Prevalence of anatomical alar band

김정석,김철순,차정열,김희진,황충주,Kim, Jung Suk,Kim, Cheol Soon,Cha, Jung Yul,Kim, Hee Jin,Hwang, Chung Ju Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry 2015 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: 입술 주위에는 여러 개의 근육이 모여있기 때문에 여러 근육의 작용에 의해 표정을 지을때, 다양한 표정과 노화에 따른 주름 등의 변화가 나타나게 된다. 동물에서는 이러한 피부 및 근육이 몸 전체에 발달되어 있지만 사람에서는 얼굴에만 잘 발달되어 있고, 다른부위엔 목과 손바닥에 하나씩 있을 뿐이다. 해부학적인 연구에서 확인한 작은광대근의 변이중에 윗입술뿐만 아니라 콧방울로 갈라진 힘살이 콧방울 가쪽 부위에도 닿아서 형성되는 콧방울 가쪽 주름에 대해 alar band라 명명하였으며 이에 대한 임상적인 유병율을 알아보고자 한다. Materials & Methods: 교정 치료를 위해 경기도 개인치과의 교정과에 내원한 780명의 교정신환의 스마일 사진에서 alar band의 여부에 대해 알아보고, 측모두부방사선사진에서 골격의 형태 및 입술의 돌출, 성별, 연령 등과의 상관관계를 평가하였다. Results: 일반적 특성에 따른 alar band의 관련성에 대해서 살펴본 결과 성별에 대해서 남자는 18.5%, 여자는 27.9%로 나타나 남자보다 여자의 경우 더 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 연령에 대해서는 가진 경우가 0-9세는 19.4%, 10-19세는 16.9%, 20-29세는 31.2%, 30-39세가 39.5%, 40-49세가 56.5%로 나타나 20대에서 40대로 갈수록 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.001). SN_NP에 대해서는 normodivergent facial type을 가진 경우가 26.2%, hyperdivergent facial type을 가진 집단이 22.0%, hypodivergent facial type을 가진 경우는 32.2%로 나타나 hypodivergent facial type을 가진 집단의 경우가 더 발생비율이 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Upper LIP에 대해서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 Lower lip에 대해서는 alar band를 보인 경우가 정상하순 안모를 가진 집단은 26%, lower lip protrusion은 14.7%, retruded lower lip은 33.3%로 나타나 retruded lower lip의 경우 발생비율이 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 즉, 성별, 연령, lower lip돌출정도에서 alar band와의 유의한 관련성을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Conclusions: alar band는 해부학적인 연구에서 27.8%에서 보였으며, 본 연구에서는 25.6%에서 확인할 수 있었고, 임상적인 사진에서는 여자, 나이가 들수록, 하순이 함입될수록 유의하게 더 보였으며 향후 심미 치료에서 이 부위에 보톡스 등의 심미치료를 할 때 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Due to the presence of various muscles around lips, variety of facial expression can be made and changes from aging process such as wrinkles can develop on the facial skin by the action of multiple muscles. In animals, skin and muscles are developed in the entire body. On contrast, they are well developed only in the face and just one is present in the neck and the palm. Alar band was defined as outer wrinkle formed by zygomaticus minor muscle, which is common in Koreans. This study aimed to investigate clinical prevalence of alar band. Materials & Methods: Subjects were chosen from 780 new patients who visited private clinic in Gyeonggi province for orthodontic treatment. Presence of alar band was examined from the smile extraoral photos. Correlation among skeletal form, lip protrusion, gender, and age were evaluated. Results: Prevalence of alar band was higher in women (27.9%) than in men (18.5%) with statistical significance (p<0.05). With respect to age, prevalence of alar band was 19.4% in age 0-9 y, 16.9% in age 10-19 y, 31.2% in age 20-29 y, 39.5% in age 30-39, 56.5% in age 40-49. Prevalence was gradually increased from patients in their 20s to patients in their 40s and statistical significance was found (p<0.001). Concerning SN_NP, prevalence was 26.2% in normodivergent facial type, 22.0% in hyperdivergent facial type, and 32.2% in hypodivergent facial type. Hypodivergent facial group had higher prevalence but statistical significance was not observed. Statistically significant difference was not found regarding upper lip. However, prevalence of the alar band was 26% in patients with normal lower lip, 14.7% in patients with pretruded lower lip, and 33.3% in retruded lower lip. The prevalence was higher in patients with retruded lower lip with statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusions: 27.8% on previous anatomical study and this study showed 27.8% prevalence of alar band in clinical smile photographs. Clinical photograph study showed that alar band was more prominent in women, older people, and people with retruded lips with statistical significance. This will provide valuable diagnostic information for esthetic consideration.

고속가공에서 상태 감시를 위한 계측시스템의 신호특성

김정석,강명창,김전하,정연식,이종환,Kim, Jeong-Suk,Kang, Myung-Chang,Kim, Jeon-Ha,Jung, Youn-Shick,Lee, Jong-Hwan 한국기계가공학회 2003 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.2 No.3

The high speed machining technology has been improved remarkably in die/mold industry with the growth of parts and materials industries. Though the spindle speed of machine tool increases, the condition monitoring techniques of the machine tool, tool and workpiece in high speed machining ate incomplete. In tins study, efficient sensing technology in high speed machining is suggested by observing the characteristics of cutting force, gap sensor and accelerometer signal also, machinability of high-speed machining is experimentally evaluated sensing technique to monitor the machine tool and machining conditions was performed.

란탄족(III)족 이온과 Diaza-18-crown-6-diisopropionic Acid의 착화합물에 관한 연구

김정석,이창헌,한선호,서무열,엄태윤,박진하,Jung Suk Kim,Chang Heon Lee,Sun Ho Han,Moo Yul Suh,Tae Yoon Eom,Jin Ha Park 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.6

이온성 거대고리 리간드, diaza-18-crown-6-diisopropionic acid(K22DAP)를 합성하였다. 이 화합물의 양성자화 상수와 몇 가지 란탄족원소와의 안정도 상수를 전위차적정 방법으로 측정하였다. 양성자화 상수는 log$K_1$ = 9.05, log$K_2$ = 8.37, log$K_3$ = 1.88 및 log$K_4$ = 0.99이고, La(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) 및 Lu(III)와의 안정도 상수 (logKML)는 각각 11.14, 11.43, 11.74 및 10.88이었다. 거대고리 이온운반 물질로서 K22DAP를 사용하고 TTA(thenoyltrifluoroacetone)를 추출제로 하여 란탄(III)족 이온의 추출성질을 연구하였다. pH 8.0의 수상에서 La(III)과 Nd(III)이온은 주로 삼성분착물 Ln(K22DAP)TTA를 형성하였다. An ionizable macrocyclic ligand, diaza-18-crown-6-diisopropionic acid(K22DAP) has been synthesized. Protonation constants of this compound and stability constants with some lanthanides were determined by potentiometric titration method. The protonation constants are log$K_1$ = 9.05, log$K_2$ = 8.37, log$K_3$ = 1.88 and log$K_4$ = 0.99. The logarithmic values of stability constants with La(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) and Lu(III) are 11.14, 11.43, 11.74 and 10.88 respectively. Extraction behavior of Ln(III) ion was investigated using TTA(thenoyltrifluoroacetone) as extractant in the presence of K22DAP as macrocyclic ionophore. It was observed that Ln(K22DAP)TTA is the dominating species in aqueous complexes of La(III) and Nd(III).

[화학] PWR 사용후핵연료 중 Zr 및 Zr 동위원소 정량을 위한 분리 및 정제

김정석(Jung Suk Kim),전영신(Young Shin Jeon),박용준(Yong Joon Park),이창헌(Chang Heon Lee),김원호(Won Ho Kim) 한국분석과학회 1998 분석과학 Vol.11 No.6

패턴화된 부적(符籍) 이미지를 활용한 유리 조형물 연구 -도시주거공간을 중심으로

김정석(Kim Jung suk),한혜인(Han hye in) 한국조형디자인학회 2016 조형디자인연구 Vol.19 No.1

연구자는 그동안 한국의 근대화 과정에서 획일적으로 대량 생산된 대도시의 주거공간에 대한 문제점을 개선하기 위한 노력을 지속해왔다. 그 방안으로 투명성, 다양한 색의 연출, 빛의 확산과 같은 유리의 물리적 특성을 이용한 조형물을 만들어 실내공간을 다면적인 공간으로 만들고자 하는 노력을 해왔다. 본 연구는 주술, 관습, 전통의 상징성을 갖는 부적 이미지들을 패턴화하여 실내 유리조형물에 적용함으로써 장식뿐 아니라 심리적 기능을 하는 조형물을 제시하고자 한다. 특히 부적의 상징적, 시각적 이미지를 활용해 사람들에게 주술적 기능을 연상케 함으로써 심리적인 안정감을 주고 나아가 과거와 현재의 문화적 단절을 해결하는데 기여하고자 한다. Researcher has been continuously making efforts to resolve issues related to urban residential space that was uniformly mass-produced during modernization process of Korea. As a measure to resolve the issues, researcher has been trying to make indoor space into many-sided space using glass sculpture created by physical characteristics of glass such as transparency, diverse color or dispersion. This study suggests sculpture that can have psychological function as well as decorative function by applying patterned talisman images that represent magic, custom and tradition to glass sculpture. Especially, this study is to serve as an important role to provide psychological stability by making people associate magical function of talisman through visual images while resolving cultural disconnection between tradition society and modern society.

[화학] 지질시료 중의 U과 Th 분석 및 자연방사성동위원소 측정을 위한 화학적 분리

김정석(Jung Suk Kim),최광순(Kwang Soon Choi) 한국분석과학회 1997 분석과학 Vol.10 No.5

한국 도시주거공간의 공용공간의 모서리 공간에 관한 연구

김정석(Jung-Suk Kim) 한국조형디자인학회 2006 조형디자인연구 Vol.9 No.1

The Korean apartment houses were started to developed by the government from early 1970's. This was aby-product of a five-year program for economic development because it roues up the drift of population to cites. To build up the house effectively for the shortest time, government and building companies focused on uniform and standardized the apartment houses. Individualities of inhabitants or design of living space have been ignored or neglected in many cases by the name of economic efficiency and development until recently. In this study, the author found the key to solve the matter on making good use of the corners of thr living space which considered to be useless space. By installing the glass or metal sculptures on the corner, it suggested the way how to further a creative space in the apartment houses.

정보산업 시대와 인문학의 위기

김정석 ( Kim Jung-suk ) 숭실대학교 인문과학연구소 2003 인문학연구 Vol.33 No.-

The crisis of human sciences didn't appear suddenly today. It started a long time ago and its hollow has deepened until now. I am pretty irritated by the fact that there is no solution for the existing crisis. Although many people know the fact, poor analyses in the social structure cause poor alternative proposals. First of all, what has to be done for human sciences is to study social and structural analysis to get some appropriate alternatives. However, we are hesitating to invest in studying it. This is clue to the fact that the study doesn't have an enormous impact on financial status of our country like the profits from the economic process. We must take steps to have a proper understanding that the crisis has been a problem not only for academic world but for ordinary people as well. Many people had dealt with the crisis of human sciences as an erosion of traditional values, but it is just a part of the problems. Now we need the reflection on the whole problems in the general society under the age of information technology industry. There are many theses about the crisis of cultural sciences, but they are only based on moral values or virtues of human nature. This thesis will give better lights on the structural aspect of the crisis. That is to say, does the crisis of human sciences belong to a special class? Could it be a something universal? Why do they feel the crisis?, and then what is the identity of that crisis? and so on. There are so many problems in our age and a short-sighted policy or a short-sighted alternative plan is not congenial to our problems. In order to overcome, we need a long investment in both materials and human beings. It's about the time to implement things needed. We don't have time for a number of desk theories. Time ticks by so fast. A theory without practice will serve for nothing. Therefore, now we must carry those theories into practice from point to point.

공장식 몰드 제작 기법을 이용한 실내공간의 유리 조형물 연구

김정석(Kim, Jung-suk),박근희(Park, Kuen-hee) 한국조형디자인학회 2010 조형디자인연구 Vol.13 No.4

중세에 스테인드글라스가 색유리를 통과한 빛의 파노라마를 통해 천상의 분위기를 만들어냄으로써 교회를 초월적이고 지상위의 천국의 축소판으로 만들어 사람들로 하여금 영적인 반응을 일으키는 것이 주된 역할 역할이었다면 오늘날 건축유리는 시대의 요구에 맞게 다양한 기능을 담당하고 있다. 인테리어(interior)와 익스테리어(exterior)를 연결하기도 하고 차단하기도 하는 인터페이스로써 창의 기능을 하기도 하며 그 기능을 뛰어넘어 빛을 흡수하고 반사하는 페인팅이 되기도 한다. 때로는 빛을 변형하고 차단하기도 하는 중간매개체로써 공간을 장식하는 인테리어 장식의 역할을 하기도 하며 때로는 조각 작품이 되기도 한다. 유리는 현대건축에서 외장재로 가장 선호되는 재료이며, 때로는 하나의 장식적인 매체로써 기능위주의 단조로운 집단 주택 또는 상업건물의 절제되고 무미건조한 실내공간을 변화시키며, 기계적으로 반복되는 획일적인 인테리어에 리듬과 활력을 주기도 한다. 건축의 실내외 환경에 대한 이러한 영향력이 건축유리가 오늘날 새롭게 태어날 수 있는 원동력이었을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 실내 장식에 적용 가능한 효율적인 유리조형물 제작방식을 연구하고자 한다. 작가들이 일반적으로 슬럼핑에 사용하는 내화석고틀을 이용한 제작 방식은 대형화된 조형물과 반복 생산에 한계를 보여왔다. 불에 취약한 내화석고는 반복사용이 불가능하며 따라서 균일한 형태를 반복 생산하기 어려운 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한 내화석고가 건조과정에서 방출하는 습기는 유리표면에 실투현상을 만들 환경을 만드는 취약점도 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 공장에서 사용되는 유리절곡 기법을 조형물 제작에 도입함으로서 내화석고 틀이 가지는 한계를 극복하고자 한다. During the Middle Ages, the main role of stained glass was to make churches look like transcendental miniatures of paradise on earth, and to inspire a spiritual feeling in people by producing a 'heavenly' atmosphere through the panorama of light passing through colored glass. On the other hand, these days the glass used for construction fulfills various functions according to the demands of the times. Glass sometimes plays the role of a window, an interface connecting or separating interior and exterior, and other times becomes a painting, absorbing and reflecting light beyond the function of a window. Glass occasionally functions in the interior decoration of a space as a medium transforming and shutting off light, and becomes a sculpture. In modern architecture, glass is the most preferred material for building exteriors. Glass, as a decorative medium, sometimes changes the moderate and tasteless interior spaces of function-based monotonous apartments or commercial buildings, and gives rhythm and energy to a mechanically repetitive uniform interior. This influence of construction on interior and exterior environments probably was a driving force behind the rebirth of construction glass. The aim of this study is to investigate the most effective ways to produce glass artworks that can be applied to interior decoration. Production methods using fire-resistant plaster molds, which artists generally use for slumping, have limitations in terms of their applicability to large artworks and repeated production. Fire-resistant plaster. which is vulnerable to fire, cannot be used repeatedly. and thus such plaster cannot be used repeatedly produce equal forms. In addition, the moisture released by fire-resistant plaster in the process of being dried can cause devitrification on the glass surface. To address these problems, this study aims to find ways to overcome the limitations of fire-resistant plaster molds by adopting glass bending techniques used at factories for the production of artworks.

사무소 건축에 적용 가능한 바이오필릭적 표현 연구 - 건축 표피를 통하여 -

김정석(Kim, Jung-Suk),김민경(Kim, Min-Kyung) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.42 No.1

Since humans intrinsically feel intimacy with nature, they have been constantly trying to incorporate nature into buildings, one of the basics of life, food, clothing, and shelter. This study is a way to link architecture and biophilic design a little more, focusing on the Forms & Patterns and Material Connection with Nature elements of the previous study, Biophilic Design Pattern 14 Natural Analogues The purpose of this study was to present diversity and methods in how architects apply biophilic design through a study on the methodological approach of expression.