무위험 금리평형의 불균형: 금리․환율 개별 충격의 동태효과 분석

김윤영(Yun-Yeong Kim) 한국계량경제학회 2010 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY AND ECONOMETRICS Vol.21 No.2

본고에서는 외환위기 이후 우리나라의 무위험 금리 평형조건 (covered interest rate parity)의 불균형 오차 (disequilibrium error)와 국내외 금리 및 현ㆍ선물환율 개별충격과의 동태적 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 김윤영⋅박준용 (2008), Kim(2008, 2009), Kim and Park (2008), 김윤영 (2009)을 따라 무위험 금리평형을 구성하는 변수들을 개별적으로 모두 고려한 VAR 모형에서 유도된 변환 오차수정모형을 도입하였다. 충격반응, 그랜저 검정 등의 분석 결과 2000 년대 들어 우리나라의 무위험 금리평형 불균형 오차는 환율 보다는 주로 국내외 금리 부분에서의 충격에서 유발되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국내외 금리 및 현ㆍ선물환율 간의 장기 공적분 관계의 추정계수로 정의된 불균형 오차를 이용하여 동일한 동태분석을 실시한 경우와 구조모형의 식별 순서를 바꾼 경우에도 유사한 결과가 도출되었다. 그러나 무위험 금리평형 불균형 오차가 금리와 환율 변수에 미치는 영향은 분석 방법에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라의 경우 환율ㆍ외환 정책 보다는 통화정책이 더 무위험 금리평형의 불균형을 유발하는 요인이 될 수 있으므로 통화당국의 기준금리 결정시 이를 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다. This paper analyzes the dynsmics and determinants of disequilibrium error in the covered interest parity (CIP) thrpough the transformed error correction model following Kim and Park (2008), Kim (2008, 2009), Kim and Park (2008) and Kim (2009). According to the dynamic analyses including impulse response analyses and Granger causality test, I found the CIP disequilibrium error may be mainly caused not by the foreign exchange rate part but by the domestic and foreign interest part. However the dynamic effect of the CIP error to the interest rates and exchange rates was not meaningful. These results imply that there may be restrictions to hinder the arbitrage transaction to clear the CIP disequilibrium quickly. A restriction to this direction is the credit risk of Korean financial market and any policy reaction to reduce it may be necessary. For instance, any effort to inform the sound fundamentals of Korean economy in the international financial markets may be useful.

사상체질에 따른 신체적 증상에 관한 연구

김윤영,김호석,백영화,유종향,김상혁,장은수,Kim, Yun-Young,Kim, Ho-Seok,Baek, Young-Hwa,Yoo, Jong-Hyang,Kim, Sang-Hyuk,Jang, Eun-Su 사상체질의학회 2011 사상체질의학회지 Vol.23 No.3

1. Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to understand the differences between Sasang constitutional types and to identify the physical symptoms presentation specific to each Sasang constitutional type. 2. Methods: In this descriptive study, 2,629 subjects (1,061 Taeeum-type, 683 Soeum-type, 885 Soyang-type) were surveyed between Nov 1, 2007 and Jul 31, 2010. The subjective symptoms experienced by the subjects were collected using a Physical Symptoms questionnaire, and the subjects were interviewed by Sasang specialists who determined the subjects' constitutional type. The data (in crude number and percentage) was analyzed on the general characteristics, Sasang constitutional type, and physical symptoms using the SPSS 17.0 software. The symptomatic presentation in men and women were analyzed on Sasang constitutional distribution using the chi-square test. 3. Results: 1) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type were as follows: 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'lingering fatigue after sleep', 'headache', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration' and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type; and 'excessive forgetfulness' in the Soyang type. 2) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in men were as follows: 'Unilateral or bilateral headaches, 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'common cold symptoms presenting as rhinorrhea or nasal congestion', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 3) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in women were as follows: 'common cold symptoms presenting as headaches', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'pain in knees', 'redness of eyes', 'dryness of mouth', 'common cold symptoms presenting as coughing', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration', 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 4. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physical symptoms present in constitutional type-specific patterns. Understanding of the personal Sasang constitutional type and systematic, personalized healthcare based on constitutional typology is anticipated to contribute to improved health management strategy.

한방 임상연구 실무자들의 직무 및 스트레스에 관한 연구

김윤영,유종향,김호석,김윤정,김상혁,이시우,Kim, Yun-Young,Yoo, Jong-Hyang,Kim, Ho-Seok,Kim, Yun-Jeong,Kim, Sang-Hyuk,Lee, Si-Woo 사상체질의학회 2011 사상체질의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

1. Objectives: In this research, job and stress of the staffs who is working on clinical trial of oriental medicine involved in the project of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) was identified. And an efficient way to enhance the working ability of clinical trial of oriental medicine was developed by recognizing the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with their stress. 2. Methods: A survey was conducted on 18 staffs in 12 hospitals who is working in the project of The construction of constitutional information collecting system for the scientification of Sasang Constitution. The collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 17.0 3. Results: The research results are as follows: 1. The staffs of clinical trial of oriental medicine responded that they want to receive the rewards for their work with a salary, and they felt that through clinical demonstration followed by SOP and front face photograph are the most difficult works in clinical trial of oriental medicine. 2. Permanent workers showed higher organizational commitment than temporary workers in the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with general characteristics(p=0.026). 3. In the relationship of job stress with general characteristics, the workers who are higher than college graduates had dissatisfaction in salary with the highest frequency(p=.004), and the workers whose monthly salary is higher than 2 millions won showed the lowest job stress(p=.021). 4. In the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with job stress, as job apprehension stress is increased, job performance is dramatically decreased(p=.027). And as improper salary stress is increased, job satisfaction and organizational commitment is dramatically decreased (p=.018, p=.050). 4. Conclusions: It was clearly evidenced that job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance is closely related with stress of the staffs who is working on clinical trial of oriental medicine. And it is highly recommended that the improvement of working condition and the decrease of job stress can enhance the working ability of them.

외환위기 전후 원‧달러 환율의 불균형 오차 결정요인 분석

김윤영 (Yun-Yeong Kim) 한국계량경제학회 2008 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY AND ECONOMETRICS Vol.19 No.4

본고는 통화론적 환율결정모형과 Engle-Granger의 공적분이론에서 정의되는 원․달러 환율 불균형 오차의 결정요인을 외환위기 전․후 기간을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석 모형으로는 김윤영‧박준용 (2007)을 따라 VAR 모형을 변환한 후 불균형 오차의 동태 방정식을 유도하여 사용하였으며, 이 방법은 오차수정모형 (error correction model)과 비교하여 불균형 오차의 발생요인 분해, 안정성(stationarity) 검정과 실물경제 변수와의 상호영향분석에 장점을 지니고 있다. 실증 분석 결과는 환율 변동성의 축소와 실물경제의 안정 성장이 서로 상치되는 정책목표일 수도 있음을 시사하고 있다. 즉 정책 당국의 개입비중이 컸던 외환위기 전의 경우 외환시장의 불균형이 발생하였을 경우 조정되는 속도는 외환위기 후에 비해 빨랐으나 이로 인한 환율의 왜곡이 성장률 등 실물경제에 부정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 외환위기 이후 자유변동환율제 실시로 환율 결정이 거시경제 변수 등 시장의 수급 요인에 의해 주로 결정됨에 따라 외환시장의 불균형이 발생하였을 경우 조정되는 속도는 외환위기 전에 비해 느려졌으나 성장률 등 실물경제에 미치는 부정적인 영향은 줄어든 것으로 보인다. The paper analyzes whether there was any change in the dynamics of disequilibrium error of Korean Won-Dollar foreign exchange rates before and after Asian financial crisis. We used a transformed error correction model where the dependent variable is the disequilibrium error deduced from the cointegration theory, following Kim and Park (2008). The long run equilibrium of exchange rate is basically defined from the monetary approach. From the estimation using the data for the period before the Asian financial crisis, we found there was the negative effect of exchange rate disequilibrium shock on the real growth rate, even though the disequilibrium error has been quickly disappeared probably through the government intervention. After the crisis, the disequilibrium error of exchange rate did not disappear quickly possibly due to the choice of free floating system. However the detrimental effect of disequilibrium shock for the real growth rate has been mitigated. The result confirms a policy dilemma that is a trade-off between the exchange rate stabilization and sound growth in the real sector which may not be attained simultaneously.

성인 여성의 사상체질에 따른 변비 유발과 생활습관 차이

김윤영,박기현,장은수,유종향,Kim, Yunyoung,Park, Kihyun,Jang, Eunsu,Yoo, Jonghyang 사상체질의학회 2015 사상체질의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives In this research, the difference of constipation according to the constitution was identified for healthy adult female, and oriental medical methods for prevention and treatment of constipation was sought by comparing constitution and lift style. Methods Total 604 adult female subjects who were older than 20 years were invited for the research from Apr. 2010 to Oct. 2010, and their constitutions and life style were diagnosed. The collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 19.0. Results In the results, Taeumin group was diagnosed to have the highest number of constipation (p<.017), and they answered with the highest frequency in terms of "eat a lot" and "eat irregularly" (p<.009) than other constitution groups. It was also found that 44.5% of Taeumin eats food very fast (p<.034), and Taeumin drinks lots of water (p<.003). However, Soumin showed the highest frequency of "indigestion" (p<.000) and "fatigue" (p<.003) than other constitution groups. Conclusions In conclusion, life style as well as the innate characteristic of constitution is important for the prevention of constipation. Therefore, it is suggested to understand the inherent differences of constitution and to care health by correctly identifying their own constitution.

수면중 간질발작을 주소로 하는 증후성 간질 환아 증례 보고

김윤영,민상연,김장현,Kim, Yoon-Young,Min, Sang-Yeon,Kim, Jang-Hyun 대한한방소아과학회 2009 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case which gave various remarkable epilepsy treatment results by using oriental medicine. Methods We treated the patient with acupuncture as a main treatment and herbal medicine. We also recommended to the patient and patient's parents to continue oriental medical treatment for 2 years from now because symptomatic epilepsy is a type of disease which needs long term care. Results The epileptic seizure has been well controlled for 12 months so far, and the results was recorded by EEG. The EEG level was in normal range. Conclusions Even though this is only one case of the study but this case has an important meaning because the epilepsy was treated by oriental medicine, especially acupuncture treatment. The control of the symptomatic epileptic seizure was effective by means of increasing patient's quality of life. Further studies about effective treatment of symptomatic epilepsy would be needed with more various cases.

일본인 대상자의 사상체질별 소증, 병증 특성에 관한 연구

김윤영,유종향,김호석,이시우,Kim, Yun-Young,Yoo, Jong-Hyang,Kim, Ho-Suk,Lee, Si-Woo 사상체질의학회 2012 사상체질의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives In this research, the constitutional diagnosis based on the theory of Sasang constitutions were carried out to Japanese subjects living in Japan, and the external applicability of Sasang constitutional medicine was evaluated by analyzing the physiological symptoms and the pathological symptoms according to their constitutions. Methods Total 144 Japanese subjects who live in S city were invited from Mar. 2010 to Jul. 2011 for the research, and their constitutions were analyzed with constitution diagnosing tool that was developed by Korean institution of oriental medicine (KIOM) in 2011. The collected data was analyzed in terms of the physiological symptoms and the pathological symptoms according to the sasang constitutions with computer software of SPSS 17.0. Results In the physiological symptoms related to excrements, Soyangin more frequently did not have excrements of gold color (p=.034) and feel the tenesmus (p=.047) than the subjects of other constitutions. In the physiological symptoms related to cold & heat, Soyangin more frequently felt cold in feet and hands (p=.011), and Soeumin more frequently didn't like drinking water regardless of thirst (p=.017). In the physiological symptoms, Soyangin frequently felt dryness in eyes, and Taeumin frequently felt uncomfortable because of the phlegm. Conclusions The theory of Sasang constitution which is a Korean traditional medicine can also be applied to the health care of Japanese, and it can contribute to the health promotion of Japanese subjects.

필용방감길탕이 기도 뮤신의 분비, 생성, 유전자 발현 및 점액 과다 분비에 미치는 영향

김윤영,민상연,김장현,Kim, Yoon Young,Min, Sang Yeon,Kim, Jang Hyun 대한한방소아과학회 2014 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives In this study, the author tried to investigate whether piryongbang-gamgil-tang (PGGT) significantly affect in vitro airway mucin secretion, PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats. Materials and Methods For in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of PGGT to assess the effect of PGGT on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGFor TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of PGGT and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24 hrs, to assess both effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production by ELISA and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered PGGT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assesed by using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicities of PGGT in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of PGGT were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering PGGT orally. Results (1) PGGT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. (2) PGGT significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. (3) PGGT decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances and showed the tendency of expectorating airway mucus already produced. (4) PGGT increased LDH release from RTSE cells. However, PGGT did not show in vivo liver and kidney toxicities and cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion The result from this study suggests that PGGT can regulate the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effect of PGGT with their components should be further studied using animal experimental models that reflect the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases through future investigations.

열-가압을 이용한 금속 도재관과 전통적인 금속 도재관의 변연 적합도 비교 연구

김윤영,박윈희,유동엽,이영수,Kim, Yoon-Young,Park, Won-Hee,Yoo, Dong-Yeob,Lee, Young-Soo 대한치과보철학회 2010 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.48 No.4

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 전통적인 금속 도재관과 열-가압을 이용한 금속-도재관의 변연 적합도를 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 상악 제1소구치 레진 치아를 교합면 2.0 mm, 협, 설면과 인접면을 1.0 mm 두께로 삭제하였으며, 변연 형태는 chamfer margin으로 그리고 축면 경사는 6도 taper로 삭제하였다. 삭제한 레진치를 복제하여 금속 다이 20개를 제작하였고, 이 금속 다이를 인상 채득하여 작업을 위한 석고 다이를 제작하였다. 금속 도재관과 $PoM^{(R)}$ 시스템 (Ivoclar vivadent., Liechtenstein)의 두 그룹으로 나누어 금속 코핑을 각각 10개씩 총 20개를 제작하였으며, 광학 현미경을 이용하여 변연 간격을 측정하였다. 도재 축성 후, 위와 동일한 방법으로 변연 간격을 측정하였다. 통계 처리는 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test와 Mann Whitney U test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 금속 도재관은 코핑 상태 ($64.93{\pm}12.48\;{\mu}m$)와 도재 축성 후 ($63.43{\pm}12.86\;{\mu}m$)의 변연 간격에 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. $PoM^{(R)}$ 시스템은 코핑 상태 ($50.00{\pm}12.28\;{\mu}m$)와도재축성후($56.72{\pm}13.80\;{\mu}m$)의 변연 간격에 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 금속 도재관과 $PoM^{(R)}$ 시스템 변연 간격은 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: $PoM^{(R)}$시스템은 왁스 소결법을 이용해 변화가 적은 기술적인 이점이 있으며, 세밀한 기술을 요구하는 축성 방법과는 대조적으로 왁스 성형으로 도재의 완전한 형태를 만들 수 있는 편리함을 제공하는 장점을 가진다. 본 연구 결과와 이런 장점을 토대로 앞으로 임상적 사용을 고려해 볼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal adaptation of a ceramic-pressed-to-metal restoration with traditional metal-ceramic restoration. Materials and methods: Duplicating the prepared resin tooth, 20 metal dies were fabricated. Twenty metal copings of 2 groups which were metal ceramic restoration and pressed to metal restoration were fabricated. The marginal opening of each coping was measured with Microscope (BX 60M-36E $41D^{(R)}$: Olympus, Japan). After porcelain build-up, the marginal opening of metal ceramic restoration and pressed to metal restoration ($PoM^{(R)}$: Ivoclar vivadent., Liechtenstein) were also evaluated in the same method. The measurements were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Within the limits of this study, the results were as follows. 1. Metal-ceramic restorations in coping state ($64.93{\pm}12.48\;{\mu}m$) in compared with Metal ceramic restorations after porcelain build-up ($63.43{\pm}12.86\;{\mu}m$) had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. 2. Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations in coping state ($50.00{\pm}12.28\;{\mu}m$) in compared with Pressed metal ceramic restorations after porcelain build-up ($56.72{\pm}13.80\;{\mu}m$) had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. 3. Metal-ceramic restorations in compared Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. Conclusion: Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations have the advantage of being technically less change through using of the lost-wax technique and this allows for the convenience of a full-contour ceramic wax-up as opposed to the more technique-sensitive layering method. Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations may be considered in clinic on the basis of the result of this study and the advantage of this system.

The Effect of the Aspect Ratio on the Natural Frequency of the Advanced Composite Structures

김윤영,한봉구,Kim, Yun Young,Han, Bong Koo Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures 2014 복합신소재학회논문집 Vol.5 No.4

In this paper. the effects of the aspect ratio on the natural frequency of the advanced composite road structures is studied. The advanced composite structures are too difficult for such design engineers for construction and some simple but accurate enough methods are necessary. Some laminate orientations have decreasing values of $D_{16}$, $B_{16}$, $D_{26}$ and $B_{26}$ stiffnesses as the ply number increases. The plate aspect ratio considered is from 1 to 5. Most of the road structures have large aspect ratios, for such cases further simplification is possible by neglecting the effect of the longitudinal moment terms.