젖소의 장수성과 수익성 관계 연구

도창희(Chang Hee Do),조재성(Jae Sung Cho),조광현(Kwang Hyun Cho),양보석(Boh Suk Yang),윤호백(Ho Baek Yun),이지수(Ji Su Lee) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.3

Records of 490,767 cows collected from 1990 to 2012 by dairy herd milk test of National Agriculture Cooperative Federation The pedigree of dairy cattle were provided by Korea Animal Improvement Association. The data were used to analyze the longevity of dairy cows with the life traits such as days in milk, number of lactation, productive life, and life span. The data were also used to investigate genetic relationship of these longevity traits with profitability of dairy cows, including heritability and genetic correlation. The profitability was calculated with simulation of milk income and production costs for individual cows. Days in milk among the traits had ?0.287, -0.572 and ?0.536 of genetic correlation with number of lactations, productive life and lifespan, respectively. The heritabilities of life span, number of lactations, productive life, and days in milk were found to be 0.045, 0.047, 0.059 and 0.081, respectively. Genetic correlations of profit with productive life, number of lactations, and days in milk were identified as 0.072, 0.080, 0.098 and 0.101. These results suggested that days in milk was most desirable traits to represent longevity of Holstein dairy cattle. In general, since longevity and profitability were close genetic relationship each other, genetic improvement of longevity is necessary for better profitable cows.

우리나라 젖소 유전능력의 경제효과와 유대체계에 대한 고찰

도창희 ( Chang Hee Do ) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Additive genetic transmitting ability were evaluated in January 1995 from records of 20.777 head of registered and performance tested cows in Korea Animal Improvement Association and Dairy Cattle Improvement Center to develop on economic valuation of milk production traits and a speculative milk pricing system. In a sense, the milk pricing system at present has contributed negatively to genetic improvement of milk yield, fat percentage, protein yield, SNF yield and positively to genetic improvement of fat yield, protein percentage, SNF percentage. The PTA 100 won, developed by the Korea .Animal Improvement Association in 1993, is correlated to 0.335. MFPS of the U.S., the Economical Index of Japan, INET of The Netherlands, and K1 and K2 proposed in this study were correlated with milk prices of 0.345, 0.404, .419, .502, and .500, respectively. The most highly correlated equation of K1 was - 1.529×PTAM+49.788×PTAF+35.780×PTAP.

한국형 젖소 유전능력 평가방법의 개발

도창희(Chang Hee Do),설동섭(Dong Sup Sul),이정규(Jung Gyu Lee),유한종(Han Jong Yoo) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.3

A BLUP animal model genetic evaluation system was developed to evaluate milk yield. fat yield and fat percentage by taking into account characteristics of the Korean Holstein cattle population. Records of all lactations for each cow were included in the analysis. In order to he included in genetic evaluation, sire and dam of bulls should have two or more progeny in the identification file and imported hulls or semen should have records of daughter, in Korea. The numbers of records and animals tested and evaluated in Korea Animal Improvement Association and Dairy Cattle Improvement Center of National Livestock Cooperative Federation were 41.333 and 24,539, respectively. Solutions for fixed genetic group, random herd year season, additive genetic, and permanent environmental effects of the proposed models were obtained by the iterative conjugate gradient method for a sparse linear system. Fixed genetic groups included nationality of unknown parents, which were form Korea. U.S., Canada, and other countries. Instead of using the element of inverse of the coefficient matrix, accuracy of additive genetic effects were iteratively estimated a, in the USDA animal model except for excluding contributions from sire-herd distribution.

종돈개량 모니터링시스템에 대한 고찰

도창희(Chang-Hee Do),양창범(Chang-Beom Yang),최재관(Jae-Gwan Choi),양보석(Boh-Suk Yang),송형준(Hyung-Jun Song) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.3

This paper sketches the strategies and designs for monitoring system of swine genetic improvement. The system should reflect every side of pig production. The system leads us to assess the efficiency of pig production and the scope of the system includes not only nucleus, multiplying and commercial herds, but also packing and processing sectors. For more accurate statistics, data for this monitoring system must be collected from all above mentioned areas, but not by random sampling. Futhermore, data analysis results including seedstocks and distribution information of genetic trend should be included in the system. The schema of knowledge database system could be employed in the system. The monitoring system in the final destination would unify the systems derived from various sources and provide any solution in swine industry including pig breeding.

유전 및 육종 : 국내 Holstein종 젖소의 생산수준이 젖소의 수익형질에 미치는 효과

도창희 ( Chang Hee Do ),박수훈 ( Su Hun Park ),조광현 ( Kwang Hyun Cho ),최연호 ( Yun Ho Choi ),최태정 ( Tae Jeong Choi ),박병호 ( Byung Ho Park ),윤호백 ( Ho Baek Yun ),이동희 ( Dong Hee Lee ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.5

Data including 1,372,050 milk records pertaining to 438,019 cows from 1983 to 2011 collected during performance tests conducted by the National Livestock Cooperative Dairy Improvement Center were used to calculate milk income and profit of individuals and investigate the effects of production levels of early lactation(parity 1 and 2, respectively). Individuals with a moderate level of early lactation stayed longer in herds. Among parity 1, the 9,000kg or higher group had a lower mean number of lactations than the overall mean of 3.13. The 7,000kg or lower and 10,000kg or higher groups had lower mean life time milking days than the overall mean of 1,076.8 days. Standard deviations of lifetime traits tended to decrease as production levels increased. For parity 2, the 11,000kg or higher group had a lower mean number of lactation than the overall mean of 3.43. The lifetime milking days was highest in the 12,000kg group(1,212.0 days), and generally smaller in the lower groups. Profit increased as the production level of groups increased for both parity 1 and 2. In groups with low production levels, profit of parity 1 was higher than that of parity 2, while the reverse was true in groups with high production levels. These results suggest that individuals in the low production groups had a greater likelihood to be culled due to reproductive or other problems. Furthermore, the accuracy of the prediction of lifetime profit of individuals with a milk yield of 305 days seems to be higher for parity 2 than parity 1; therefore, it is desirable to predict lifetime profit using the 305d milk yield of parity 2. In conclusion, breeding goals are based on many factors in functions for the estimation of profit; however, production levels during early lactation(parity 1 and 2) can be used as indicators of profit to extend profitability.

목장 분만년 계절의 효과 추정에 관한 고찰

도창희(Chang Hee Do),전광주(Gwang Ju Jeon),이학교(Hak Gyo Lee),이정규(Jung Gyu Lee) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Herd, calving year and season have relatively highly variable effects on milk production traits of dairy cattle and seem to be suitable with the characteristics of random effect. For a statistical approach to estimate these effects, computational ease in estimating fixed contemporary group effects and accuracy in estimating random contemporary group effects for small numbers of observations in groups should be compared. For a genetic evaluation with small herd sizes and the relatively small registered and tested dairy cattle population in Korea. the contemporary group effects should be treated as random and the flexible grouping strategy insuring maximization of homogeneiety in subgroups would be a proper choice, because of accurate prediction of additive genetic effect is and less of a loss of information from records.

A Study on the Prolactin Receptor 3 (PRLR3) Gene and the Retinol-binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Gene as Candidate Genes for Growth and Litter Size Traits of Berkshire in Korea

Chang-Hee Do(도창희),Seon-Ku Kim(김선구),Han-Suk Kang(강한석),Teak-Soon Shin(신택순),Hong-Gu Lee(이홍구),Seong-Keun Cho(조성근),Kyung-Tak Do(도경탁),Ji-Na Song(송지나),Tae-Hun Kim(김태헌),Bong-Hwan Choi(최봉환),Byung-Chan Sang(상병찬 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구는 버크셔 품종에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 후보유전자의 두 개의 대립유전자가 산육형질과 번식형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5,919두의 혈통자료, 3,480두의 산육기록과, 244두의 모돈의 775마리의 산자기록을 이용하여 유전능력 평가를 수행하였다. 유전자형 분석은 144두와 156두에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 유전자의 유전자형을 각각 분석하였다. 평가된 개체들의 육종가를 이용 두 마커의 유전자형 효과와 유의 확률을 추정한 결과 PRLR3 유전자는 번식형질의 총산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.28과 -0.13두의 상가적 효과를 각각 나타내었다. RBP4 유전자는 일당증체량에서 10.58 g의 우성적 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 RBP4 유전자의 다형성은 번식형질의 총산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.34와 -0.33두의 상가적 유전적 효과를 각각 나타났다. 따라서 PRLR3와 RBP의 B 대립유전자를 선호하는 MAS (Marker Assist Selection) Scheme은 버크셔 품종의 산자수의 개량에 이용할 수 있을 것이다. Two diallelic markers at candidate gene loci, the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene were evaluated for their association with growth and litter size traits in Berkshire. Genetic evaluation was conducted for 5,919 pigs with pedigree information, which included 3,480 growth performance records and 775 litter size records of 224 sows. From the same herd, genotyping was carried out on 144 and 156 animals for PRLR3 and RBP4, respectively. After assigning a genotype to subjects in which both parents had a homozygous genotype, numbers of genotyped animals increased to 474 and 338, for the PRLR3 gene and RBP4 gene, respectively. The genotype effects of two markers were estimated with breeding values of the genotyped animals. The additive effects of total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive in the PRLR3 locus were -0.28 and -0.13, respectively. The dominance effect of the RBP4 locus on average daily gain was -10.58 g. However, the polymorphism of the RBP4 locus in total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive has shown -0.34 and -0.33 of the additive genetic effects. In view of the results, MAS (marker-assisted selection) favoring B alleles of RBP4 and PRLR3 loci could potentially accelerate the rate of the genetic improvement in the litter size traits.

동물모형의 소개

도창희(Chang Hee Do),오봉국(Bong Kug Ohh) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.7

The animal model has become an important tool for estimating genetic parameters and breeding values in animal breeding. Actually, the animal model is a statistical model which describes data collected on animals and approximates biological effects quantitatively. An important feature of the animal model is that it is a mixed linear model including fixed and random effects, and the additive genetic relationships among animals. In comparison with the sire model, the animal model improves avoiding potential biases due to nonrandom mating and selection, and increases the accuracy of genetic evaluations by using more information. Some problems in application of the animal model are discussed. Computational difficulties are presently overcome by advances in software and super computing.

고에너지 수준의 사료급여가 돈육 품질에 미치는 영향

이제룡,하승호,도창희,이중동,하영주,정재두,이진우,이정일,이진희,Lee Jae-Ryong,Hah Seung-Ho,Do Chang-Hee,Lee JeoungDong,Hah Young-Joo,Jung Jae-Doo,Lee Jin-Woo,Lee Jeong-Ill,Lee Jin-Hee 한국축산식품학회 2004 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.24 No.3

본 시험은 고에너지 수준의 사료를 급여한 돼지의 사양성적, 돈육의 도체 특성, 일반성분, 이화학적 특성 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 80$\pm$3 kg의 삼원교잡종 120두를 공시하여 비육돈 사료 변화의 영양소 수준에 따라 저에너지 DE 3,290 kcal/kg, CP 14.5%, Lysine 0.70%, Ca 0.78로 배합한 사료를 38일간 급여하였고, 고에너지 DE 3,350 kcal/kg, CP 15.0%, Lysine 0.10%, Ca 0.78%로 배합한 사료를 27일간 급여하였다. 저에너지와 고에너지 사료를 급여한 돼지의 종료체중이 101 kg내외에 도달했을 때 도축하여 시험에 공시하였다. 고에너지 사료를 급여한 돼지가 일당 증체량이 높았고, 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 낮았다(p<0.05). 도체특성과 일반성분은 차이를 보이지 않았다 이화학적 특성 중 고에너지 사료를 급여한 돈육의 가열 감량과 황색도는 저에너지 사료를 급여한 돈육에 비해 현저히 높게 나타내었다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성에서는 저에너지와 고예너지 사료를 급여한 돈육에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상에서 고에너지 사료를 27일간 급여한 돼지는 저에너지 사료를 38일간 급여한 돼지에 비해 성장률이 향상되었고, 돼지의 도체 특성, 물리적 특성 및 지방산 조성에는 미치지 않았지만 돈육의 가열 감량과 황색도가 높았다. In a trial involving 120 pigs, the growth performance of finishing pigs and proximate composition, physicochemical properites and fatty acid composition of loin muscle were investigated by feeding the high-energy density diet and low-energy density diet. The treatments included feeding 1) the low-energy density diet (3,290 cal/kg DE, 14.50% CP, 0.70% lysine and 0.78% Ca) for 38 days and 2) the hight-energy density diet (3,350 cal/kg ME, 15.0% CP, 0.70% lysine and 0.78% Ca) for 27 days. The average daily gains were significantly higher for pigs fed the high-energy density diet than those fed the low-energy density diet, but average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate were significantly lower than those fed the low-energy density diet (p<0.05). The cooking loss and yellowness of pork were significantly (p<0.05) lower for pigs fed the low-energy density diet than those fed the high-energy density diet. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics, proximate composition and fatty acid composition of pork. In conclusion, the results of the experiment suggested that the high-energy density diet for pigs tended to improve the growth performance, but the cooking loss and yellowness of pork were higher for pigs fed the high-energy density diet than those fed the low-energy density diet.

올리브유가 첨가된 프레스햄의 저장 중 품질특성에 미치는 영향

이정일,정재두,이진우,하영주,신택순,곽석준,도창희,Lee, Jeong-Ill,Jung, Jae-Doo,Lee, Jin-Woo,Ha, Young-Joo,Shin, Teak-Soon,Kwack, Suk-Chun,Do, Chang-Hee 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 프레스햄의 품질특성에 올리브유 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 시험구는 프레스햄에 첨가되는 올리브유의 양에 따라 5개의 시험구를 배치하였다. 대조구는 올리브유를 첨가하지 않고 총 구성분 중 10% 량만큼 등지방을 첨가하였다. 처리구 1은 프레스햄 제조시 첨가되는 돈지방 함량 중 5%를 올리브유로 대체시켰으며, 처리구 2는 10%,처리구 3은 15%,처리구 4는 20%를 올리브유로 대체하여 제조하였다. 제조된 프레스햄은 진공 포장하여 냉장온도($4^{\circ}C$)에서 28일간 저장하면서 실험에 공시하였다. 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 대조구와 올리브유 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 함유수분과 조회분 함량은 대조구가 올리브유 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였다(p<0.05). pH는 처리구간의 비교에서 전 저장기간 동안 뚜렷한 경향이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 저장기간 경과에 따른 변화에서는 전 처리구가 저장 7일째에 가장 높았다가 7일 이후에는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 육색 변화에서 대조구에 비하여 올리브유 대체 수준이 증가할수록 황색도 값은 증가하고 반면에 적색도 값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화에서도 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. 조직감의 변화에서 대조구와 올리브유 처리구간의 비교에서 유의적인 차이는 인정되었지만 뚜렷한 경향이 없었으며, 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화에서도 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과 프레스햄 제조시 올리브유의 첨가는 이화학적 특성 및 조직감에 영향을 미치지 않으며, 단가불포화지방산 함량을 강화시킨 건강지향적 고급 육제품 생산이 가능하다고 사료된다. The effects of olive oil on the quality characteristics of pressed ham were investigated. Five different treatments were carried out varying the amount of olive oil added to pressed ham. for the control, 10% back fat among the total ham components was added without any olive oil. For the first treatment, 5% olive oil within the lard component was added into the pressed ham. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th treatments included 10%, 15% and 20% olive oil, respectively. Manufactured pressed hams containing olive oil were vacuum packaged and then stored for 28 days at $4^{\circ}C$. The crude protein and crude fat were not significantly different between the control and olive oil treated hams. The moisture and crude ash contents of olive oil treated hams was significantly lower than that of the control(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in pH between the control and olive oil treated hams. The pH increased during the first 7 days of storage and then decreased somewhat for the remainder of the 28 day storage period for all treatments. The meat color $b^*$ value of olive oil treated hams was higher than that of the control, whereas the meat color $a^*$ value decreased with the inclusion of olive oil. Neither value changed during the period of storage. There was no significant difference in texture between the control and olive oil treated hams throughout the storage period. In summary, pressed ham manufactured with added olive oil showed no change in physico-chemical properties and texture characteristics. Thus, it may be assumed that high quality pressed ham can be manufactured with increased monounsaturated fatty acid content.