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The fifty-year history of dental hygiene education in South Korea
노희진,문소정,한선영,Ji-Hye Yang,Eun-Ha Jung,A-Ram Lee,Ju-Hui Jeong,정원균 한국치위생학회 2019 한국치위생학회지 Vol.19 No.5
The aim of this study was to review the history of dental hygiene education in Korea on its 50th anniversary in 2015. Internal resources and documents from the Korean Dental Hygienists’Association and other accessible resources were examined to verify the historical facts of dental hygiene education in Korea. From 1965 to 1967, the first class of four dental hygiene students graduated, and the legal basis for dental hygiene as a profession was established, which led to the start of the profession Registered Dental Hygienist in 1971. From 1977 to 1993, 13 higher educational institutions started dental hygiene programs. The Korean Dental Hygienists’ Association (1977) and Korean Association of Dental Hygiene College Professors (1987) were established in this period. From 1994 to 2006, the duration of major-intensive course programs in dental hygiene was extended to three from the two years of 1994, and the first bachelor's degree program in dental hygiene started in 2002. In this period, studies on dental hygiene became significantly active owing to vigorous activities by academic societies. The master's degree program in dental hygiene was established in 2007. Academic dental hygiene journals, the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science, and Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Hygiene Education were promoted as the registered journals of the Korean Research Foundation. From 1965 to 2015, dental hygiene education in South Korea expanded both quantitatively and qualitatively and is now ready for further progress in the future.
盧熙眞 한국일어일문학회 2003 日語日文學硏究 Vol.45 No.2
It seems that an anecdote about a fox asserted in TANDAISYOUSINROKU by UEDAAKINARI presents a world different from that of a large majority of human beings where the doctrine of Confucianism and Buddhism, i.e, the concept of good and evil, and right and wrong prevails as the criteria. There is the concept of good and evil, and right and wrong in the world of human beings. Human beings who have the concept of good and evil, and right and wrong of Confucianism and Buddhism judge someone's wrongdoing by considering what kind of will he had when doing such a behavior as the criteria of judgement. Therefore, in some cases they cannot judge his behavior only by the norm with the intervention of humaneness despite the standard of good and evil, and right and wrong. Fox or God that has no concept of good and evil, and right and wrong judges by the results appeared on the surface regardless of man's will. For AKINARI, such animals as fox, dogs, raccoon, wolves and snakes are the ones that repay man for his behavior. In reality, the behavior of fox is the act of man. That is to say, it is a mirror itself. But, if man destroys the mirror to the extent of perfection or kills the fox or snake the mirror cannot reflect man. If the fox or snake does not exist, it cannot retaliate man. AKINARI believed in fox on the basis of his own direct experience saying that "The more you see of fox and raccoon, the more you get to know they take the form of man." in article 13 of the TANDAISYOUSINROKU. The fox and mirror have the same nature in that they reflect objects as they are, and don't have the concept of good and evil, and right and wrong. Nevertheless, Confucianists insist that fox's transformation into man is a rumor or superstition, but, the fox and mirror cannot retaliate man if he has "jyoubusin" which can make God give in to him. In this regard, AKINARI's fox is regarded as very unique and different from that of Confucianists, or a rumor or superstition of those days.