《chonglao》 does not seem to have a correlation with ‘li(裏)’ in 《yuanlao》 because it was replaced or omitted by ‘le(了)’ in the 《chonglao》. This paper believes that the cause of the change is the development of the language mood particle ‘le(了)’, the use of other language mood elements, omission due to economy of language, and the change in the process of returning to the original form of the Chinese language from the influence of Mongolian language.

『노걸대(老乞大)』에 나타나는 명령(祈使) 어기의 ‘者’ 변화 양상 고찰

도현정 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2022 외국학연구 Vol.- No.60

This study classified the sub-meanings of ‘zhe(者)’, a word of imperative mood in 『yuanlao』, into command, suggestion, blessing, discouragement, request, and exhort by analyzing 72 example sentences, and also observed the patterns of change shown in 『yuanlao』, 『fanlao』, 『laoyan』, 『laoxin』, and 『chonglao』 based on the aforementioned 6 sub-meanings. As a result of classifying the types of change of the 6 sub-meanings, there were 12 kinds for command, 8 kinds for suggestion, 3 kinds for bleesing, 1 kind for discouragement, 3 kinds for request, and 1 kind for exhort. According to the overall statistics, the change that accounted for the largest number of changes of ‘zhe(者)’, a word of imperative mood, was when ‘zhe(者)’ was replaced by ‘zhe(着)’ and then omitted. The second was when ‘zhe(者)’ was replaced with ‘zhe(着)’ and then replaced with ‘ba(罷)’, and the third was when ‘zhe(者)’ was replaced by ‘zhe(着)’ and then continued to maintain its form. Through this, it was seen that ‘zhe(者)’ in『yuanlao』changed its form to ‘zhe(着)’ in 『fanlao』and『laoyan』, and then it was divided into three major branches such as the maintenance, omission and appearance of ‘ba(罷)’ in 『laoxin』 and 『chonglao』. Semantically, it was identified that after ‘zhe(者)’ of『yuanlao』changed its form to ‘zhe(着)’ in『fanlao』and『laoyan』, its imperative mood weakened in 『laoxin』 and 『chonglao』. This pattern of change is that Chinese langauage(Hanyu,汉语) ‘zhe(者)’ affected by Mongolian language during the Yuan Dynasty escaped from its influence by the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was ommited, changed the form to ‘zhe(着)’ or replaced by ‘ba(罷)’ previously used. It is the transition from Jindai Hanyu(近代汉语) to Xiadai Hanyu(现代汉语) and shows the change of Chinese language through ‘zhe(者)’.

의사소통중심의 문법수업방식

도현정 한국독일어교육학회 2006 외국어로서의 독일어 Vol.18 No.-

본 논문은 학습자의 뛰어난 문법지식에 비해 말하기 능력이 그에 미치지 못하는 독일어 교육의 문제점을 제기하고 있다. 이 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 문법규칙이 활용되는 의사소통 상황에서 학습자들이 해당 문법규칙을 습득하고 연습해야 한다는 것이다. 이러한 문법활용연습이 실현되기 위해서는 문법수업과 회화수업이 하나의 공통된 주제 하에 이루어져야 한다. 자기소개, 시장보기, 하루 일과 등 주제별 중심의 수업이 이루어진다면, 학습자들이 전체 문법을 습득하지 않고도 배운 문법을 활용하여 첫 시간부터 독일어로 말하는 연습을 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 교과서가 해당 주제에 따라 어떠한 원칙에 근거하여 문법도입순서를 정하였으며, 교사가 경우에 따라 교과서에 도입된 문법도입과정을 변경할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 있다. 이어서 학습자들이 새로이 습득한 문법규칙을 연습하는 과정을 소개하고, 교과서에 제시된 문장 또는 대화유형을 모방하는 연습단계를 넘어서 스스로 배운 문법지식을 창의적으로 실제상황에 적용하는 연습형태를 제시하고 있다. 의사소통능력을 배양시키는 좋은 연습문제란 특정 주제에 관한 다양한 언어행위(읽기, 말하기, 쓰기, 듣기)를 복합적으로 활용할 수 있는 형태를 말한다. 끝으로 학습자들이 배운 문법지식을 백분 발휘하기 위해서는 문법수업과 회화수업이 통합되어야 하겠다.

Kawasaki Disease Presenting as Parotitis in a 3-Month-Old Infant

도현정,백종근,김현정,염정숙,박지숙,박은실,서지현,임재영,박찬후,우향옥,윤희상 대한심장학회 2009 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.39 No.11

A male infant aged 3 months and 1 week had persistently high fever with parotitis that was unresponsive to antibiotics. Mumps was identified by serologic study, but he was finally diagnosed by clinical features as having Kawasaki disease and echocardiographic findings on the 9th day of fever. Parotitis, which is unresponsive to antibiotics, should be considered Kawasaki disease even though typical symptoms are not present.

A Case of Encephalitis Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

도현정,백종근,박지숙,박은실,서지현,임재영,박찬후,우향옥,윤희상,염정숙 대한소아신경학회 2009 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

An 11-year-old girl was diagnosed with encephalitis due to Epstein-Barr virus(EBV). She was admitted to our hospital due to convulsion and decreased consciousness after several days of fever, sore throat and headache. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed lymphocyte-dominant pleocytosis and markedly elevated levels of protein. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) finding was normal, except for marked leptomeningeal enhancement. Even though she had signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis, EBV infection could not be considered as the underlying cause of the encephalitis until IgM for the viral capsid antigen of EBV had been detected in her blood. After treatment with acyclovir, a high dose of methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, the neurological symptoms improved rapidly. She has not suffered from any neurological complications in the four months since being discharged. EBV infection should be considered as the main etiology in cases of childhood encephalitis, although there is no evidence of infectious mononucleosis existed.

여자 청소년의 행동억제와 섭식태도가 사회불안에 미치는 영향

도현정,김정민 가정과삶의질학회 2013 가정과삶의질학회 학술발표대회 자료집 Vol.2013 No.5

Neonatal Late-onset Hypocalcemia: Is There Any Relationship with Maternal Hypovitaminosis D?

도현정,박지숙,서지현,이은신,박찬후,우향옥,윤희상 대한소아소화기영양학회 2014 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: Neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia is defined as hypocalcemia developed after postnatal 3 days and associated with hypoparathyroidism, high phosphate diets and vitamin D deficiency. We experienced the increment of neonatal late onset hypocalcemia over 1 year. We tried to evaluate the relationship between late onset hypocalcemia and maternal hypovitaminosis D. Methods: The medical records in the neonates with late-onset hypocalcemia during January 2007 to July 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Among those patients, 17 paired sera of mothers and neonates had collected. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured and were compared with neonate and the mother. Results: The mean gestational age was 38+1 weeks, and the mean body weight was 2,980 g. The onset time of hypocalcemia was 5.9 days of age. Most of them (88.2%) were feeding with formula and no one was only breast milk feeding. Of the 17 patients, 13 were born in spring or in winter. The median levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH and 25OHD were 7.0 mg/dL, 8.6 mg/dL, 191.0 U/L, 57.2 pg/mL and 24.0 ng/mL in neonates. The levels of 25OHD of 6 neonates were <20 ng/mL. A total of 16 mothers were considered vitamin D-deficient (<20 ng/mL), and vitamin D insufficient (20<25OHD<30 ng/mL). Conclusion: Neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia in our study seems to be influenced by maternal vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Sun tanning and vitamin D supplements from winter to spring would be helpful to prevent maternal vitamin D deficiency, one of the causes of neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia.

Regional outbreak of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in healthy children

도현정,박은실,임재영,박찬후,우향옥,윤희상,서지현 대한소아청소년과학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.53 No.1

Purpose:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a relatively uncommon superficial blistering skin disease that is due to Staphylococcus aureus. We had experienced a regional outbreak of SSSS over 3 years in healthy children. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of those patients diagnosed as SSSS. Most of neonatal cases were nosocomial infections and excluded from the analysis. The clinical features, laboratory findings, the isolation and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus, the antibiotic management and other supportive treatments were analyzed. Results:Fifty-five patients with SSSS were admitted to our hospital from October 2001 to September 2004. The median age of patients was 3.0 years. Of the 55 patients, 9 were the generalized type, 13 were the intermediate type and 33 were the scarletiniform rash. All the patients were living in neighborhood of the Jinju area. S. aureus were isolated from 9 of the patients and all of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin resistant. All the patients except two were treated with intravenous flocloxacillin or nafcillin and/or cefotaxime. All the patients recovered during the follow-up period of 2 to 3 weeks. Conclusion:We experienced a regional outbreak of SSSS in previous healthy children. Further study for finding the carriers of S. aureus caused SSSS and preventing the spread of this disease is needed. Additionally, guidelines for treating SSSS due to methicillin resistant S. aureus should be established.

신생아에서의 Vancomycin 용량 가이드라인 적절성 평가

도현정,윤인경,최경숙,남궁형욱,Eunkyung Euni Lee,김은경,최창원 한국병원약사회 2016 病院藥師會誌 Vol.33 No.2

Vancomycin is the drug of choice for treatment of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Although the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) recommended that vancomycin trough concentrations remain above 10 mcg/ml in order to prevent resistance, the Neofax guidelines have not recommended a new dosing guideline to achieve the therapeutic dosing goal; this has consequently raised concerns in relation to reaching the therapeutic range. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of achieving serum trough concentrations ranged 10~20 mcg/ml in NICU patients when initial vancomycin dosing was carried out as recommended by the Neofax guidelines. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 63 NICU patients at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, for whom there was at least one piece of data relating to trough level serum concentrations between June 25, 2003 and July 31, 2015. The duration of therapy, total length of stay, dose adjustments to attain therapeutic range, total daily dose and adverse effects were evaluated. For the primary outcome, 3 patients were excluded because of renal dysfunction, 13 patients were excluded because the initial trough was drawn inappropriately, and 14 patients were excluded because vancomycin was not administrated according to the Neofax guidelines. Only 6 of 38 (15.8%) patients achieved the therapeutic range with empiric dosing following the Neofax guidelines. Postmenstrual age and weight at the beginning of vancomycin treatment were significantly associated with the achievement of the vancomycin therapeutic range. Two out of 60 (3.3%) patients experienced nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, the status of attaining therapeutic range by following the Neofax dosing guideline was suboptimal. Further studies are urgently needed to assist the development of appropriate dosing guidelines for the treatment of MRSA infections in neonates.

여자 청소년의 행동억제와 섭식태도가 사회불안에 미치는 영향 : 사회적 체형불안의 매개효과를 중심으로

도현정,김정민 한국청소년학회 2014 청소년학연구 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 여자 청소년의 행동억제와 섭식태도가 사회불안에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 사회적 체형불안이 여자 청소년의 행동억제와 섭식태도 사이에서 매개역할을 하는지 살펴보는 것이다. 연구대상자는 서울, 경기 지역 및 대구에 소재하고 있는 중학교와 고등학교에 재학 중인 여자 청소년이며, 총 590명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 여자 중, 고교 청소년에 따른 행동억제, 섭식태도, 사회적 체형불안 및 사회불안은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 여자 청소년의 행동억제, 섭식태도 및 사회적 체형불안은 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 변인들로 나타났다. 또한, 사회적 체형불안은 여자 청소년의 행동억제와 사회불안의 관계를 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났고, 사회적 체형불안은 여자 청소년의 섭식태도와 사회불안의 관계를 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of female adolescents’ behavioral inhibition and eating attitude on social anxiety and the mediating effect of social physique anxiety on the relationship between their behavioral inhibition or eating attitude and social anxiety. Participants were 590 female adolescents in Seoul, Dea-gu and Gyoenggi-do. The result of the study were as follows. Grade was found to make a significant difference in behavioral inhibition, eating attitude, social physique anxiety and social anxiety. Female adolescents’ behavioral inhibition, eating attitude and social physique anxiety were found to have significant influence on their social anxiety. In addition, social physique anxiety was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between female adolescents’ behavioral inhibition and social anxiety. Social physique anxiety was found to have a full mediating effect on the relationship between female adolescents’ eating attitude and social anxiety.