감마선에 의해 생성된 1차 전자의 수송경로를 고려한 얇은 판형 방사선 계측기 반응함수 전산 모사 연구

김재효,김기현 대한방사선방어학회 2018 대한방사선방어학회 학술발표회 논문요약집 Vol.2018 No.11

마음치유를 위한 의학모델 개발의 방향

김재효,강연석,손인철 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2011 원불교사상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

環跳(GB30) 電鍼刺戟이 一過性 前腦虛血로 유발된 c-Fos 단백질 발현에 미치는 影響

김재효,김풍식,김경식,김민선,박병림,손인철 대한한의학회 2002 대한한의학회지 Vol.23 No.2

(Objective) Acupuncture and herbal medicine have been used to prevent and treat the cerebrovascular accident, such as a stroke, and many studies of acupuncture and moxibustion concerning to the stroke have been undertaken in the human and various animals. However, it was not published the protective effect of the electroacupuncture (EA) of Huan-do (GB30) on the transient forebrain ischemia injury.(Methods) The neuroprotective effects of EA (2 ms, 10 Hz, and 1 - 2 mA) of GB30 on the transient forebrain ischemia injury were investigated by immunohistochemistry of c-Fos like protein in Sprague-Dawley rats. (Results) The transient forebrain ischemia injury resulted in increased expression of c-Fos like protein (cFL) in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 for 6 hrs after ischemia, and EA increased significantly expression of cFL in the CA1 and DG. For 48 hrs after, there was delayed expression of cFL at the CA1 and DG, representing the sign of neuronal cell death, but EA decreased the delayed expression of cFL, significantly. (Conclusion) These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of EA on transient forebrain ischemia injury may be related to excitatory regulation of cFL at the early stage and inhibitory regulation at the long term.

애엽(艾葉) 및 구진(灸津) 약침(藥鍼)이 일과성(一過性) 전뇌(前腦) 허혈(虛血) 손상(損傷)에 미치는 효과(效果)

김재효,이관형,안영남,김용득,김경식,손인철,Kim Jae-Hyo,Lee Kwan-Hyung,An Young-Nam,Kim Yong-Deuk,Kim Kyung-Sik,Sohn In-Chul 경락경혈학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives : Acupuncture and herbal medicine have been used to prevent and treat the cerebrovascular accident, such as a stroke, and many studies of acupuncture and moxibustion concerning to the stroke have been undertaken in the human and various animals. Recently, the new therapeutic tool, that is herbal acupuncture, has been developed since the 1950' and applied to various diseases including the cerebrovascular accident. The main characteristics of herbal acupuncture are a combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine. It was not well known the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of herbal acupuncture on transient forebrain ischemic injury, although it has been used frequently in clinics. Methods : In this study, effects of folium Artemisiae Argyi and moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on the $GV_{20}$, named Baek-Hue, on neuroprotection after the transient forebrain ischemia were investigated in Sprague-Dawely rats. Expressions of cFos, FosB and BDNF protein in the hippocampus and cortex were observed at 2 hrs and 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia by immunohis- tochemistry and ELISA technique. Results : Expression of cFos protein was increased slightly in the hippocampus and cortex at 2 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia, but FosB protein was increased highly comparing to cFos protein. However, pretreatment with folium Artemisiae Argyi or moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on $GV_{20}$ significantly increased expression of cFos protein and significantly decreased expression of FosB protein compared to control group, respectively. These features were observed in the motor cortex and retrosplenial granular cortex as well as the hippocampus. Also, pretreatment with folium Artemisiae Argyi and moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on$GV_{20}$ significantly increased the expression of BDNF protein in the hippocampus and the cortex compared to control group at 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that pretreatment with folium Artemisiae Argyi or moxa tar' herbal acupuncture on $GV_{20}$ has neuroprotective effect on transient forebrain ischemia and theherbal acupuncture on $GV_{20}$ may be related to antioxidative function.

PC 기반의 역감제시 시스템 개발

김재효,강원찬,김동옥,김영동 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

This paper describes the development of a PC-based force display system (haptic interface system). The system allows a human to explore and interact with a virtual environment using sense of touch. Specially, the system interfaces the position and force information bidirectionally between the human and virtual environment. The haptic interface system is composed of a haptic device, a model of virtual environment generated by computer graphics, and haptic rendering algorithm displaying the desired force. The haptic device is a ground-based 3DOF manipulator of parallel link mechanism offering sense of touch to the user when the device contacts virtual environment. The ground-based interfaces have much higher resolution and bandwidth of force display than haptic devices of body-based type. The virtual environment model is designed by Open GL graphic library. It is composed of some primitives such as wall, balls, etc. The haptic rendering algorithm is implemented by God-object algorithm. The proposed haptic system is capable of modeling and touching environments with some richness, complexity, and interactivity that can be found in existing graphic systems. It is so efficient that the algorithm can be implemented in a 1-PC-based system with 1〔㎑〕 interrupt cycle.

시경반하탕(보험제제)을 통한 기관지확장증 환자의 관리 1례

김재효,방연희,도하윤,유창환,김관일,이범준,정희재 대한한방내과학회 2018 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.39 No.3

Objective: This case reports the management of a patient with bronchiectasis treated with Sikyungbanha-tang, an herbal extract covered by national health insurance. Methods: Twice a year, the patient was treated for a 30-day period with the herbal extract Sikyungbanha-tang. History-taking and a chest X-ray (CXR) were used to evaluate the effects. Results: Following treatment with herbal medicine, the patient’s complaints of symptoms decreased, and improvement was shown on CXR. Conclusions: Sikyungbanha-tang in herbal extract form in insured herbal extracts has effects on the management of bronchiectasis patients.

4차 산업혁명 시대의 기계공학 교육

김재효,이재응 대한기계학회 2018 기계저널 Vol.58 No.5

다보스포럼에서 4차 산업혁명이란 용어가 소개된 이후 미래에 요구되는 개인의 역량을 위한 교육과 ICT교육의 중요성이 강조되어 왔다. 그러나 잘 알려진 바와 같이 4차 산업혁명은 제조업을 기반으로 시작된 아이디어이며, 현재 이와 관련된 가장 앞선 기업으로 평가 받고 있는 GE나 지멘스 등은 모두 제조업을 근간으로 하는 회사이다. 4차 산업혁명의 키워드를 살펴보면 스마트 팩토리, 로봇, 드론 등 기계공학분야에서 전통적으로 연구해 왔던 분야이다. 이 글에서는 4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞이하여 현재의 공학교육 특히 기계공학교육에 어떤 변화가 필요한지 미국과 일본을 중심으로 외국의 사례를 소개하고 우리나라의 대응에 대하여 논하고자 한다.

역세척, 여과/이완 및 사인파형 연속투과 운전방식에 따른 침지형 평막의 막간차압

김재효,김은수,정건용 한국막학회 2019 멤브레인 Vol.29 No.4

In this study, permeation experiments were conducted using naturally circulating spherical beads, backwashable plate membrane and the air supplied from the bottom of the MBR. The activated sludge solution was maintained at 8,000 mg/L of MLSS and compared transmembrane pressure (TMP) with respect to FR (filtration and relaxation), FR/BW (filtration and relaxation/backwashing), SFCO (sinusoidal filtration continuous operation) and SFCO/BW (sinusoidal filtration continuous operation/backwashing). As the backwashing flux decreased from 47 to 14 L/m2 ⋅hr, the TMP increased generally, but the TMP of FR system increased significantly comparing with SFCO. In addition, the backwashing method reduced more TMP comparing to the cleaning method using spherical beads, and it was confirmed that the operation method using the spherical beads and the backwashing simultaneously is more effective than each method. 본 연구에서는 역세척이 가능한 평막과 MBR 하부에서 공급되는 공기 및 자연적으로 순환되는 구형 입자를 이용하여 투과 실험하였다. 활성슬러지 수용액은 MLSS 8,000 mg/L로 유지하였으며 여과/이완(FR), 이완시 역세척(FR/BW), 사인파형 연속투과 운전(SFCO) 및 사인파형 연속투과 운전 시 역세척(SFCO/BW) 방식에 따른 막간차압(TMP)을 측정하였다. 역세척 유량을 47에서 14 L/m2 ⋅hr로 감소시키면, TMP가 증가하였으며 SFCO보다는 FR 방식의 TMP가 크게 증가하였다. 또한역세척 방식이 구형입자를 이용한 세척방식보다 TMP를 더 감소시켰으며, 구형입자와 역세척 방식을 동시에 사용하면 각각의방법보다 더 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

광학 광자의 수송을 고려하여 전산 모사한 광 포집 효율이 검출 효율 결정에 미치는 영향

김재효,김기현 대한방사선방어학회 2019 대한방사선방어학회 학술발표회 논문요약집 Vol.2019 No.11

痛證硏究를 위한 東·西醫學의 觀點

金載孝,孫仁喆,金庚稙 한국전통의학연구소 1997 한국전통의학지 Vol.7 No.2

東西洋을 막론하고 痛證에 대한 人類의 認識은 곧 疾病이라는 관점을 세워왔다. 이러한 관점은 東洋의 最古의 字典인《設文解字》에서 뒷받침하여 "痛,病也病也"라는 의미로 痛證의 뜻을 疾病과 같은 개념으로 언급 하였고, 西洋에서는 "신에 의하여 지배되는 피할수 없는 중노동"이나 "전쟁에서의 부상이나 출산시 등 신에 의하여 운명지워진 아픔 또는 징벌"이란 의미를 지니고 있었다. 醫學的 견지에서 痛證의 정의를 살펴보면, 韓醫學에서는 "不通則痛, 不痛則痛"이라는 관점으로 모든 痛證을 이해한 반면 서양에서는 "실질적 또는 잠재적 조직 소상에 따른 불쾌한 감각과 정서적인 경험이다."라고 정의를 내림으로써, 痛證이라는 현상을 단지 물리적인 현상으로만 이해하기보다는 심리적인 요인이 관여하고 있음을 인정하였다. 이러한 痛證의 연구방향에 있어서, 西洋에서는 痛證에 대하여 神經系와 內分泌係를 통해 硏究를 진행되어 왔지만, 이러한 硏究結果에 心理的 要因에 대한 이해는 반영되지 못하였다. 반면 韓醫學에서는 痛證을 氣血 의 非正常的인 運行의 結果라는 認識 속에서 外感,內傷,情志 等 다양한 原因을 내세워 臨床的으로 활용하고 있었으나, 氣血理論을 現代的인 觀點으로 導出시키는데 不足하였다. 治療方面 에 있어서도 西洋醫學은 關門調節機構, 內在鎭痛系 等을 통해 痛證治療에 응용하고 있으며, 그밖에 禁物과 手術療去을 통해 神經傳導의 遮斷을 통한 鎭痛을 추구 하였지만, 韓醫學에서는 粟物療法은 整體觀的 觀點에서 原因을 治療 하고자 하였으며, 鍼灸療法은 氣血疏通에 障碍를 받는 部位를 解消시키고자하는 方向에서 應用되고 있고, 이러한 鍼灸療法을 통한 通證치료 機轉理解 鍼灸療法의 對象이 되는 氣血·經絡·經穴에 대한 客觀化 作嶪이 神經生理 및 雹氣生理的인 方法이 爲主가 되어 進行되고 있으며, 現在까지의 結果 속에서 볼때 經絡·經穴은 整體觀的인 이해보다는 오히려 神經解剖나 神經生理的인 理解로써만 가능하였다. 본 연구는 痛證 이라는 개념을 체계적으로 인식하기 위하여 病因,病梭,分類,지금까지의 연구방법, 그리고 台療法에 대한 東西洋의 觀點을 전개하여, 痛證硏究를 위한 方向을 정리하고자 하였다. Although the pain is withdraw response and learning in the physiological condition, most of pains have been considered that was the etiology of disease, the processes and the result in worse of the disease' states. Since the ancients, man' conceptions of pain have continually changed and the conceptions have been very subjective. In 1986, Wall and his colleagues recognized that pains are the unpleased sensations and emotional experiences following tissure injuries. This recognition has made pain involed pschycophysical facor and it was similar oriental medicine' theory. Originally western' scientists have considered that the sensation was mediated by the nervous system and their problems were nervous systems' interference. Until now many scientists ard evaluating the effect of pain control about the nervous system and endocrine system. However, oriental medicine's main conceptions are "Qi-Xue"(氣血) theorys and the etiology of pain has been considered that "Qi" was to be obstructed in the 14 collateral vessel or 361 acu-points. We evaluated about pain' concepion in western medicine and oriental medicine. Espescially, in this examination, it was involed that the physiology of the nociceptive sensation, the etiology of pain, mechanism, c1assificaion, therapeutic methods and a view of acupuncture' effects and new methods about pain studies.