A Search for Intergated Communication Strategies in Promoting Family Planning and Rice Production Innovations

CHIJA KIM CHEONG(金智子) 한국언론학회 1974 한국언론학보 Vol.- No.7

제 10 차 국제농촌사회학대회 (2000 년 브라질)를 통해 본 세계농촌사회학의 연구동향

정지웅(Jin Woong Chcong),김지자(Chija Kim),류태영(Tae Young You) 한국농촌사회학회 2001 農村社會 Vol.11 No.1

이 글은 2000년 7월 30일부터 8월 5일 까지 일주일 간 브라질 리오데자네이로에서 열린 제 10차 국제농촌사회학대회에 발표된 자료에 더하여 세계농촌사회학의 동향을 살펴보고 시사점을 얻고자 쓰여졌다. 그 참석자가 세계 72개국으로부터 1,600여명이나 될 만큼 규모가 컸고 발표논문도 약 1,650개나 나올 만큼 많았다. 이 대회의 주제는 `지속 가능한 농촌생활: 공동체의 건설, 자원의 보호, 인간자원의 육성`으로 참석자 전체가 한 자리에 모여 진행된 전체모임에서 농촌사회의 지속성(5개 논문)과 농촌사회학의 미래(3개 논문), 두 주제가 다루어 졌고, 10개의 주제를 다룬 심포지엄에서는 93개의 논문이 주제 별로 나뉘어 발표되었으며, 웍샵에서는 1,535개의 논문이 60개의 소 주제로 나뉘어 발표되었다. 이 대회에서는 농촌생활의 지속성에 대한 개념규정과 그러한 지속을 위하여 농촌사회학자들의 역할이 더욱 중요함이 강조되었다. 이론보다는 실제 농촌이 당면한 문제, 특히 비자발적인 인구정착문제, 농촌의 민주화, 가족영농, 농촌지역개발, 농촌행정 등에 관련된 논문이 다수 발표되었다. 전반적인 발표의 내용을 보아 이제 2천년 대를 맞아 농촌지역사회와 농촌의 특성에 관한 개념의 재정립, 세계 자본주의의 농촌사회에의 영향 탐구, 농촌지역의 민주화 과정 연구, 농촌 및 농업개발사업 연구, 농촌지역사호의 공통적인 재산으로서의 사회자본에 대한 연구, 농촌사회의 지속성과 관련하여 인구사회학자들의 계속적인 관심과 연구 등이 농촌사회학자에 의하여 탐구되어야 할 과제로 제시되었다. This paper is to introduce the 10th World Congress of Rural Sociology which was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 30 to August 5, 2000, to show what are the critical issues and concerns that the huge number of rural sociologists had expressed in their papers; and to present world trends of rural sociology. The theme of the Congress was "Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Building Communities, Protecting Resources. Fostering Human Development". Around 1600 scholars, researchers, and rural sociology professors from 72 different countries had presented almost 1550 papers including eight papers in two plenary sessions, 93 in 10 symposia sessions and 1,450 in 60 different topics of workshop sessions. All the informations here are based on the available materials distributed to the Congress participants and authors` observations and interviews made during the Congress periods but for presenting world trend authors` insights and consensus are made after their joint and respective participation in different symposia and workshops. Nevertheless, no full coverage would be done due to its vast and diverse scale. In the plenary session, eight papers were presented under two different themes: What is the meaning of rural social sustainability(5) and the future of rural sociology and its contribution to rural livelihoods(3). Out of 93 symposia papers which were based on community issues(72) such as involuntary population resettlement(18), the process of democratization in rural areas(14), agriculture, nature and social change(8) and so on, were presented more than on theoretical themes(21) such as sociological reflection on sustainability and sociological contribution to the natural resources management. Looking at out of the 60 workshop themes, the following themes drew more attention by the rural sociologists: family farming in the late modernity (82), regional rural development (72), rural administration (64), natural resource management issues (62), trading (60), resettlement (59), social and structural transformation in agriculture (55), rural oooperatives and mainstreams economics: adaptation or resistance? (44), production system sustainability (42), international trade (42), rural women (41), rural social movements (40), issues in agricultural extension (33), and so on. In the wake of globalization, capitalization, and technological development the rural sociologists would need more close investigation on sustainable rural livelihoods, redefining the concept of rural community and ruralites, impacts of changes on rural lsocieties in conjunction with the globalised capitalistic economy, overhauling the rural and agricultural development projects, rural social capital, and the socio-demographic aspects of rural population.

한국 초등학교 여교사의 자기주도학습 성향에 관한 연구

金智子,劉貴玉 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1997 한국초등교육 Vol.9 No.2

This study was an secondary analysis of the available data gathered in 1996 with the support of the Korea Foundation to develop a Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Primary School Teachers Major purposes of this study were 1) to measure the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Score of the female primary school teachers in Korea, 2) to examine their traits of self-directedness in learning in terms of six different factors, and 3) to compare these traits by various backgrounds of the female teachers. The instrument applied to this study to measure the teacher's self-directedness was SDLRS-K-96(Korean version of Guglielmino's Se1f-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Adults) originally translated and polished by Ji Woong Cheong and Chija Kim Cheong with the permission of Dr Lucy Guglielmino who had developed the instrument in the United States Statistical Tools used for the data analyses were ANOVA, LSD(Least Significant Difference), and Factor analyses etc. The mean score of the SDLRS of the female primary school teachers was 214.39 with 22.04 standard deviation This was little bit lower than that of the male primary school teachers (M=215.38) and that of the female extension workers measured in 1991 (M=215.24) however, these were not statistically significant differences. The female teachers showed some tendency that they are relatively strong in the "awareness of the responsibility in learning' and in "love of learning, but weak in the "openness to a challenge, and "inquisitive natures. Female teachers' SDL scores showed positive relationships with their educational backgrounds the degree of participation in autotomous training programs, and the difference of their assignment of teaching as homeroom teachers However, it showed negative relations with their length of teaching experiences.

아동이 지각한 부모 양육태도와 아동의 자기주도 학습력과의 관계

김지자,김인아,안현미 서울교육대학교 2000 한국초등교육 Vol.12 No.1

This study intends to investigate the relationship between childrens perception of parents parenting style and their self-directed learning readiness among a sample of Korean grade school children. It is considered important while identifying family variables as related to their self-directed learning readiness(Long and the Cheongs1998). Althoug this study failed to identify family and attitude (toward parent and others) variables, another similar study on Korean junior high school boys could find out their related variables such as their birth order, their attitude toward parents and friends/school life (Cheong & Long,1999). This study would somehow explain why the former study could not identify any related family vairiables. The objectives of this study are three-fold: 1) to identify whether or not there is any difference in their self-directed learning readiness according to their grades in the primary school; 2) to clarify the gender difference in their SDL readiness; and 3) to investigate the relationship between their perception of parents attitude toward parenting and their readiness for self-directed leaning. The Korean version scale measuring their readiness for self-directed learning is developed on the basis of Guglieminos SDLRS(58 items) and the Schaefers parenting style model (30 items) is adopted for this study after slight modification fit to Korean culture. A total of 483 grade school pupils (grade 4 6) are sampled through cluster/area and systematic sampling method from four primary schools in Seoul located in differently stratified areas. The questionnaires are filled up and collected in assistance of sampled school/class teachers. The data are quantitatively analyzed by SPSS-WIN (9.0 version), adapting t-test, ANOVA, multiple-regression and other statistical methods. The results of this study is summarized as follows: 1. The age and grade difference are not significantly related to the level of self-directed learning readiness of Korean children. But the average SDLRS scores of grade 4, 5, and 6 are 204.6, 202. 8 and 195.4, respectively, revealing that as getting upper grades, their self-directed learning readiness tends to be weaker. If this proves true, it gives some warning that the primary schools in Seoul make the pupils to be more other-directed. 2. Like other studies, the gender does not cause any significant difference in self-directed learning readiness, even though the girls SDLRS (203.8) is slightly higher than the boys (198.5). 3. Among many variables, it is found that the childrens perception of their parents parenting style is very important factor determining and explanining their self-directed learning readiness. In all three styles of parenting (love/hostility, autonomy/control & achievement/non-achievement), childrens perception of their parents parenting appeared to be closely related to their SDL readiness scores. Particularly, the childrens perception of their parents parenting style as encouraging achievement and their mothers care with love are two most crucial variables determining their childrens self-directed learning readiness.

家族計劃의 實踐率을 높이기 위한 實踐硏究 : 避姙藥의 普及擴大를 위한 實踐硏究

金智子 家族計劃硏究院 1975 家族 計劃 論集 Vol.2 No.2

교육대학 학생을 위한 초등학교 성교육 지도자료 개발

송광용,김지자,유병일 서울敎育大學校 學生生活硏究所 2003 學生生活硏究 Vol.28 No.-

본 연구는 교육대학의 성교육에 대한 이론적 기초를 확립하여 예비교사들로 하여금 성에 대한 바람직한 이해와 전인적인 성장이 가능하도록 도울 수 있는 체계적 성교육의 틀을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 이루어지게 되었다. 이를 위해서 성에 대한 다양한 이론적 배경 고찰, 국내외 초등학교에서의 성교육 실시 사례 분석, 교육대학생을 위한 성교육 지도자료 및 구체적 성교육 내용 등을 중심으로 연구가 수행되었으며, 주요 결과들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우리나라 초등학교 성교육은 주로 보건교사들이 담당함으로써, 시수의 확보에서나 일반 학생지도에서 통합적으로 이루어지지는 못하고 있으나 성교육 지도의 전문성이 확보된다는 면에서 장점을 지니고 있다. 그러나, 현실적으로 일선 초등학교에서 한 명의 보건교사가 학교 전체 학생들을 대상으로 성교육을 하기에는 무리가 따르므로, 담임교사가 성교육 연간 시수의 일부 시간을 분담, 의뢰받아서 성교육을 담당하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 초등학교에서 성교육을 제대로 실행하기 위해서는 먼저 모든 교사들이 그 지도내용과 수업운영에 대해 충분히 숙지할 수 있도록 해야 된다고 보여진다. 미국의 성교육은 주에 따라서 또는 학교에 따라서 다양하며 1988년부터 국가에서 AIDS 확산과 10대 임신을 방지하기 위해서 기존의 교육과정에 성교육을 통합적으로 가르치도록 교육기관에 기술적, 재정적 지원을 해오고 있다. 캘리포니아 주의 학교 성교육을 살펴보면, 학교에 배치된 간호사와 주 소속 보건통계의 교육훈련 연구팀에 의하여 실시되었으나, 최근 들어 교육 예산의 절감으로 여러 개의 학교를 한사람이 담당하게 되는 학교 구 담당 간호사들이 학교를 방문하여 보건교육과 더불어 성교육을 실시하고 있다. 성교육 시행 횟수는 한 학기에 1회 이상을 목표로 하되 대상을 학년별로 또는 남녀학생을 별도로 하여 실시한다. 한편, 학교 성교육 실시에 대한 미국 사회의 분위기는 대체로 보수적이어서 학생들의 학교 성교육 시간에 참여 가능 여부를 사전에 학부모에게 통보하여 동의서를 받아오는 학생에 한하여 교육을 받도록 하고 있다. 일본의 성교육은 원조교제의 저연령화와 어린이 성폭행 사건의 증가 등의 사회적 문제로 인하여, 1999년부터 일본 문부성이 제작한 "성교육의 사고와 진행방식"이라는 지도자료를 중심으로 유치원, 초, 중, 고등학교에서 조직적으로 실시할 수 있도록 장려하고 있다. 대부분의 초등학교에서는 성의 생리학적, 심리적, 사회적 측면을 포함하는 폭 넓은 인간교육을 지향하는 성교육 부독본을 교재로 채택하고 있으며, 6년간 교육과정에서 약 12시간 정도를 성교육 시간으로 할애하고 있다. 일부 학교에서는, 저학년과 여아 아이들을 대상으로 하는 첫 월경교육의 경우 부모들이 수업참관을 실시하여 그 반응을 참고로 성교육의 충실성을 도모하기도 한다. 국내외 초등학교 성교육 실시 사례들을 종합해 볼 때, 성교육의 내실을 다지기 위한 학교와 학부모간의 협력체제 구축 노력 뿐만 아니라 국가적 차원에서의 중요성 인식과 더불어 성교육 과정 및 프로그램 개발, 성교육 관련 연구 등에 국가차원에서의 적극적인 지원이 일부 이루어지고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 우리나라의 초등학교 성교육이 보다 내실있게 이루어지기 위해서도 이와 같이 성교육 교육과정과 성교육 프로그램 및 자료들이 충분히 개발되고 검증될 수 있도록 보다 적극적이고도 지속적인 지원 노력이 요구된다고 보여진다. 끝으로, 본 연구에서는 남녀의 신체적, 심리적 특성을 이해함으로써 긍정적인 자아개념의 형성과 원만한 사회 생활 영위, 양성 평등의 성역할을 이해함으로써 책임있는 성행동을 하도록 한다는 교육인적자원부의 성교육 목표를 기초로 하여, 초등학교 성교육의 영역과 내용 및 성교육 지도 프로그램의 실제 등을 구체적으로 제시함으로써 예비교사들의 성교육 내용에 대한 보다 체계적이고도 심회된 이해를 도모하고자 하였다 As the problems of sexual harassment among teenagers have increased rapidly, the school has focused on developing prevention program. As a result, many publications related on sexual harassment that can use on class is appearing. Like a most social problem, the sexual harassment have an emphasis on prevention than after treatment. Now, we have to emphasize on systematic sexual education for every class of school. The purpose of this study is to develop the basic theoretical sexual education at the university of education, therefore future teachers comprehend about well organized sexual education. Due t this purpose. We researched various factors such as different theoretical inquiry, domestic and foreign sexual education that have been taken place, teaching material of sexual education for the students of university of education and content of core sexual education. The summary of significant result is following sentences. The domestic sexual education in elementary school is not based on the teacher who is on charge of class, the teacher of preservation of health is taking care of sexual education, it ensures the professional teaching method for students. however, it is difficult to manage the time schedule for all the elementary school. In a reality, it is difficult to apply on count of lack of professional teacher of preservation of health. In accordance, school teachers are teaching classes some part of annual time schedule. For those reasons, the school teachers hsould educate themselves familiarity on the subject. In the United States, sexual education has been practiced in variety way in compliance with States or school. The nation has supported sexual education to prevent spread of AIDS and teenager pregnancy. According to the California State's sexual education system, there is not a cast that teachers are teaching sexual education for their classes. The sexual education was taught by professional teacher from preservation of health. However, the system is changed to one professional teacher taking care of several school since the cutback of State budget. The number of classes will be more than on time per semester. The education class will be divided to grade or sex. The atmosphere of society toward sexual education taking place in school is conservative therefore the school teaches only students who have permission from their parents about sexual education. In Japan, there are numerous social problems related with increasing sexual harassment such as prostitution of teenagers. In addition, the government encourages organized education in kindergarten, primary, middle, and high school with a text book which is produced by Education department of japan, called "Cognition and Process of Sexual Education". A large percent of primary school takes a supportive moral human nature supplementary reader that include biological, psychological, and social sexual education. It takes 12 hours of 6 years curriculum, some portion of primary school may make class subject to lower grade and female student teach women period. They also invite students' parents to accommodate the devotion if education. In summary, not only to make an effort to unite parents of students and school is important but also government's effort to support the development of programs and research of sexual education is important. The domestic elementary school needs advanced research, program, and textbook of sexual education to make our education more efficient. In order to achieve this, we need more supportive government policy. This study is based on the Education department of Republic of Korea's policy that makes young generation to understand the difference between male and female physically and psychologically so that they can be adaptive and responsible to society. This study was designed to help students of university of education to understand systematically about the content and domain of elementary sexual education. An on the job teachers, parents, and the school administrators are concerned with the essential of sexual education in elementary. However, there are actual issues fromm misunderstanding among the teachers that cause the narrow knowledge on sexual education to students. The domestic sexual education need continuous support to improve program that an on the job teachers and future teachers can use it for real.