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광학현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용한 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 미세구조 분석
김창연,김은경,전태훈,남승원,김윤중,Kim, Chang-Yeon,Kim, Eun-Kyung,Jeon, Tae-Hoon,Nam, Seung-Won,Kim, Youn-Joong 한국현미경학회 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.3
뼈는 단계별 (hierarchical) 구조를 가진 복합 재료이며 독특한 구조와 기계적 특성 때문에 재료공학 분야에서 많이 연구되어져 왔다. 뼈는 주로 hydroxyapatite, 콜라겐과 물로 구성된 층판형 유 무기 재료 복합체이다. 주요 무기물로써 hydroxyapatite로 잘 알려진 calcium phosphate를 통하여 뼈는 특유의 강도를 유지하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 광학 현미경(LM)과 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 구조를 연구하였다. 구성물질 분석은 대퇴골의 calcium, potassium, oxygen 분포 변화를 알아보는데 이용하였다. 실험은 두 구조 범위에 중점을 두었다: micro scale에서 치밀골의 배열을, nano scale에서 콜라겐 섬유와 apatite 결정을 관찰하였다. Micro scale에서 닭과 토끼 대퇴골 구조의 뚜렷한 차이점이 발견되었다. Nano scale에서는 apatite 결정의 모양과 크기 그리고 콜라겐의 배열을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 토끼와 닭은 종이 다름에도 불구하고 nano scale에서는 화학성분과 구조가 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. Bone is a hierarchically structured composite material which has been well studied by the materials engineering community because of its unique structure and mechanical properties. Bone is a laminated organic-inorganic composite composed of primarily hydroxyapatite, collagen and water. The main mineral that gives bone's hardness is calcium phosphate, which is also known as hydroxyapatite. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the structure of femurs from chicken and rabbit. The elemental analysis was used to search variation in the distribution of calcium, potassium and oxygen in the femur. Current investigation focused on two structural scales: micro scale (arrangement of compact bone) and nano scale (collagen fibril and apatite crystals). At micro scale, distinct difference was found in microstructures of chicken femur and rabbit femur. At nano scale, we analyzed the shape and size of apatite crystals and the arrangement of collagen fibril. Consequently, femurs of chicken and rabbit had very similar chemical property and structures at nano scale despite of their different species.
한의학적 치료법으로 호전된 요추 추간판 탈출증 환자의 영상의학적 변화
김우영,한상엽,김기역,공덕현,이현종,김창연,남항우,Kim, Wu-Young,Han, Sang-Yup,Kim, Ki-Yuk,Kong, Duck-Hyun,Lee, Hyun-Jong,Kim, Chang-Youn,Nam, Hang-Woo 척추신경추나의학회 2009 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of lumbar disc herniation in patients treated with oriental medicine. Methods: 14patients(15 cases) with lumbar disc herniation proved at MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging) underwent a follow-up MRI study. Follow-up MRI was performed $4{\sim}14$months(mean 7 months) after initial MRI. Results & Conclusions: 1. 13 cases(87%) had reduction of disc herniation. 1 showed no change in amount of disc herniation. 1 had an increase in disc herniation. 2. Comparison initial MRI with follow-up MRI showed that 2 of the herniations decreased between 0% and 25%, 3 decreased between 25% and 50%, 5 decreased between 50% and 75%, 3 decreased between 75% and 100%. The size of the herniation decreased on average by 49% in 14patients(15 cases). 3. On axial images, the proportion of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal occupied by the herniated disc was 54.41% on the average on the initial scan, 29.65% on the follow-up scan.
이기하,김창연,김기역,남항우,정영훈,고영탁,Lee, Ki-Ha,Kim, Chang-Youn,Kim, Ki-Yuk,Nam, Hang-Woo,Jung, Young-Hun,Koh, Young-Tak 척추신경추나의학회 2007 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Objectives : This study reported 3 cases of L-spine HIVD which was treated with spine decompression, as a new medical treatment alleviates lumbago by non-surgical treatment, and oriental medicine treatment. Methods : Each patient has been treated with spine decompression and oriental medicine treatment, and the degree of improvement has been evaluated by VAS and Rating scale for LBP. Results : Through the result, the medical treatment proved to have valid effect for L-spine HIVD, but patients did not become healthy enough restored to their job before. Conclusions : At the result of this, every case can be certified to give appropriate effect, and there needs more research into synergy between spine decompression and oriental medicine treatment.
이학승,김연환,김창연,김정태,안희창,Lee, Hak-Sung,Kim, Youn-Hwan,Kim, Chang-Yeon,Kim, Jeong-Tae,Ahn, Hee-Chang 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.4
Purpose: In hand injury, pedicle is usually damaged by avulsion injury or crushing injury. Because of postoperative pedicle obliteration, it is often hard to save the injured hand and fingers, even after successful replantation. The author introduces three cases of extensive hand injury, and successful results after applicatoin of multiple venous grafts to these patients. Methods: In all cases there was no circulation in any finger. In the first case, some vessels were extracted, so venous graft was applied to two sites of severely damaged venous sites. In the second case, venous grafts were applied to all four digital arteries of all fingers except thumb which got severely crushed, and two sites of dorsal veins. In the third case, venous graft was applied to all four digital arteries of all five fingers, and two sites of dorsal veins and palmar veins each. Results: In all cases, survival of hands and fingers was successful. In the second case, however, amputation in thumb and little finger at DIP joint level was inevitable, because of its severe damage, and the large dorsal defect on index finger was filled with DIEP free flap. Thumb was reconstructed with toe-to-thumb free flap, and additional debulking procedures and contracture release is furtherly needed. In the first case, additional surgery was done, as FDP tendon got re-ruptured, but in long term follow-up, satisfactory range of motion was attained. In the third case, FTSG on dorsal skin region was planned. as flap on dorsal area got partial necrosis. Conclusion: In hand injury, there are many structures to be repaired, but sometimes venous graft is avoided for its long operating time. Even though the length of damaged vessel is enough for anastomosis, the endothelium is often damaged (zone of injury). In extensive hand injury, successful reconstruction would be possible with active venous graft to all vessels suspicious for damage.
생쥐 치아의 화학적 조성, 미세구조 및 Hydroxyapatite 구조 분석
김은경,전태훈,김창연,남승원,송경,이상길,김윤중,Kim, Eun-Kyung,Jeon, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Chang-Yeon,Nam, Seung-Won,Song, Kyung,Lee, Sang-Gil,Kim, Youn-Joong 한국현미경학회 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.3
본 연구에서는 광학 및 전자현미경 관찰과 전자현미분석을 수행하여 쥐 치아의 미세구조, 화학 조성 및 hydroxyapatite의 결정구조를 파악하였다. 치아의 겉 표면을 둘러싸고 있는 법랑질은 막대들이 일정하게 배열된 구조이며 결정도가 높고 Ca이 많이 침착되어 있다. 그에 비해 상아질은 상아세관이 통과하는 원형의 구멍이 고루 분포되어 있는 스펀지 구조이며 유기질의 존재로 인해 Mg의 분포가 법랑질에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. Hydroxyapatite 결정들은 법랑질에서는 크기가 큰 막대 형태로 나타났으나 상아질에서는 크기가 작은 침상 형태로 나타났으며, 각 조직의 결정도와 유기질의 유무에 따라 전자회절패턴의 차이를 보였다. The aim of this study is to determine microstructure, chemical composition and crystal structure of hydroxyapatite for mouth teeth using optical microscopy and electron microscopy as well as electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Enamel, a protective cover to the teeth, consisted of rods oriented in regular and had relatively higher crystallinity and Ca component. In contrast, dentin showed a sponge-like microstructure with circular holes which were passages of dentinal tubules, and had higher Mg component than the enamel region due to its higher organic content. Hydroxyapatite crystals appeared as large rods in enamel, but as small needles in dentin. Their electron diffraction patterns were different by their crystallinity as well as by the organic content of the matrix.
요추추간판탈출증환자 49례의 탈출양상에 따른 한방치료에 대한 임상적 고찰
이기하,김기역,김우영,김창연,이현종,엄태웅,Lee, Ki-Ha,Kim, Ki-Yuk,Kim, Wo-Young,Kim, Chang-Youn,Lee, Hyun-Jong,Eom, Tae-Woong 척추신경추나의학회 2008 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.3 No.1
Objective : In treatment of lumbar spine herniation of nucleus pulpous, the different result in accordance with difference of sex, age, medical history, part, or type. Methods : After 49 patients who were diagnosed as HNP of L-spine were grouped by sex, age, medical history, part, or type, they were compared and analyzed on the basis of difference between measuring VAS and ODI as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. Results : 1. In terms of differences by gender, males' average degree of VAS improvement was 63.92 and females' average degree of VAS improvement was 59.8. Also, Males' average ODI improvement index was 12.36 and females' average ODI improvement index was 12.5. 2. In terms of differences by age, Teens recorded highest degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index. 3. In terms of differences by medical history, Most acute or acute patients showed higher degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index than subacute or chronic patients. 4. There were no significant distinguishing markscomparing between one diseased part and other. 5. As the research that focused on different type, Extrusion type had better improvement by medical treatment than Protrusion type. Conclusion : This research drew the result as above, but recognizable statistical relation could not be found in the result. Therefore there needs much sustainable research to deduce meaningful result.