Pressor Action of Physostigmine in the Rabbit

김제봉,Kim, Je-Bong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.2

흰쥐, 개, 고양이의 뇌내의 머스커린수용체에 작용함이 알려져 있는 physostigmine(PS)의 동맥혈압에 미치는 효과를 urethane마취토끼에서 조사하였다. 정맥내 (iv) PS $25{\sim}250{\mu}g/kg$은 혈압변동을 일으키지 않았다. 그러나 토끼를 chlorisondamine(CS), hexamethonium, 뇌실내 (icv) clonidine, icv xylazine, icv reserpine으로 처리후 또는 척수이단후에는 승압반응을 일으켰다. CS처리토끼의 iv PS승압반응은 prazosin또는 pirenzepine처리후에는 현저히 약화되었다. Iv PS는 CS처리나 척수이단토끼에서 일어나는 McN-A-343의 승압효과를 억제하였고 또 McN-A-343주입시에는 iv PS는 승압을 일으키지 않았다. DMPP의 승압효과는 iv PS의 영향을 받지 않았다. Icv PS $12{\sim}100{\mu}g/kg$은 승압반응을 일으켰고 이는 CS처리로 강화되었다. 이 승압효과는 완전치는 않으나 prazosin 또는 pirenzepine으로 억제되었다. Angiotensin II 길항약인 $(Sar^{1},\;Ala^{8})-angiotensin$ II와 prazosin또는 pirenzepine으로 토끼를 처리할때는 icv PS승압효과는 거의 볼 수 없었다. 그러나 이 angiotensin II 길항약은 prazosin, pirenzepine의 iv PS승압반응에 대한 억제효과는 항진시키지 않았다. Icv pirenzepine은 icv PS승압반응은 차단하였으나, iv PS승압효과에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본실험성적은 CS처리 및 척수이단토끼에서 볼 수 있는 iv PS승압은 교감신경절의 머스커린수용체의 흥분으로 일어나고, icv PS승압은 뇌내의 머스커린수용체의 흥분으로 교감신경계 및 angiotensin계의 활성도가 높아져서 일어남을 가리키고 있다. 또한 토끼에서는 교감신경절니코틴수용체차단, 교감신경절에 미치는 중추 교감신경의 지배력의 감소 또는 척수이단등으로 교감신경절 머스커린수응체의 감수성이 바꾸어지지 않은한 iv PS는 승압반응을 일으키지 못함을 시사하고 있다. The effect of physostigmine (PS), which has been shown to act on the muscarinic receptors in the brains of the rat, dog and cat, on the arterial blood pressure (BP) was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Intravenous (iv) PS, $25{\sim}300\;{\mu}g/kg$, caused little change in BP. However, after treatment of rabbits with either of chlorisondamine (CS), hexamethonium, intracerebroventricular (icv) clonidine, icv xylazine and icy reserpine iv PS produced a pressor response. Spinalization of the rabbit also caused iv PS to increase BP. The pressor effect of iv PS in CS-treated rabbits was markedly reduced after prazosin or pirenzepine. Iv PS inhibited the pressor response to McN-A-343 in CS-treated and in spinal rabbits; alternately during the infusion of McN-A-343 iv PS failed to produce the pressor response. The pressor response to DMPP was not affected by iv PS. Icv PS, $12{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/kg$, produced a pressor response which was accentuated after CS-treatment. This pressor effect was inhibited, though not complete, by prazosin or by pirenzepine. A simultaneous treatment of rabbits with both $[Sar^{1},\;Ala^{8}]-angiotensin$ II, an angiotensin II antagonist, and prazosin or pirenzepine almost completely abolished the pressor effect of icv PS, whereas the angiotensin II antagonist did not enhance the inhibitory effect of pirenzepine and prazosin on the pressor response to iv PS . Icv pirenzepine blocked the pressor response to icv PS without affecting that to iv PS. The present results show that the pressor response to iv PS in CS-treated and in spinal rabbits arises from stimulation of the muscarinic receptors in the sympathetic ganglia, whereas the pressor response by icv PS via activation of the muscarinic receptors in the brain which causes an enhancement in the outflow of sympathetic discharge and angiotensin. The results also suggest that iv PS is unable to produce a pressor response in the rabbit unless the sensitivity of the gangionic muscarinic receptors is altered by ganglionic nicotinic blockade, by the decrease of central sympathetic outflow on the sympathetic ganglia or by spinalization.

회전차의 깃수변화에 따른 재생펌프의 특성에 관한 연구

김제봉,권기엽,권대영 경북실업전문대학 1998 慶北實業專門大學論文集 Vol.17 No.1

본 실험을 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 동일한 깃수의 회전차에서 양정은 방사깃이 경사깃보다 높으며 회전차의 깃수를 증가하면 양정도 함께 증가한다. 그러나 57개의 깃수의 방사깃인 일반형 회전차는 다른 깃수의 경사깃과 방사깃의 회전차보다 고양정을 나타내고 60개 깃수의 경사깃과 방사깃은 68개 깃수의 경사깃과 방사깃보다 양정이 높다. 2. 60개 깃수의 경사깃 회전차의 닫힘운전축동력은 정격운전보다 약 1.9배정도 더 요구되고 60개 깃수의 방사깃의 경우에 닫힘운전축동력은 약 1.81배 정도 더 요구되지만 전유량 범위에서의 축동력은 깃수가 적을수록 작으며 축동력 변화는 경사깃이 방사깃보다 작다. 3. 효율은 60개 깃수의 방사깃보다 약 1.47%가 높고 일반형 회전차보다 약 0.85%가 우수한 60개 깃수의 경사깃이 가장 좋다.

열교환기 전열용량이 냉동시스템의 성능에 미치는 영향

김제봉,김수연,정평석,조경철 대한설비공학회 2003 설비공학 논문집 Vol.15 No.3

The geometric size and the refrigeration capacity of a refrigeration system are strongly dependent on the capacity of heat exchanger, which is one of the key design parameters. In this paper, the effect of the capacities of heat exchangers on the performance of a real refrigeration system operated in a vapor compression cycle was analyzed by the numerical simulation. From the results, the conditions that gave the maximum values of the refrigeration capacity or COP were respectively determined as a function of the capacities of condenser and evaporator under the given ambient and operating condition.

자동차용 냉방시스템의 최적설계를 위한 성능시뮬레이션

김제봉,신기열,김수연,정평석 대한설비공학회 2000 설비공학 논문집 Vol.12 No.6

The performance simulation of refrigeration system for the automotive vehicles was peformed, in which the refrigerant was HFC-l34a as an alternative to CFC-12. The coefficient of performance of the system for HFC-l34a was lower than that for CFC-12 operated in the same operating and design conditions. The optimal design conditions were obtained as a function of optimum capacity ratios of condenser and evaporator.

老齡人口와 生産活動人口의 年齡構造推移에 關한 硏究

金濟奉 中央醫學社 1990 中央醫學 Vol.55 No.11

Most developed countries encountered aging population from 1910 to 1940 and since 1950, aging of population has been influenced to the social security. In case of Korea, she did not reach the aging society yet, but aging problem comes to the front as social problems. Especially for the past 20-30 years Korea yielded the highly economic growth but many problems such as growth of gross national income, extension of life expectancy at birth and so on show us an affirmative phase while dependent problem of aged population due to the centralization of population and industry, disunion of big family system, and deepening of familial nuclearization show us a negative phase. As the provision of rapid increase of aged population from the beginning of the 21st century, a gradual measures to meet the situation will be taken from this first step of social security system. This paper discussed the present aspect, the aging of Korea including developed countries, the future prediction of change and transition of the aged population. Results obtained are as follows: 1. The proportion of aged population of Korea belongs to the ripened population step. In 1985 aged population is about 1.17 million, and in 2005 population composition rate of 65 years and over will be 7.6 % and attain aging society and the rate will be rapidly increased after that. 2. Observing the change of the life expectancy at birth for the past 80 years, female is around 50 years while male is aroung 44 years, in the life expectancy at 65 years, female is 5 years longer and male is 1.6 years longer than 1906. In spite of the development of medical sciences and rich society of material civilization, the increase of the life expectancy will be limited. 3. According to the progress of time, the age composition of future population reduces in the youth population (15-44 years old) and increases in the manhood population (45-64 years old) and aged population (65 years and over). 4. According to the progress of time, the first age group of the age composition of production active population will be moved as follows: from young age (15-29 years) middle age (30-44 years) manhood age (45-64 years). This paper discussed associated with aging using data of estimated population even now not so much problem will be occurred compared production active population with aged population but as the progression of high industrialized society, it is evident that the problem of aged population will become more serious and the adequate measure will be provided previously.

토끼에 있어서의 Physostigmine의 혈압상승작용

김제봉(Je Bong Kim) 대한약리학회 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.2

흰쥐, 개, 고양이의 뇌내의 머스커린수용체에 작용함이 알려져 있는 physostigmine(PS)의 동맥혈압에 미치는 효과를 urethane마취토끼에서 조사하였다. 정맥내 (iv) PS 25 ~ 250μg/kg은 혈압변동을 일으키지 않았다. 그러나 토끼를 chlorisondamine(CS), hexamethonium, 뇌실내 (icv) clonidine, icv xylazine, icv reserpine으로 처리후 또는 척수이단후에는 승압반응을 일으켰다. CS처리토끼의 iv PS승압반응은 prazosin또는 pirenzepine처리후에는 현저히 약화되었다. Iv PS는 CS처리나 척수이단토끼에서 일어나는 McN-A-343의 승압효과를 억제하였고 또 McN-A-343주입시에는 iv PS는 승압을 일으키지 않았다. DMPP의 승압효과는 iv PS의 영향을 받지 않았다. Icv PS 12 ~ 100μg/kg은 승압반응을 일으켰고 이는 CS처리로 강화되었다. 이 승압효과는 완전치는 않으나 prazosin 또는 pirenzepine으로 억제되었다. Angiotensin II 길항약인 (Sar¹, Ala⁸)-angiotensin II와 prazosin또는 pirenzepine으로 토끼를 처리할때는 icv PS승압효과는 거의 볼 수 없었다. 그러나 이 angiotensin II 길항약은 prazosin, pirenzepine의 iv PS승압반응에 대한 억제효과는 항진시키지 않았다. Icv pirenzepine은 icv PS승압반응은 차단하였으나, iv PS승압효과에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 실험성적은 CS처리 및 척수이단토끼에서 볼 수 있는 iv PS승압은 교감신경절의 머스커린 수용체의 흥분으로 일어나고, icv PS승압은 뇌내의 머스커린수용체의 흥분으로 교감신경계 및 angiotensin계의 활성도가 높아져서 일어남을 가리키고 있다. 또한 토끼에서는 교감신경절니코틴수용체차단, 교감신경절에 미치는 중추 교감신경의 지배력의 감소 또는 척수이단등으로 교감신경절 머스커린수응체의 감수성이 바꾸어지지 않은한 iv PS는 승압반응을 일으키지 못함을 시사하고 있다. The effect of physostigmine (PS), which has been shown to act on the muscarinic receptors in the brains of the rat, dog and cat, on the arterial blood pressure (BP) was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Intravenous (iv) PS, 25 ~ 300μg/kg, caused little change in BP. However, after treatment of rabbits with either of chlorisondamine (CS), hexamethonium, intracerebroventricular (icv) clonidine, icv xylazine and icy reserpine iv PS produced a pressor response. Spinalization of the rabbit also caused iv PS to increase BP. The pressor effect of iv PS in CS-treated rabbits was markedly reduced after prazosin or pirenzepine. Iv PS inhibited the pressor response to McN-A-343 in CS-treated and in spinal rabbits; alternately during the infusion of McN-A-343 iv PS failed to produce the pressor response. The pressor response to DMPP was not affected by iv PS. Icv PS, 12 ~ 200μg/kg, produced a pressor response which was accentuated after CS-treatment. This pressor effect was inhibited, though not complete, by prazosin or by pirenzepine. A simultaneous treatment of rabbits with both [Sar¹, Ala⁸]-angiotensin II, an angiotensin II antagonist, and prazosin or pirenzepine almost completely abolished the pressor effect of icv PS, whereas the angiotensin II antagonist did not enhance the inhibitory effect of pirenzepine and prazosin on the pressor response to iv PS . Icv pirenzepine blocked the pressor response to icv PS without affecting that to iv PS. The present results show that the pressor response to iv PS in CS-treated and in spinal rabbits arises from stimulation of the muscarinic receptors in the sympathetic ganglia, whereas the pressor response by icv PS via activation of the muscarinic receptors in the brain which causes an enhancement in the outflow of sympathetic discharge and angiotensin. The results also suggest that iv PS is unable to produce a pressor response in the rabbit unless the sensitivity of the gangionic muscarinic receptors is altered by ganglionic nicotinic blockade, by the decrease of central sympathetic outflow on the sympathetic ganglia or by spinalization.

유 · 소아 부비강 Water's 영상의 이상적 구현을 위한 촬영기준각도 변화에 관한 연구

손상혁,김제봉,송영근,홍상우,김성규 대한방사선과학회 2007 방사선기술과학 Vol.30 No.2

This study is to calculate the proper angle for the optimal image of PNS Water's view on children, comparing and analyzing the PNS Water's projection angles between children and adults at every age. This study randomly selected 50 patients who visited the Medical Center from January to May in 2005, and examined the incidence path of central ray, taking a PNS Water's and skull trans-Lat. view in Water's filming position while attaching a lead ball mark on the Orbit, EAM, and acanthion of the patients's skull. And then, we calculated the incidence angles(Angle A) of the line connected from OML and the petrous ridge to the inferior margin of maxilla on general(random) patients's skull image, following the incidence path of central ray. Finally, we analyzed two pieces of the graphs at ages, developing out the patients' ideal images at PNS Water's filming position taken by a digital camera, and calculating the angle(Angle B) between OML and IP(Image Plate). The angle between OML and IP is about 43° in 4-years-old children, which is higher than 37°, as age increases the angle decreases, it goes to 37° around 30 years of age. That is similar result to maxillary growth period. We can get better quality of Water's image for children when taking the PNS Water's view if we change the projection angles, considering maxillary growth for patients in every age stage.

Biliary stent insertion의 원인 병명과 예후 및 bilateral biliary stent 비교 고찰

송영근,김제봉 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2007 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.10 No.1

복부 단순촬영의 이상적 영상구현을 위한 F. S system과 C.R system의 촬영조건 비교분석

손상혁,송영근,김제봉,Son, Sang-Hyuk,Song, Young-Geun,Kim, Je-Bong 대한디지털의료영상학회 2007 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.9 No.1

I. 목적 : 본 연구에서는 복부의 이상적 영상 구현을 위한 Film Screen (F.S) System과 Computed Radiography(C.R) System의 촬영조건의 차이를 비교 분석해 보고, C.R system에서 촬영조건 변화에 따른 영상의 특성을 분석함으로써, C.R 환경에서 촬영조건 설정의 중요성을 살펴보고자 한다. II. 대상 및 방법 : F.S system에서 촬영 조건을 70kVp로 고정시키고, mAs를 단계적으로 변화시켜 복부 단순겸사를 시행하여 영상을 획득한 후, 진단방사선과 전문의와 방사선사로 구성된 영상평가 팀의 정량적, 정성적 분석을 통하여 F.S system 최적의 영상을 선정하였다. 동일 환자를 대상으로 C.R system 에서 위와 동일한 방법으로 영상을 획득한 후, F.S system과 C.R system의 영상의 특성곡선(Characteristic Curves)을 비교분석하고, C.R system에서 촬영조건 변화에 따른 복부 장기의 농도변화 및 영상의 특정을 비교 평가하였다. 마지막으로, F.S system과 C.R system의 최적의 영상 획득을 위한 촬영조건의 차이를 비교 분석하고, C.R 환경에서 촬영조건의 중요성을 살펴보았다. III. 결과 : F.S system에서 영상평가팀의 평가를 통하여 선택된 최적 영상의 촬영 조건은 70kVp, 20mAs로 나타났다. C.R system에서는 촬영조건 12mAs, 70kVp에서 복벽과 직접노출구역의 농도 차이가 최대인, 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. C.R system에서는 (70kVp로 고정)변화한 mAs량(3.2mAs, 8mAs, 12mAs, 16mAs, 20mAs)에 상관없이 복부 장기는 거의 통일한 농도를 나타냈으며 12mAs 기준으로 노출 조건의 감소 또는 증가에 따라서 복벽과 직접노출부분의 명확한 구분이 불가능하였으며, mAs량이 낮아질수록 양자반점(Quantum Mottle)으로 인한 artifact는 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. IV. 결론 : 위의 실험 결과 본원 system의 복부단순검사에서는 C.R system 사용 시 F.S system 보다 촬영 조건을 약 40% 감소시킬 수 있었다. C.R환경에서 x-ray장치 Image processing 장치, 자동 감도조절(EDR : exposure data recognition processing) 장치, PACS 등 사용하는 장비들의 특성을 분석하여 적정 노출조건을 재설정한다면, 최소의 피폭선량으로 최대의 영상정보를 지닌 진단적 가치가 높은 영상의 획득이 가능하다고 사료된다. 1. Purpose : This study is to present effective exposure conditions to acquire the best image of simple abdomen in Film Screen (F.S) system and Computed Radiography (C.R) system. 2. Method : In the F.S system, while an exposure condition was fixed as 70kVp, images of a patients simple abdomen were taken under the different mAs exposure conditions. Among these images, the best one was chosen by radiologists and radiological technologists. In the C.R system, the best image of the same patient was acquired with the same method from the F.S system. Both characteristic curves from F.S system and C.R system were analyzed. 3. Results : In the F.S system, the best exposure condition of simple abdomen was 70kVp and 20mAs. In the CR system, with the fixed condition at 70kVp, the image densities of human organs, such as liver, kidney, spleen, psoas muscle, lumbar spine body and iliac crest, were almost same despite different environments (3.2mAs, 8mAs, 12mAs, 16mAs and 20mAs). However, when the exposure conditions were over or under (below) 12mAs, the images between the abdominal wall and the directly exposed part became blurred because the gap of density was decreased. In the C.R system, while the volume of mAs was decreased, an artifact of quantum mottle was increased. 4. Conclusion : This study shows that the exposure condition in the C.R system can be reduced 40% than in the F.S system. This paper concluded that when the exposure conditions are set in CR environment, after the analysis of equipment character, such as image processing system(EDR : Exposure Data Recognition processing), PACS and so on, the high quality of image with maximum information can be acquired with a minimum exposure dose.

내이 및 주변구조의 MR 영상에서 3DFT-CISS, 3DFT-DESS와 TSE-3D TECHNIQUE의 비교

이평재,오재선,김제봉,이병제 대한자기공명기술학회 1997 대한자기공명기술학회지 Vol.7 No.-