인장강도 측정에 의한 스트레이트 펌 모발의 형태학적 변화에 관한 연구

노정애,장병수,최태부,Roh, Jung-Ae,Chang, Byung-Soo,Choi, Tae-Bu 한국현미경학회 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.1

In this study, we investigated tensile properties and ultrastructural changes of straight permed hair using the rheometer and the scanning electron microscopy. First, we compared the morphological characteristic between the virgin hair and the straight permed hair after testing tensile strength. Cuticle cells were heavily lifted off in straight permed hair than in the virgin hair. Cuticle cells were separated by the destruction of intercellular membrane complex and no destruction or damage were found in cytoplasm. In the comparative test for tensile characteristic between the virgin hair and the straight permed hair, tensile distance of the straight permed hair was decreased by 24.5% or 3.05 mm than the virgin hair. The tensile strength was decreased by 34.63% or $5.62\;g/cm^2$ and the maximum stress by 34.59% or 56.12 g. As a result, the tensile property dropped to the lowest level with the straight permed hair than with the bleached hair or the permanent dyed hair of previous studies. 본 연구는 스트레이트 펌에 의해서 손상된 모발의 인장특성과 미세구조적 변화를 인장강도기와 주사전자현미경을 사용하여 관찰 분석하였다. 건강모발과 스트레이트 펌 모발의 인장강도를 측정한 후 형태적인 특징을 비교하였을 때 스트레이트 펌 모발에서 큐티클층의 큐티클세포들은 건강모발에 비하여 심하게 분리되어서 들떠있는 상태로 관찰되었다. 이들 세포들은 세포막사이 복합체의 파괴에 의해서 분리되었고 세포질의 파괴나 부서짐의 현상은 나타나지 않았다. 건강모발과 스트레이트 펌 모발의 인장특성에 관한 비교 실험에서 스트레이트 펌 모발의 인장거리는 건강모발에 비하여 24.5%가 감소되어 약 3.05 mm의 차이가 나타났고 인장강도는 34.63%가 감소되어 $5.62\;g/cm^2$가 작았다. 또한, 최고응력은 34.59%가 감소되어 56.12 g이 작은 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 스트레이트 펌 모발의 인장특성은 탈색모발과 염색모발의 선행 연구결과보다 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

한국어에 나타난 한자어 의존 형태소의 식별 준거

노정애 국제한국어교육학회 2008 국제한국어교육학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

스트레이트 펌 모발의 열분석

노정애,이귀영,장병수,Rho, Jung-Ae,Lee, Gui-Young,Chang, Byung-Soo 한국현미경학회 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.3

건강모발과 일반스트레이트 펌 모발의 열분석(thermal analysis)과 가열온도에 따른 모발의 연소과정을 열분석기(thermal analyser)와 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy)을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 건강모발과 스트레이트 펌 모발의 열분석 결과 무게의 변화는 $100^{\circ}C$부터 일어났다. 가열온도가 올라갈수록 $200^{\circ}C$까지는 건강모발보다 스트레이트 펌 모발의 무게 감량비가 약 2.6% 높았으나 $300^{\circ}C$의 가열온도에서 건강모발과 스트레이트 펌 모발의 감량비는 각각 64.9%, 64.4%로 나타났다. 이후 $400^{\circ}C$의 가열온도에서 건강모발과 스트레이트 펌 모발의 감량비는 32.3%와 33.4%로서 건강모발의 감량비가 높게 나타나기 시작하였다. $500^{\circ}C$에서는 각각 25.4%와 28.3%로서 최종적으로 탄화된 물질의 무게는 건강모발보다 스트레이트 펌 모발이 약 2.9% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 가열온도에 따른 모발의 형태학적 변화를 관찰한 결과 $300^{\circ}C$ 까지 연소된 모발은 인접된 모발들이 서로 융합되었다. 모발의 용해과정은 수질(medulla)과 피질(cortex)이 용해되면서 마치 대나무 통과 같이 속이 텅 빈 상태로 관찰되었다. $500^{\circ}C$로 가열된 모발조직은 형태를 알아볼 수 없을 정도로 탄화되어 덩어리를 형성하고 있었고 덩어리 표면에는 많은 기포들이 형성되어 있었다. We investigated the burning process of the virgin hair and straight permed hair using thermal analyser and scanning electron microscopy. After the thermal analysis, we found that weight started to change from $100^{\circ}C$. Whereas straight permed hair has weight decrease rate of 2.6% higher than the virgin hair till $200^{\circ}C$, those were 64.9% and 64.4% for the virgin and straight permed hairs, respectively at $300^{\circ}C$. At $400^{\circ}C$, the weight decrease rate of the virgin hair became lower than the other; they were 32.3% and 33.4% for the virgin and straight permed hairs, respectively. Final values were 25.4% and 28.3% at $500^{\circ}C$, which showed that final weight of burnt straight permed hair was higher than the virgin hair by about 2.9%. In terms of morphological changes, the hair started to melt together with adjacent ones by burning till $300^{\circ}C$. The medulla and cortex were melt and the inside was empty like bamboo. The hair burnt till $500^{\circ}C$ was entirely carbonized and found as a clod. We found many blowholes at the surface of the hair clump.

Permanent Wave의 산화과정 연구

노정애 ( Joung Ae Roh ) KAT 한국두피모발관리사협회(KST 한국두피모발미용학회) 2005 대한미용학회지 Vol.1 No.1

보문 : 스트레이트 펌 처리 모발의 미세구조 분석

노정애 ( Jung Ae Roh ),최태부 ( Tae Boo Choe1 ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ) 대한미용과학회(구 한국두피모발미용학회) 2010 대한미용학회지 Vol.6 No.1

This research observed the morphological change and ultrastructural change of hair after having straight permanent on the twenty years old of woman`s virgin hair through the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The straight permed hair was observed that the cuticular cells of cuticle layer around the surface lifted off. Also, some cuticular cells were destructed to be off. The endocuticle of cuticular cell has formed 500 nm of holes toward the longitudinal line of cuticular cell, and some of these holes were united to have the diameter of 1 μm~1.5 μm. Cortex has formed lots of holes in line with membrane of cortical cell, especially there were the holes among the limited membrane of peripheral part of melanin granules and of macrofibrils. These holes were distributed mainly around the exocortex near the cuticle layer more than the central part of cortex, where much more holes than in the cortex of virgin hair were formed.

익스텐션 기법을 이용한 헤어 디자인과 모발 손상에 관한 연구

노정애 ( Jung Ae Noh ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2011 대한미용학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The study has found out various effects of hair extension which changes the length of hair for better visual effects. It was found that the hair extension can lengthen and wave hair, increase the volume of hair with gradation of color. In addition, because of frequent changes of hair style when ends of hair are damaged, this way can also be applied to cover the damage. This study used silicone as an adhesive among various forms of ways to extend hair. After using silicone to extend hair, five ways to remove the extended hair were used such as using industrial remover, special remover for hair extension, massage cream and heating cap, acetone and long-rose pliers and oil and magic iron. Then, a scanning electron microscope was used to find out hair damage when removing silicone. It showed that cuticle damage was found most when industrial and oil removers and magic iron were used to remove silicone. A little cuticle damage was found when acetone and long rose pliers, and massage cream and heating cap were used to remove the silicone. The least cuticle damage was found when special remover was used to remove the silicone. In conclusion, severely damaged hair should avoid extension and in terms of removing the extended hair, special remover should be used to prevent secondary hair damage in the beauty shop.

보문 : 처리과정이 다른 매직 스트레이트 펌 시술에 의한 모발의 형태적 특성과 흡광도 분석

노정애 ( Jung Ae Noh ),이종순 ( Jong Soon Lee ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2015 대한미용학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study measured the absorbance values of hair dyed with methylene blue under different processing methods during a magic straight permanent treatment in order to assess the degree to which the hair would be damaged. Furthermore, the fine structures of the collected hair samples were examined through a scanning electron microscope. In terms of hair processing methods, the value of absorbance was observed to be lowest with iron oil, and second lowest in hair processed with shampoo and ozone for seven minutes. Conversely, hair processed with vapor and ozone for 10 minutes presented the greatest value of absorbance. Analyses using a scanning electron microscope revealed that some of the cuticle cells of the hair processed with shampoo had been damaged and had residues of the cells still attached. For hair processed with iron oil, the surface of the hair appeared relatively smooth; however, the detachment of a few cuticle cells was observed. Hair samples processed with ozone for seven and ten minutes, respectively, appeared to have a very rough texture. Collectively, the results of this study confirmed that hair processed with iron oil had been damaged the least, while the other samples processed with shampoo had been harmed to an average extent.

커트 도구에 따른 모발 절단면의 형태학적 특성

이귀영,노정애,장병수 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 레이저, 클리퍼, 가위 등의 커트도구를 사용하여 모발절단면의 형태학적 특성을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 레이저(razer)를 사용해서 절단된 모발의 단면은 모발 끝이 한쪽 방향으로 예리하고 뾰족하게 형성되었고 모발의 잘린 면이 얇아지면서 모발의 바깥쪽 부위로 휘어지는 것을 확인하였다. 가위(scissors)를 사용하여 절단된 모발의 횡단면은 비교적 깨끗하게 관찰되었다. 이는 가위와 사람의 손힘이 일정하게 주어짐에 따라 모발의 절단면이 찌그러지거나 눌림 현상 없이 모발형태가 변형되지 않고 절단되었기 때문인 것으로 관찰되었다. 클리퍼(clipper)를 사용해서 절단된 모발 횡단면의 큐티클층은 손상되지 않고 고르게 잘려 나갔으나 피질(cortex)은 섬유성 단백질인 거대원섬유 (macrofibril)들이 매끄럽게 잘려나가지 않고 모발단면의 중간위치에서 층이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 클리퍼의 날이 전기적인 힘에 의해서 고속으로 움직이면서 모발을 순간적으로 절단하면서 생기는 자국으로 나타났다. The morphological characteristics of the cut sections of hair using razor, clipper and scissors were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. With the razor, the cutting section had a long elliptical form and a rhythmical ribbon shape. It was curved outward since the end part of it became thinner. With the scissors, the cutting section had a flat, circular form. It seemed to be because the scissors imposed a constant strength on the hair. With the clipper, the cutting section had also a circular form but a layer of the macrofibril was generated in the middle part of the cortex. It seemed to be generated while the rapidly moving blades of the clipper cut the hair in an instant.

외국인 학습자를 위한 경어법 교육 연구

김동국,노정애 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2009 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.6 No.-

韓國語的敬語흔豊富幷且흔復雜, 所以如果不自然的運用敬語就會讓聽者感到說話者흔沒有水平而且感覺沒有禮貌, 因此可以看出韓國語的敬語在人與人之間的溝通中占有不可忽視的重要地位。 但學習韓國語的外國人恰恰在學習韓國語過程中最難把握好敬語的運用。 韓國語中多樣的敬語的表現在其他的外國語中是흔少見的一種語法因素, 況且有時就連以韓國語爲母語的土生土長的韓國當地人也對如此多的敬語難以捉摸。 對于母語是沒有敬語或敬語不明顯而且兒乎沒有語尾的話者來說掌握敬語的運用흔難。 外國人要想學好韓國語應該首先理解韓國語和自己母語的共同点和不同点是흔重要的。 本論文是硏究有關外國人韓國語學習者對敬語法的理解和敎育所必要的事項和問題的解決方案, 外國人學習者즘樣更容易學習敬語法, 通過進一步的學習能使學習韓國語者更圓滑的溝通。

온도 자극 손상에 의한 피부세포 손상시 비타민 C의 세포보호 효과

전희영 ( Hui Young Jeon ),노정애 ( Jung Ae Noh ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The high-dose exposure of sun light would get seriously damaged human skin cells, leading to cytoplasmic contraction or nuclear fragmentation. The object of this study is to know how vitamin C, a well-known antioxidant, affects on injury of HaCaT cells damaged by heat. The cell injury by thermal stimulus was determined through microscopic observation and MTT assay using human HaCaT keratinocytes. Also, protective effect of vitamin C against thermal stimulus-induced HaCaT cells was confirmed by MTT and LDH assays. The cell viability significantly (p?0.01) reduced by thermal stimulus at 70℃ for 5 min, and pre-treatment of 200 μg/mL of vitamin C to the cells before thermal stimulus at 70℃ for 5 min significantly (p?0.01) increased cell viability and significantly (p?0.01) reduced the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These results suggest that vitamin C is effective in regulating the cytotoxicity effects of HaCaT cells.