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욕망하는 본성과 도덕적 본성의 융합-茶山 丁若鏞의 嗜好說을 중심으로-
김형찬 고려대학교 철학연구소 2010 철학연구 Vol.0 No.41
Jeong Yak-yong thought that man was not the being realizing the purely good and absolute nature which was innately endowed as Neo-Confucianist had argued, but the mysterious combination of spirit and body that should control its selfish desire in the actual world. He insisted the moral nature was not the property that was given in perfect, but the ethical items that were made in the his/her life. In this meaning, the moral nature which was assigned by the Heaven (the Lord on High) was defined as the taste that was inclined to like goodness and to hate badness. According to him, the ethical life was not necessary and inevitable as Neo-Confucianist had alleged, but left to the self-regulated choice of individuals. However, man should always be in awe of the Lord on High with the attitude of Sindok (愼獨; to be cautious when he/she is alone) and control his/her desires considering the mind of the Lord on High that was ascertained in the Tao-mind of human mind. Therefore, Jeong’s theory of nature-taste was the effective method of study and cultivation for regulating desires and practicing morals that not only reflected outward to the Lord on High as the object of Sindok but also communicated inward with the Tao-mind as the mind of the Lord on High. 정약용은 성리학에서 주장하듯이 인간이 선천적으로 부여 받은 순선ㆍ완전한 본성을 구현하며 살아가는 존재가 아니라, 도덕적 분별력을 가지고 이기적 욕망을 조절하며 현실 속에서 살아가야 하는 神形妙合의 존재라고 생각하였다. 그에게 도덕성이란 완성된 것으로 주어진 것이 아니라 인간이 삶 속에서 만들어 가야 하는 덕목이다. 그러한 의미에서 天(또는 上帝)이 인간에게 부여한 도덕적 본성[天命之性]이란 선을 좋아하고 악을 미워하는 嗜好라고 규정되었다. 그에 따르면 도덕적 삶이란 기존 성리학에서처럼 필연적이고 당위적인 것이 아니라 개개인의 자율적 선택에 맡겨진다. 하지만 인간은 上帝를 늘 두려워하며 愼獨의 자세를 지키는 한편, 인간의 마음에서 道心으로 확인되는上帝의 뜻을 돌아보며 욕망을 조절해야 한다. 따라서 정약용의 性嗜好說은 愼獨의 대상으로서 上帝에 대해 外感할 뿐 아니라 道心을 통해 上帝에게 內應도 하며 욕망을 조절하고 도덕을 실천하는 효과적인 공부ㆍ수행의 방안이었다.
김형찬 한국교통대학교 2021 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.56 No.-
When a player plays billiards game, they use various stroke techniques. Simple examples are the stroke that uses only the mass of the cue and a stroke in which the player holds the cue firmly. Depending on situations, players try to bent/twist the cue up/down. Sometimes, they accelerate/decelerate the cue when it touches the billiards ball. These acts are to endow with an appropriate velocity and rotation to the ball so that the ball moves properly when it strikes another ball or cushion. In this work, we analyze the following strokes: i) The cue moves parallel to the billiard pool. ii) Its trajectory is straight. Let us compares two cues of different mass but move with the same velocity. Using a heavier cue the ball gets less squirt, faster (angular) velocity. However, one has difficulty in controlling the movement of a heavier cue than a lighter one. In addition, it is not easy to make a fast shot for the cue. In other words, the heavier cue has difficulty in making various strokes freely. An equivalent way is to use a firm grip so that the cue moves with the hand. In effect, the firm grip plays the same role as using a heavier cue, because part of the hand's mass is added to that of the cue. Therefore, players should choose a cue of an appropriate mass and use various grip methods to make such effects.