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A Meta-analysis of Horticultural Therapy Programs for Children: Focusing on Journal Articles
김종혁,윤숙영,장택원 인간식물환경학회 2023 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.5
Background and objective: This study analyzed the effects of horticultural therapy programs for children using metaanalysis. It aims to provide logical grounds and basic data for practical intervention plans in educational settings. Methods: For analysis, out of total 498 papers published in journals from 2000 to 2022 under the keywords 'gardening (orhorticulture) for children' and 'elementary gardening (or horticulture)', 35 articles were finally selected and analyzed,excluding those redundant or integrated with other age groups or programs. Results: First, the overall average effect size of horticultural therapy programs for children was 0.795, which was a mediumsize. Second, the average effect size for each dependent variable was the largest in the cognitive domain at 1.153, followedby the social domain, the psycho-emotional domain, and the physical domain. Third, the average effect size according tothe grade of the subjects was the largest at 0.955 in the upper grades, followed by the lower grades and mixed grades. Fourth, as a result of meta-regression analysis, shorter time per session resulted in higher effectiveness of horticulturaltherapy programs for children (p = .001). Conclusion: In this study, the meta-analysis results showed that the most effective way to increase children's activityeffectiveness in horticulture activities using plants is to conduct activities once a week, for 10 sessions or less, and witha time of less than 60 minutes per session.
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김종혁,남주현,김용만,이동헌,목정은,김영탁 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.1
연구 목적 : 자궁경부암 환자들을 대상으로 임상기록의 분석 및 치료후 추적조사를 통하여 자궁경부암의 5년 생존율을 포함한 여러 임상적 양상을 관찰하고 이와 함께 여러 예후 인자들을 환자 치료 결과와 비교 분석해 봄으로써 자궁경부암 환자의 관리 및 치료에 도움을 주고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 1989년 6월 서울중앙병원 개원이래 1999년 3월 31일 까지 본원 산부인과와 방사선 종양학과에 등록된 I기부터 IV기까지의 자궁경부암 환자 1058예를 대상으로 조사를 시행하였다. 이들에 대한 치료 후 추적조사로 외래에서의 정기적인 관찰기록, 환자 또는 가족과의 전화 연락 등을 종합하여 총 1058예를 대상으로 연도별 환자 분포, 연령별 분포, 임상 병기별 분포, 임상 병기에 따른 연령군의 분포, 그리고 림프절 전이 빈도와 치료방법 등을 후향적인 방법으로 조사하였다. 이들 중 수술적 치료방법을 시행한 863명의 대해서는 종양의 크기, 자궁경부 조직의 침윤정도, 조직형, 림프절 전이유무, 림프혈관 침윤유무, 그리고 절단면 잔류암 침윤유무 등에 대하여 상호 연관관계를 비교 분석하였고, 또한 각 예후 인자에 다변수 분석법을 적용하여 상대위험도를 구함으로써 독립적 예후 인자로서의 가치를 판정하였다. 결과 및 결론 : 자궁경부암의 발생 연령은 22세부터 85세까지였으며 41-50세 환자군이 차지하는 비율이 24.5%로 가장 높은 발생 빈도를 나타냈다. 평균 발생 연령은 50.5세, 표준편차 12.5이었고 2/3이상의 환자가 37세 이상 62세 이하 군에 분포하였다. 임상병기별 분포는 I기가 665예(62.8%), II기가 318예(30.1%), III기가 58예(5.5%), IV기가 17예(1.6%)의 순으로 나타났다. 조직 병리학적 분포는 편평상피세포암이 88.1%, 선편평상피세포암이 4.8%, 선암이 4.1%, 미분화암이 1.3%, 기타 1.7%이었다. 수술을 시행한 863예 중 림프혈관 침윤은 10.5%에서 나타났고, 림프절 전이는 Ia기에서는 8.6%, Ib기에서는 15.1%, IIa기에서는 25.0%로 나타났다. 절단면 잔류암 침윤이 있는 경우가 6.5%이었다. 종양의 크기가 4cm 이상인 경우는 15.1%이었고, 자궁경부 조직의 침윤이 2/3 이상인 경우가 19.2%이었다. 총 1058예 중 수술을 포함하는 치료를 시행한 경우는 863예(81.6%)이었는데 수술에 의한 합병증은 기능성 방광 장애가 11.4%, 림프낭종 형성이 8.9%, 뇨 누공 형성이 2.0% 발생하였다. 임상 병기에 따른 5년 무병생존율은 Ia기가 95.7%, Ib기가 88.9%, IIa기가 81.8%, IIb기가 61.8 %, III기가 45.0%, 그리고 IV기가 25.0%이었다. 단변수 분석에 의한 5년 무병생존율 비교에서 임상 병기(P$lt;0.01), 절단면의 잔류암 유무 (P$lt;0.01), 종양의 크기 (P$lt;0.01), 조직형(P=0.02) 등에 따라서는 생존율의 차이가 유의하게 나타났으나 림프혈관 침윤의 유무(P=0.40), 자궁경부 조직 침윤정도(P=0.96)는 생존율에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 다변수 분석에서는 임상 병기, 조직형, 절단면의 잔류암 침윤 유무, 림프절 전이 여부만이 독립적인 유의성을 보였다. Objectives : This study was undertaken to analyze the demographic profile and to identify the clinicopathologic prognostic factors affecting survival rate in patients with cervical cancer. Methods : Records of 1058 patients with cervical cancer treated in Asan Medical Center(AMC) from June 1989 to March 1999 were reviewed. All patients were diagnosed and treated initially in AMC, and the patients who transferred after initial treatment from other hospital or who visited AMC after recurrence were excluded. Demographic profile, findings in preoperative work-up, treatment modality, and post-treatment clinical course were evaluated. Of the 1058 patients, 863 patients were primarily treated with surgery, and their operation records were reviewed. 5-year disease free survival rate(DFSR) was calculated according to histopathologic risk factors such as clinical stage, clinical tumor size, depth of cervical wall invasion, histologic type, LN involvement, lympho-vascular space invasion(LVSI), and involvement of resection margin. And their clinical significance as prognostic factors were assessed using multivariate analysis. Results & Conclusion : The age at diagnosis ranged from 22 to 85 years old, and the mean age was 50.5 years(SD: 12.5). Of the 1058 patients, the number of patients with FIGO stage I disease were 665(62.8%), those with stage II were 318(30.1%), and those with stage III and stage IV were 58(5.5%) and 17(1.6%), respectively. According to pathologic report, 88.1% of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 4.8% had adenosquamous cell carcinoma, 4.1% had adenocarcinoma, 1.3% had undifferentiated malignancy, and 1.7% had the other histologic type of malignancy. Of surgically treated 863 patients, LN involvement was present in 8.6% of patients with stage Ia, 15.1% with Ib, 25.0% with IIa, and 26.5% with IIb. External iliac LN was the most frequently involved among regional pelvic LN. Bladder dysfunction was the most common complication after surgery, occupying 11.4%. Other surgical complications included lymphocyst formation(8.9%), fistula formation(2.0%), wound disruption(1.8%), intestinal injury(1.1%), vessel injury(0.8%), and ureteral injury(0.5%). 5-year DFSR according to FIGO stage was as follows: Ia 95.7%, Ib 88.9%, IIa 81.8%, IIb 61.8%, III 45.0%, and IV 25.0%. While FIGO stage, histologic type, LN involvement, and involvement of resection margin had prognostic significance in multivariate analysis, clinical tumor size, depth of cervical wall invasion, and LVSI did not.
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p-Toluenesulfonate를 가진 새로운 코발트(II) 층상 화합물의 합성과 구조 분석
김종혁,이석근,Kim, Chong-Hyeak,Lee, Sueg-Geun 한국분석과학회 2000 분석과학 Vol.13 No.4
The title compound, $[Co(H_2O)_6](CH_3C_6H_4SO_3)_2$, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of the compound demonstrates a layered material constituted by hexaaquacobalt (II) cations and p-toluenesulfonate anions. Geometrical environment of the cobalt atom is octahedrally coordinated by water molecules. The p-toluenesulfonate anions are arranged with the sulfonate groups turned toward opposite side of the layer, alternately. The layered structure is stabilized by the hydrogen bondings between the ligated water molecules and the anionic sulfonate oxygen atoms.
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김종혁 국제기독교언어문화연구원 1997 기독교언어문화논집 Vol.1 No.-
Jong Hyuk Kim. 1997. Restoration of Degradation Phenomena of Ecosystem and Language Culture. Collected Papers on Christian Language Culture. The degradation phenomenon of ecosystem is regarded in this study as an event of disclosure of the technological societal resolution of human problems. The elementary cause of destructive phenomenon of ecosystem is disruption of the balance of the world of nature through a radical or one-sided technological intervention. The one-sided intervention with nature is due to the unique mode of the scientific-technological resolution of human problem. In this study the speech-thinking allowing us with creating language-culture is regarded as an alternative and creative resolution of human problem. The speech-thinking introduced as a new method of social science has a number of positive elements, such as the power for creating a new community through the dialogical speech and communion. The speech-thinking guides us with wholistic reason and an appropriate guide for a creative resolution of the destruction of ecosystem of the world of nature. (Advisory Researcher of the Institute)
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