GST 추출물의 Sprague-Dawley Rat를 이용한 13주 반복 경구투여 독성시험 및 4주 회복시험

김윤하,김준영,한종민,이혜영,정인철,진미림,김승형,박양춘,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Kim, Jun-Young,Han, Jong-Min,Lee, Hye-Yeong,Jung, In-Chul,Jin, Mi-Rim,Kim, Seong-Hyeong,Park, Yang-Chun 대한한방내과학회 2014 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives: To provide information on the safety of GST (GamiSasangja-tang; CnidiiFructus, Sophora Root, Angelica Gigas Root, Clematidis Radix, Stemonae Radix, Spirodelae Herba), we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of GST in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Female and male rats were treated with GST at oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5000 mg/kg. The GST was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. The rats were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results: We found no mortality or abnormalities among clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights or histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions: The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.

1980-1990년대 동해에서 해구별 오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 어획량과 해양환경의 관계

김윤하,문창호,최광호,이충일,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Moon, Chang-Ho,Choi, Kwang-Ho,Lee, Chung-Il 해양환경안전학회 2010 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.16 No.3

20년간(1980-1999) 동해의 해구(위경도 $30'{\times}30'$)별 오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 총 어획량과 단위노력당 어획량(catch/gear/day, CPUE)을 분석하여, 특정 해역에서 오징어 어획량이 높은 원인을 물리(수온), 생물학적 환경 인자(동물플랑크톤 생체량)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 해구별 총 어획량과 CPUE는 1980년대보다 1990년대에 증가하였다. 20년간 평균어획량이 높았던 해구는 동해 남부 5개 해구(No. 87, 76, 82, 83, 88)이었고, CPUE가 높았던 해구는 울릉도와 울진 부근의 해구(No. 65, 71, 72, 78)로 나타났다. 동해 전체 해구에서 이들 특정 해구의 총 어획량과 CPUE가 차지하는 비율은 각각 35.1%와 62.1%였다. 총 어획량과 CPUE가 높은 해역은 쓰시마 난류의 북방한계 지표수온인 $10^{\circ}C$의 등온선의 상부 수층에 위치하였으며, $10^{\circ}C$ 등온선의 분포 위치에 따라 해구별 총 어획량과 CPUE가 다르게 나타났다. 해구별 동물플랑크톤의 생체량 분포와 오징어 어획량 간에는 높은 상관성이 나타나지 않은 반면, 전체 해구의 동물플랑크톤의 연간 총 생체량과 오징어 총 어획량의 시계열 변화 경향은 유사하게 나타났다. Data on squid catches by the Korean jig fishery in sea blocks ($30'{\times}30'$), water temperatures at depth(30m, 50m and 100m) and zooplankton biomass in the East Sea from 1980 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the mechanism of formation of the high density stock area. Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) catch in the East Sea was low in 1980s, while the catch was high in 1990s. The five sea blocks (No. 76, 82, 83, 87, 88) of the southern part in the eastern coastal waters of Korea showed high levels of percentage of total catch (35.1%), whereas the four sea blocks (No. 65, 71, 72, 78) of the coastal waters of Uleung Island showed high levels of percentage of CPUE (61.2%) for 20 years. Squid catches showed monthly fluctuations according to the vertical distribution of optimum water temperature for fishing ($14^{\circ}C{\sim}19^{\circ}C$). High total catch and high CPUE area matched well with $10^{\circ}C$ isothermal lines at 100m depth indicating northern limiting of Tsushima Warm Current, and temporal and spatial change in $10^{\circ}C$ isothermal line caused the change in total catch and CPUE. Horizontal distribution of zooplankton biomass by sea block was not matched well with those of total catch and CPUE, however pattern of time-series change in total zooplankton biomass was similar to that in total squid catch.

여름철 동안 야간 고온이 스프레이국화 '유로(Euro)'의 개화시기에 미치는 영향

김윤하,이인중,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Lee, In-Jung 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2013 慶北大農學誌 Vol.31 No.1

본 실험은 한국에서 여름철 동안 야간 고온이 스프레이국화의 개화기간에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 2005년 실험결과에 따르면, 단일기간 중 야간 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상 지속된 기간은 23.6일로 조사되었고 개화가 지연된 기간은 22일로 조사되었다. 유사한 결과가 2006년에도 조사되었는데, 단일기간 중 야간 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상 지속된 기간은 23.6일, 개화지연 기간은 23일로 조사되었다. 2007년 결과도 단일기간 중 야간 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상 지속된 기간은 31.9일, 개화지연 기간은 31일로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 2005년부터 2007년까지의 결과에 따르면, 스프레이국화 'Euro' 품종에서 야간에 고온과 개화기간지연 사이에 특별한 상관관계가 있을 것으로 추정된다. This study identified the effect of night time temperatures on the flowering period of spray-chrysanthemum during the summer season in South Korea. According to the results for 2005, the temperature at night time sustained more than $25^{\circ}C$ for 23.6 days during the short day period and delayed the flowering period for 22 days. Similar observations were reported in 2006, as the night time temperature sustained more than $25^{\circ}C$ for 23.6 days during the short day period and delayed flowering period for 23 days. The results for 2007 year showed that night time temperature sustained more than $25^{\circ}C$ for 31.9 days during the same period and delayed flowering for 31 days. In conclusion, based on the results for 2005 to 2007, a specific correlation was found between high night time temperatures and a delayed flowering period for the 'Euro' spray-chrysanthemum.

신라 왕경숲 조성에 있어서 주요 수종 선정에 관한 연구

김윤하,Kim Yoon-Ha 한국조경학회 2004 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

This research is basic research about 「the afforestation project of the Shilla Dynasty's capital forest」 which is controlled by the research institute of forest and environment of Kyungbuk province. The results of the investigation about target places and selection of major species of trees is as follows. 1. In the Shilla Dynasty's times, the peach tree was the indicator of unusual changes in weather, and was also the symbol of unsurpassed beauty. Peach trees were so prevalent that people called the forest peach-hill or peach-forest. Therefore, the main tree of Shilla Dynasty's capital forest would have to be a peach tree. 2. From several records, pine and bamboo were planted or grown together. The pattern of planting trees like this case is also historic, so should be utilized positively. 3. In order to afforest the capital forest, the bamboos have to be planted on Nam-mountain in Kyung-ju, and maple trees have to be planted on Kumgang mountain. 4. There were many big trees during the Shilla Dynasty, and the name of one of the Six Main Villages was 'Big Tree Village'. Therefore, big and long-lived trees have to be planted also. 5. The willow tree has to be considered for afforesting the capital forest even though the willow trees are misunderstood to cause allergies. They are traditional landscape architecture trees. In the traditional literature, the willow tree stands for good news. 6. Japanese cornellian cherry(Cornus officinalis), which is related with old narrative literature in the era of King Kyungmun, has to be planted for the forest, and has to be considered to be an educational tree. 7. Korean Rhododendron, which is related with Madam Suro's story, has to be planted in stone gardens.8. Lotus, Korean pulsatilla, Boxwood, Bombycis Mulberry, and Japanese Apricot have been recorded just one time, but these are also important plants which have to be reflected on afforestation of capital forest project. 9. The forests of Shilla on the old records exist in 17 places. The afforestation project has to be undertaken at these places. 10. The people of Shilla deified the forest and trees, which were the places where ancestral rites had been performed. For example, Gyerim, Sinyurim, and Wanggasu were the sacred forests of the capital forest.

2013년 8월, 9월 동해 남부연안 살오징어 유생 분포

김윤하,문창호,이충일,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Moon, Chang-Ho,Lee, Chung Il 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.3

동해연안에서 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 유생 분포를 파악하기 위해 2013년 8월과 9월 해양조사선 탐구 12호로 21정점에 대해 CTD 관측 및 지름 60 cm, 망목 $333{\mu}m$의 봉고네트를 이용한 복경사 채집을 하였다. 유생은 8월에 3개 정점에서 16 개체/$10m^3$, 9월에 1개 정점에서 7 개체/$10m^3$가 출현하였으며, 유생이 채집된 정점의 수심은 약 70 m-500 m 사이였다. 유생의 외투장은 1.7-6.0 mm였으며, 8월에는 주로 외양측 정점, 9월에는 장기갑 부근 정점에서 채집되었다. 배아발달과 유생이 생존하기에 가장 적합한 수온인 배아생존최적수온($18-24^{\circ}C$)은 35 m보다 깊지 않았고, 배아와 유생의 생존이 가능한 수온($15-24^{\circ}C$)은 75 m보다 얕은 수심에 분포하였다. Paralarvae of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup were sampled with the bongo net (diameter: 60 cm, mesh: $333{\mu}m$) by using oblique tow method with the oceanographic research vessel (Tamgu 12) at 21 stations along the southwestern coastal waters of the East Sea in August and September, 2013. Paralarvae were collected 16 ind./$10m^3$ in August and 7 ind./$10m^3$ in September at approximately, and bottom depth was from 70 m to 500 m. Mantle length of paralarvae was from 1.7 to 6.0 mm. Paralavae were distributed mainly in offshore stations in August and near by Cape Janggi in September. Optimum embryo survival temperature ($18-24^{\circ}C$) was formed shallower than 35 m depth for almost stations where paralarvae were existed, and survival temperature ($15-24^{\circ}C$) for embryo stage was located shallower than 75 m.

동해와 서해의 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 회유 및 분포에 관한 고찰

김윤하,정해근,오승용,김현우,이충일,Kim, Yoon Ha,Jung, Hae Kun,Oh, Sung-Yong,Kim, Hyun Woo,Lee, Chung Il 한국해양생명과학회 2019 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

본 리뷰는 한국의 중요한 수산자원인 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus)의 동해와 서해 어획량 변동 원인을 살오징어 난/자치어 수송부터 회유경로 및 어장 분포에 관점으로 논의하였다. 우리나라 살오징어 어획량은 1980년 이후 기후체제전환에 따라 변화가 있어 왔으며 이는 동해와 서해의 어획량 변동 경향이 달랐다. PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation)는 동해로 유입되는 난류 수송량과 음의 상관관계가 있는데 PDO가 양의 위상이었던 1980s에는 서해에서는 어획량이 많았고 동해에서는 어획량이 적었다. 반면, PDO가 음의 위상이었던 1990s년대에는 동해 어획량이 많고 서해에서는 적었다. 이는 살오징어가 난류를 따라 북상하거나 난류를 거슬러 남하회유를 하는 생활사에 기인된다. 동해의 경우, 난류가 강(약)할 때, 난류경로가 한국의 동해 연안 쪽(동해 중부 해역 및 일본 연안 쪽)으로 치우치게 되는데 이는 PDO가 양의 위상이었던 1980년대에 어장이 울릉도 동편에 위치하였던 반면 PDO가 음의 위상이었던 1990년대에 어장이 동해 연안에 위치한 것과 관련있다. 서해 살오징어 어획량이 증가한 1980년대에는 동해로 유입되는 난류수 수송량이 감소한 반면 서해로 유입되는 난류수는 증가하였으며 이는 서해로 수송되는 유생의 양을 증가시키는 주요 원인이 된다. This review paper discussed the decadal fluctuations in the catch of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus (T. pacificus) by focusing on migration and distribution patterns. Since 1980s, changes in T. pacificus catches were due to climate regime shift in Korean waters. Fluctuation patterns of catches were different between the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. Generally PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) phase shows a negative correlation with strength of warm current to the East Sea. In 1980s when PDO was positive phase (+), T. pacificus catch was higher in the Yellow, but it was lower in the East Sea. In 1990s when PDO was negative phase (-), T. pacificus catch showed opposite trend compared with 1980s. Such spatial and decadal fluctuations of T. pacificus catch were due to its northward migration along with the warm current or southward movement against the current. In the East Sea, strong (weak) warm current period, the current path has been shifted toward the East Sea coast of Korea (central East Sea or the coast of Japan). It has a correlation with PDO. In the positive PDO phase (1980s), the fishing ground was located on the eastern side of Ulleungdo, whereas during negative PDO phase (1990s), they were situated near the southeastern coast of the Korean peninsula. In the 1980s, volume transport passing into the Yellow Sea increased, whereas volume transport in the East Sea decreased. This is one of major reason increasing T. pacificus larvae in the Yellow Sea.

Changes of Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation incubated with antibiotics in the maternal venous plasma of pre-elampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preterm Labor(초)

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),( Sun Joo Choi ),( Jong Woon Kim ),( Hye Yon Cho ),( Sung Yeul Yang ),( Bong Whan Ahn ),( Tae Bok Song ),( Yoon Ha Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2009 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.95 No.-

만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부 양수 내 지질과산화 농도와 단백산화 촉진능 변화

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),김석모 ( Seok Mo Kim ),김철홍 ( Cheol Hong Kim ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),김종운 ( Jong Woon Kim ),강우대 ( Woo Dae Kang ),조혜연 ( Hye Yeon Cho ),박주미 ( Ju Mi Park ),김은경 ( Eun Kyoung Kim ),박서연 ( S 대한산부인과학회 2009 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.52 No.2

목적: 정상 및 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부의 양수 내 지질과산화도와 단백산화도의 차이를 비교하여 만삭 전 조기양막파열 때 양수 내 지질과산화와 단백산화 활성이 병태생리에 어떤 역할을 하는가 규명하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 임신 25주 이상 37주 미만의 정상 임부 20명과 조기양막파열 임부 20명으로부터 양수를 채취하였다. Thiobarbituric acid 반응을 이용하여 지질과산화물 농도를 측정하였고, 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine 방법을 이용하여 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량을 측정하였다. 양수 0.8 mL에 각 1 mM amoxacillin, erythromycin, cefodizime, moxalactam 0.2 mL를 5시간 동안 부치시킨 후 생성되는 지질과산화물과 단백질의 carbonyl기 함량을 측정하였다. 결과: 1. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군의 양수 내 지질과산화 기준치는 9.74±0.48 nmol/mg protein으로, 정상 임부군 7.20±0.38 nmol/mg protein보다 의의 있게 높았다(P<0.01). 2. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군의 양수 내 carbonyl기 기준함량은 13.0±0.33 nmol/mg protein으로, 정상 임부군 11.27±0.17 nmol/mg protein보다 의의 있게 높았다(P<0.01). 3. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군의 양수 내에서 moxalactam과 함께 부치시켰을 때 생성되는 지질과산화치는 12.08±0.81 nmol/mg protein, carbonyl기 함량은 20.08±0.66 nmol/mg protein으로 모두 기준치보다 의의 있게 높았다(P<0.01). 4. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군의 양수 내에서 cefodizime과 함께 부치시켰을 때 생성되는 지질과산화치는 5.04±0.33 nmol/mg protein, carbonyl기 함량은 9.76±0.35 nmol/mg protein으로 모두 기준치보다 의의 있게 낮았다(P<0.01). 5. 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부군의 양수 내에서 amoxacillin, erythromycin과 함께 부치시켰을 때 생성되는 지질과산화치와 carbonyl기 함량은 기준치와 서로 간에 유의한 차가 없었다. 결론: 만삭 전 조기양막파열 시 양수에서 지질과산화와 단백질의 산화적 변화가 증가되어 있으며, 또한 각 항생제에 부치 후 지질과산화물과 단백질의 산화적 변화가 있었다. 향후 이에 대한 추가 연구는 만삭 전 조기양막파열 임부에 적절한 항생제 선택하는데 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다. Objective: To investigate the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The protein carbonyl contents in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. After amniotic fluid of them were mixed and incubated up to 5 hours with 0.2 mL of 1mM moxalactam, cefodizime, amoxacillin, erythromycin, the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyl contents in them were measured. Results: 1. The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (9.74±0.48vs. 7.20±0.38nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 2. The protein carbonyl levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (13.0±0.33 vs. 11.27±0.17 nmol/mg protein P<0.01). 3. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than basal level (12.08±0.81 vs. 9.74±0.48 nmol/mg protein, 20.08±0.66 vs. 13.0±0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 4. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by cefodizime in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly lower than basal level (5.04±0.33 vs. 9.74±0.48 nmol/mg protein, 9.76±0.35 vs. 13.0±0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 5. There were no significant differences in the levels of lipid peroxide and protein carbonyls by amoxacillin and erythromycin in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM between antibiotics-induced and basal levels. Conclusion: The lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyls formation were increased in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Antibiotics-induced lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl levels were changed in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Further studies on our results may be beneficial in the selection of antibiotics for pregnant women with PPROM.

자간전증에서 제대정맥혈장내 interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, 및 항산화제 농도

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),송태복 ( Tae Bok Song ),박소정 ( So Jeong Park ),박지노 ( Ji No Park ),정광필 ( Kwang Pil Jeong ),김종운 ( Jong Woon Kim ),김석모 ( Seok Mo Kim ),김철홍 ( Cheol Hong Kim ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),김기민 ( 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.7

목적: 자간전증시 제대정맥혈장내 IL-6, TNF-α농도, 및 지질과산화정도를 파악하고, 항산화능과 항산화제 농도를 정상 임신군과 비교하여 자간전증의 병태생리에 어떤 역할을 하는 지 알고자한다. 연구방법: 임신 33주 이상의 정상 임부 20명과 자간전증 환자 20명으로부터 분만후 제대정맥혈액을 채취하여 원심분리 후 혈장을 얻었다. Enzyme-linked immunoassay를 이용하여 Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)를 측정하였고, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)반응을 이용하여 지질과산화 정도를 측정하였으며, Cao 등의 방법으로 항산화능 (oxygen-radical absorbance capacity, ORAC)을 측정하였고, high performance liquid chromatography를 이용하여 아스코르빈산, 요산, 레티놀, 알파-토코페롤 및 감마-토코페롤 농도를 측정하였다. 결과: 1. 정상임신군의 제대정맥혈장내 IL-6 농도는 2.79±0.21 ng/ml, 자간전증에서는 2.94±0.17 ng/ml으로 서로 간에 유의한 차가 없었다. 2. 정상임신군의 제대정맥혈장내 TNF-α 농도는 1.40±0.01 ng/ml, 자간전증에서는 3.04±0.01 ng/ml으로 자간전증군에서 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.01). 3. 정상임신군의 제대정맥혈장내 지질과산화물 농도는 5.18±0.14 nmol/mg protein, 자간전증에서는 7.32±0.09 nmol/mg protein으로 자간전증군에서 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.01). 4. 정상임신군의 제대정맥혈장내 항산화능은 12,836.5±249.4 U/ml, 자간전증군에서는 10,490.2±276.9 U/ml로 자간전증군에서 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 5. 정상 임신군의 제대정맥혈장내 아스코르빈산 농도는 538.5±68.2 nmol/ml, 자간전증군에서는 320.2±48.5 nmol/ml로 자간전증군에서 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 결론: 자간전증 환자의 제대정맥내에서 지질과산화치는 증가하고 항산화능은 정상임신군보다 의의있게 감소하였며 특히 아스코빈산, 즉 비타민 C가 감소하였다. 이는 자간전증이 산화촉진물과 항산화제의 불균형을 보이는 산화적 스트레스를 동반하는 소견이며, 자간전증 태반에서 활성화된 백혈구의 염증성반응으로 TNF-α가 증가하여 산화적 스트레스를 일으키는 한 원인으로 작용할 것이며, 결국 임부와 태아의 항산화능력에 영향을 미치고 이로 인하여 임상증상과 합병증들이 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있으리라 사료된다. Objective: Our purpose was to investigate Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), lipid peroxide levels, oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antioxidant levels in umbilical venous blood plasma and to evaluate the roles of them in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Study design: Samples of umbilical venous plasma were obtained from 20 normal and 20 preeclamptic women between 33 and 40 weeks gestation. IL-6 and TNF-α was assayed by an enzyme -linked immunoassay. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC values were measured by Cao`s method. Ascorbic acid, retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant differences of IL-6 levels in umbilical venous plasma between women with normal and preeclampsia (2.79±0.21 vs. 2.94±0.17 ng/ml). TNF-α levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with preeclampsia (3.04±0.01 vs. 1.40±0.01 ng/ml, p<0.01). Lipid peroxide levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (7.32±0.09 vs. 5.18±0.14, p<0.01). The ORAC values in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (12,836.5±249.4 vs. 10,490.2±276.9 U/ml, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than those of women with normal pregnancy (320.2±48.5 vs. 538.5±68.2 nmol/ml, p<0.05). Conclusion: The above results in umbilical venous plasma suggest that the imbalance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in placenta is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Increased TNF-a in the umbilical venous plasma showed inflammatory reaction in the placenta would be one of the cause of preclampsia. An antioxidant vitamin, ascorbic acid, may act an important antioxidant factor in preeclampsia

Color Flow Mapping과 Doppler Velocimetry를 이용한 태반 혈관종 진단

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),박현주 ( Hyun Jue Park ),양진양 ( Jin Yang Yang ),김주리 ( Ju Lee Kim ),김은경 ( Eun Kyung Kim ),송태복 ( Tae Bok Song ) 대한주산의학회 1994 Perinatology Vol.5 No.2