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프라마톰형 원전의 배관 가동중검사에 리스크 정보를 활용한 기법 적용
김진회(Jin-Hoi Kim),이정석(Jeong-Seok Lee),윤은섭(Eun-Sub Yun) 한국비파괴검사학회 2014 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.34 No.4
가압경수로형 원자력발전소 소유자 그룹은 ASME Sec. XI 코드의 배관 샘플링검사법 대안으로 리스크 정보를 활용한 가동중검사 프로그램(RI-ISI)을 개발 및 적용하였다. RI-ISI 프로그램은 파손 메커니즘이 있는 고위험도 배관에 검사를 집중함으로써 발전소의 전반적인 안정성을 향상시켰다. 또한, RI-ISI 프로그램은 비파괴검사 물량, 검사자 방사선 피폭, 검사 시간 등을 줄일 수 있다. 배관 RI-ISI 방법은 한국 표준형 원자력발전소 3개호기에 적용되고 있으며 다른 발전소도 개발중에 있다. 이 논문에서는 프라마톰형(프랑스형) 원전에 대한 RI-ISI 방법을 연구하고 그 결과를 나타내었다. 프라마톰형 원전에 대한 RI-ISI 적용은 발전소 안전성을 향상시키고 유지시키며 계량화할 수 없는 이익을 준다는 결론에 도달하였다. The Pressurized water reactor owners group (PWROG) developed and applied a risk-informed in-service inspection (RI-ISI) program, as an alternative to the existing ASME Section XI" sampling inspection method. The RI-ISI programs enhance overall safety by focusing inspections of piping at high safety significance (HSS) locations where failure mechanisms are likely to be present. Additionally, the RI-ISI program can reduce nondestructive evaluation (NDE) exams, man-rem exposure for inspectors, and inspection time, among other benefits. The RI-ISI method of in-service piping inspection was applied to 3 units (KSNPs: Korea standard nuclear power plants) and is being deployed to the other units. In this paper, the results of RI-ISI for a Framatome type (France CPI) nuclear power plant are presented. It was concluded that application of RI-ISI to the plant could enhance and maintain plant safety, as well as provide the benefits of greater reliability.
가압기 노즐 이종금속 용접부의 구조적 오버레이 용접부에 대한 위상배열 초음파기법의 현장 적용
김진회(Jin-Hoi Kim),김용식(Yongsik Kim) 한국비파괴검사학회 2015 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.35 No.4
용접 오버레이법은 1980년 초반에 배관 용접부 결함의 임시 보수방법으로 미국발전소에 처음 사용되었다. 원자력발전소의 배관 오버레이 용접부는 초음파검사 기술을 이용하여 주기적으로 검사되어야 한다. 최근 위상배열 초음파 기술 발달로 휴대하기 좋은 소형 장비를 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 현재, 완화기법 및 또는 복잡한 형상의 검사체의 표면검사 조건을 개선하기 위한 선제적인 용접 오버레이 기법 적용이 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 복합적인 형상(용접 오버레이, 기존 용접부 및 모재)의 적당한 검사를 위해서는 여러 개의 일반 초음파검사용 초점 탐촉자들이 필요하게 된다. 대안으로 위상배열 초음파 탐촉자는 일반 초음파검사탐촉자와 비교하여 더 좋고 빠른 커버리지를 제공하기 위해 다양한 초점거리에서 여러 검사 각도를 동시에 발생시킬 수 있다. 그래서, 이 기술은 검사 속도 증가, 비용 절감, 방사선 피폭을 줄일 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 현장검사에서 검출된 PAUT 신호에 대한 신호 분석 결과를 설명하였다. Weld overlay was first used in power plants in the US in the early 1980s as an interim method of repairing the welds of flawed piping joints. Weld overlaid piping joints in nuclear power plants must be examined periodically using ultrasonic examination technology. Portable phased array ultrasonic technology has recently become available. Currently, the application of preemptive weld overlays as a mitigation technique and/as a method to improve the examination surface condition for more complex configurations is becoming more common. These complex geometries may require several focused conventional transducers for adequate inspection of the overlay, the original weld, and the base material. Alternatively, Phased array ultrasonic probes can be used to generate several inspection angles simultaneously at various focal depths to provide better and faster coverage than that possible by conventional methods. Thus, this technology can increase the speed of examinations, save costs, and reduce radiation exposure. In this paper, we explain the general sequence of the inspection of weld overlay and the results of signal analysis for some PAUT (phased array ultrasonic testing) signals detected in on-site inspections.
TOFD 기법을 활용한 원자로 상부헤드관통부 오버레이 용접부 결함 검출 가능성 평가
이정석,김진회,Lee, Jeong Seok,Kim, Jin Hoi 한국압력기기공학회 2014 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.1
A Failure or degradation of reactor upper head penetration is a recurring problem due to long term operation at nuclear power plants. And a flaw in the reactor upper head penetration has caused unplanned plant shutdown for repair as well as high economic impact on the plants. Consequently, a detection of flaws is of the utmost importance. Prior to the replacement of reactor upper head penetration, some utilities have repaired the flaws of reactor upper head penetration generated by overlay weld. Until now, only the base metal in reactor upper head penetration has been inspected according to 10 CFR 50.55a and ASME code case N-729-1. Accordingly, it is difficult to detect manufacturing defects and repair defects in overlay weld. This paper presents a case study on the application of Time of Flight Diffraction technique for reactor head penetration mockup with artificial flaws in overlay weld. This study offers a way to understand the flaws detected in reactor upper head penetration overlay weld.
원전 주증기배관 웰더렛 용접부 위상배열초음파검사 적용연구
이승표,김진회,Lee, Seung-Pyo,Kim, Jin-Hoi 한국압력기기공학회 2011 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.3
KSNPs(Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant) have been applied the break exclusion criteria to the high energy lines passing through containment penetration area to ensure that piping failures would not cause the loss of containment isolation function, and to reduce the resulting dynamic effects. Systems with the criteria are the Main Steam system, Feed Water system, Steam Generator Blowdown system, and Chemical & Volume Control system. In accordance with FSAR(Final Safety Analysis Report), a 100% volumetric examination by augmented in-service inspection of all pipe welds appled the break exclusion criteria is required for the break exclusion application piping. However, it is difficult to fully satisfy the requirements of inspection because 12", 8" and 6" weldolet weldments of Main Steam pipe line have complex structural shapes. To resolve the difficulty on the application of conventional UT(Ultrasonic Testing) technique, realistic mock-ups and UT calibration blocks were made. Simulations of conventional UT were performed utilizing CIVA, a commercial NDE(Nondestructive Examination) simulation software. Phased array UT experiments were performed through mock-up including artificial notch type flaws. A phased array UT technique is finally developed to improve the reliability of ultrasonic test at main steam line pipe to 12", 8" and 6" branch connection weld.
횡파 위상배열 초음파탐촉자를 이용한 원자력발전소 저압 터빈 검사 적용 타당성 연구
윤병식,김용식,김진회,Yoon, Byung Sik,Kim, Yong Sik,Kim, Jin Hoi 한국압력기기공학회 2013 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.1
Steam turbine blades and discs of nuclear power plants are one of the most highly stressed areas of turbine rotor, and periodic inspection of the blade roots is essential for monitoring integrity and preventing turbine failure. Ultrasonic technique is applied for volumetric inspection of blade root. However, the complexity of blade root geometry imposes challenges to inspection of blades and discs. Recently, phased array ultrasonic inspection technology is being applied to numerous power generation inspection applications including turbine rotor. The phased array ultrasonic technique requires customized inspection wedges which are generally necessary to generate effectively higher incident angle. But the usage of this wedge can cause access limitation for the lower stage blades of turbine because of the wedge front length. Therefore, the shear wave phased array probe which can generate high inspection angle without wedge is essentially necessary. In this study, feasibility study is conducted for the shear wave phased array ultrasonic probe application to blade and disc inspection. As results, the experimental results show that the shear wave phased array probe can detect the flaw and measure its size with reliable accuracy. Therefore if this shear wave phased array probe is applied to field inspection of blade and disc, more reliable inspection is expected for turbine having access limitation.
공여세포 처리 조건이 형질전환 복제돼지 생산에 미치는 영향
권대진,곽태욱,오건봉,김동훈,양병철,임기순,김진회,박진기,황성수,Kwon, Dae-Jin,Kwak, Tae-Uk,Oh, Keon-Bong,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Yang, Byoung-Chul,Im, Gi-Sun,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Park, Jin-Ki,Hwang, Seong-Soo 한국동물번식학회 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.3
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of donor cell treatments on the production of transgenic cloned piglets. Ear fibroblast cell obtained from NIH MHC Inbred minipig was used as control. The GalT knock-out/CD45 knock-in (GalT/CD46) transgenic cell lines were established and used as donor cells. The reconstructed GalT/CD46 embryos were surgically transferred into oviduct of naturally cycling surrogate sows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) on the second day of standing estrus. Unlike control (1.2 kV/cm, 75.4%), the fusion rate of the GalT/CDl6 donor cells was significantly higher in 1.5 kV/cm, (84.5%) than that of 1.25 kV/cm, (20.2%) (p<0.01). When the number of the transferred embryos were more than 129, the pregnancy and delivery rates were increased to 13/20 (65%) and 5/20 (25%) compared to less then 100 group [1/6 (16.7%) and 0/6 (0%)], respectively. To analyze the effect of donor cell culture condition on pregnancy and delivery rates, the GalT/CD46 donor cells were cultured with DMEM or serum reduced medium. In serum reduced medium group, the pregnancy and delivery rates were improved to 8/12 (66.7%) and 5/12 (41.7%) compared to DMEM group [3/7 (42.9%) and 0/7 (0%)], respectively. In conclusion, it can be postulated that an appropriate fusion condition and culture system is essential factors to increase the efficiency of the production of transgenic cloned piglets.