키토산을 이용한 아토피 치료용 제형 개발 및 효능 평가

金元錫 順天大學校大學院 2016 국내박사

아토피 피부염은 유아기 혹은 소아기부터 성인에 이르기까지 발병되는 만성 염증성 피부질환으로 심한 소양증과 함께 피부 건조증, 특징적인 습진 증상을 동반한다. 아토피 피부염은 피부에 나타나는 증상이 주된 것은 사실이지만 그 밖에 많은 면역학적 요인에도 관여되는 것으로 보고되어 지고 있다. 학계에서는 그 원인을 T림프구의 면역학적 이상이나 백혈구의 비면역학적인 이상으로 보고 있으나 현재까지도 명백하게 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 현재 아토피를 유발하는 원인으로는 유전적 요인, 음식, 환경, 면역체계 및 심리적문제 등으로 추정되고 있는데 그 원인이 분명하지 않기 때문에 많은 관심과 연구를 통해 원인을 밝히고, 아토피를 개선할 수 있는 치료제 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 아토피 피부염의 2차 감염 예방 및 개선을 위해 항균 활성 및 상처 치료 효과를 가지는 천연 고분자인 키토산을 이용하여 아토피 치료 가능성을 확인하고, 화장품 제형을 제조하여 그 효과를 규명 하고자 하였다. 아토피 피부염의 2차 감염 예방 및 관리를 위한 제재 연구를 위해 다양한 분자량과 좁은 분자량 분포를 갖는 수용성 키토산을 평막시스템을 이용하여 제조하였다. 분획된 수용성 키토산이 평막시스템을 이용하여 분획하는 과정에서 분해가 이루어지지 않은 것을 1H NMR분석을 통한 구조 분석으로 확인하였고, 겔투과크로마토그래피 (GPC-MALLS) 분석을 통하여 분획된 키토산의 분자량과 PDI값을 확인함으로써 분자량분포를 규명 하였다. 열중량 분석기를 통하여 분획된 수용성 키토산의 회분 및 수분함량이 극히 미량 존재하는 것을 확인함으로써 순수한 키토산이 제조되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 항균활성 특성 및 면역 활성을 갖는 수용성 키토산(WC, Mw: 10kDa)을 아토피가 유발된 동물에 적용 시켜서 아토피 개선효과를 규명함으로써 아토피 개선 소재로 활용 가능성을 제시하였다. WC의 아토피 개선 효능은 아토피 치료제로서 가장 효과가 좋은 약물인 엘리델과 비교하여 아토피 개선 효과를 규명하였다. 아토피 점수 및 스크래칭 거동 등과 같은 관능평가 결과 WC 처리군이 약물대조군보다 우수하거나 비슷한 아토피 개선 효과를 보였다. 또한 아토피 유발 동물의 사이토카인 결과에서도 WC를 처리한 군에서 우수한 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 병변 부위의 조직 검사에서도 아토피 치료 약물과 동일한 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 항균 효과를 갖는 키토산을 이용하여 미스트와 로션 제형의 아토피 개선 및 완화용 화장품을 제조하고 이들의 아토피 개선효과를 규명하였다. 이들의 효능은 아토피 치료제로서 가장 효과가 좋은 약물인 엘리델과 비교하였다. 아토피 점수 및 스크래칭 거동 등과 같은 관능평가결과 약물대조군 보다 우수하거나 비슷한 아토피 개선 효과를 보였다. 또한 아토피 유발 동물의 혈구 분석 및 사이토카인 결과에서도 약물과 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 본 연구에서 제시한 키토산이 포함되어 있는 미스트, 로션 등의 화장품 제형이 약물에 의해 발생할 수 있는 내성 문제를 해결함과 동시에 아토피 피부염을 지속적으로 개선할 수 있는 소재가 될 것으로 사료된다. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs in infancy or childhood and develops into an adult, accompanied by severe pruritus, dry skin, and characteristic eczema symptoms. Atopic dermatitis is a major cause of skin symptoms, but many other immune factors are reported to be involved. In many previous studies, the cause of atopy is considered as immunological abnormality of T lymphocyte or nonimmunological abnormality of leukocyte, but it is still unclear to this day. The causes of atopy are presumed to be caused by genetic factors, food, environment, immune system, and psychological problems. Since the cause is not clear, development is needed. For this reason, the aim of this study is to identify the possibility of atopy treatment using chitosan, a natural polymer having antimicrobial activity and wound healing effect, to prevent and cure secondary infection of atopic dermatitis. The water soluble chitosan (WC)s having certain molecular weight with narrow molecular weight distribution were prepared by using a plate membrane system and used for the study of prevention and control of secondary infection of atopic dermatitis. Structural analysis using 1H NMR showed that fractionated WC was not decomposed during the fractionation using the plate membrane system. And the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of fractionated chitosan were confirmed by GPC MALLS. The water and ash contents were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer, these results reveled that fractionated chitosan is high purity including very lower them. Particularly, WC with molecular weight 10 kDa among fractionated chitonsan was highly antimicrobial activity and immunity effect. Therefore, it was suggested to possibility of novel material for atopic dermatitis treatment by investigating to therapeutic effect against to the atopy animal model, in vivo. The therapeutic effect of WC was compared with Elidel the most effective drug for atopic dermatitis. Sensory evaluation such as atopic score and scratching behavior results, WC was showed good and/or same to drug control. Furthermore, it was confirmed that WC is high improving of therapeutic atopic dermatitis by analysis of cytokine in the atopy animal model. Also, H&E study revealed that therapy effect of WC is same to drug controls. The cosmetic formulation for the improvement and relief of atopic symptoms were prepared to in the form of mist and lotion using chitosan with antimicrobial effects. The therapeutic effect of them was compared with Elidel the most effective drug for atopic dermatitis. Sensory evaluation such as atopic score and scratching behavior results, mist and lotion were showed good and/or same to drug control. It was confirmed that mist and lotion are high improving of therapeutic atopic dermatitis by hematology analysis and cytokine analysis in the atopy animal model. Furthermore, skin irritation experimental results against to rabbit showed that cosmetic formulation prepared in this study don’t any impact on the skin. These results suggest that WC and cosmetic formulation included WC are good candidate as a materials for atopic dermatitis therapy and/or relief.

태양열과 태양열-지열 하이브리드 이산화탄소 열펌프 시스템의 성능에 관한 해석적 연구

김원석 조선대학교 2011 국내석사

Recently, global warming problem and energy crisis aroused great interest in alternative energy supplies. This is especially true for South Korea that badly depends on imported energy resources. However, most alternative energy technologies are faced with difficulties when it comes to application for community facilities because of the regional restrictions and operating cost. Therefore, researches on energy saving and optimal operation of residential heat pump systems are urgently required. To this end, using renewable energy (e.g. solar and geothermal) for refrigeration becomes increasingly important and draws considerable attention. As for working fluids, carbon dioxide is a natural climate-friendly refrigerant as it does not deplete ozone layer and has a low direct global warming potential with reference value 1. Generally, the performance of a heat pump using carbon dioxide is lower than that of a system using a subcritical refrigerant because of large irreversibility during compression and gascooling. Moreover, system reliability is very low due to large performance variations with operating conditions. Hence, studies on system performance according to various heat sources have carried out continuously. For efficient use of the CO2 heat pump an optimal operation control method is required in order to save energy and increase reliability. To address these problems, the performance data of the CO2 heat pump have been analysed against the pump operating temperature. In this study, the analytical model of S-HCHP(solar hybrid CO2 heat pump) system and the SG-HCHP(solar-geothermal CO2 heat pump) system for residential heating were developed to compare the system performance for given operating condition. A simulation study on S-HCHP and SG-HCHP system for residential applications were carried out for varying operating conditions. The system consists of a solar system(concentric evacuated tube solar collector and heat storage tank) and a CO2 heat pump system(double-pipe heat exchanger, fin-tube heat exchanger, electric expansion valve, and compressor). In the simulation of S-HCHP system, the solar collector efficiency and solar collector heat were decreased by 7.6% and 2.7 kWh, respectively, when the heat pump operating temperature rose by 2oC. As the outdoor temperature rose by 2oC, the heat pump heating COP increased by 6.5% and heating load decreased by 7.6%, on average. Also, the heating load increased by 14.3% with a rise of indoor setting temperature of 2oC. The solar hybrid CO2 heat pump system in this study had maximum solar fraction of 24.5%. In the simulation of SG-HCHP system, when the heat pump operating temperature rises from 40oC to 48oC, the heating COP is decreased from 2.77 to 2.12, heating time is reduced about 40%, and heat pump operating time is increased about 1.7 hours due to the increase of the compressor pressure ratio. In addition to, the heat pump COP is increased about 6.5% and heat fraction of heat pump is increased by 5.1% as the ground temperature increased from 11oC to 19oC, The system performance can be improved by adapting geothermal system into a solar hybrid heat pump. The comparison study of performance characteristics between the S-HCHP system and the SG-HCHP system was performed with heat pump operating temperature. As a result, the compressor work and heating capacity of the SG-HCHP system decreased and increased compared to those of the S-HCHP system, resulting that the heating performance of the SG-HCHP system improved. For basic operating condition, the heating performance of the SG-HCHP and S-HCHP system was 2.405 and 1.91, respectively. Besides, increment of compressor work of the S-HCHP system was lower by 9.1% than that of the SG-HCHP system. The heating COP of the SG-HCHP system improved approximately 2.6% compared to that of the S-HCHP system. Therefore, the SG-HCHP system has a good performance and a high reliability for residential application with various operating conditions. Throughout this study, we will provide basic performance data for S-HCHP system and SG-HCHP system, and the optimal control of the operation parameter to maintain high performance.

휴믹산 (Humic Acid)과 이온强度에 따른 埋立地 遮水材 벤토나이트의 汚染物質 制御能 및 遮水機能 變化硏究

金原奭 충남대학교 2000 국내석사

Humic substance comprise a general class of biogenic, refractory, yellow-black organic substances present throughout terrestrial and aquatic environments. These substances are one of important factors in soil particle agglomeration. Futhermore, they are thought to be one of the major actuator for the transport of metal ions in the environment. Humic substances has been shown to be heterogeneous, consisting of numerous oxygen-containing functional groups and fractions(humic acid, fulvic acid and humin) with different molecular weights. There chemical functional groups include acids (primarily carboxylic and phenolic), carbonyl, hydroxyl and others. Fulvic acid has low molecular weight, contain more acidic groups and higher oxygen content but less carbon. In contrast to fulvic acid, humic acid has higher molecular weight and less oxygen content. In this study, the adsorption of soil humic acid to Na-bentonite, the change on surface charge due to adsorption were investigated in dilute aqueous solution and the change of heavy metal (copper, lead, zinc) adsorption capacity due to the addition of humic acid was also investigated. From the study, following conclusions were obtained: 1) The pH dependence (pH 3 - 11) of humic acid adsorption to Na-bentonite in a background electrolytes (NaClO₄) was studied in batch experiment mode at three different ionic strength (0, 0.01, and 0.1M) and humic acid concentration (0, 10 and 20 mg/l). Increased sorption of humic acid with decreased pH and/or increased ionic strength was found. 2) The removal rate of heavy metal on Na-bentonite without humic acid was found to be in the following order: Pb > Cu > Zn 3) The removal rate of heavy metal on Na-bentonite with/without humic acid was higher at low pH and ionic strength than at pH and ionic strength. 4) The removal rate of nitrate in humic acid solution was nearly zero. 5) Electrophoretic mobility measurements showed that Na-bentonite (on 0.1M electrolyte) has positive net total particle surface charge at low pH and negative surface charge at high pH, with an zero point of charge (ZPC) at pH 4.8. By increasing the amount of humic acid sorbed to Na-bentonite surface, the electrophoretic mobility was generally shifted to more negative value. Above results reveal that the removal rate of heavy metal in humic acid landfill solution are decreasing. From the above point of conclusion, it can be figured out that the mobility of heavy metal in leachate is increased due to the high amount of humic and fulvic acid in leachate.

Identifying factors associated with self-rated health according to age at onset of disability

김원석 서울대학교 보건대학원 2011 국내석사

사무소 건물의 조광제어시스템 적용에 따른 에너지 소비량 변화 특성에 관한 연구

김원석 동의대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

20세기 이후, 에너지 소비의 증가로 인해 석유에너지의 고갈 및 환경문제가 세계적인 차원의 문제로 인식되고 있으며 세계 각국에서 건물에서 소비되는 에너지를 줄이기 위한 노력들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 사무소 건물은 에너지 총사용량의 약 60%를 냉난방 및 조명에너지가 차지하고 있으며 이에 따른 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 특히 건물에서의 주광의 효율적인 유입은 건물의 에너지 절약뿐만 아니라 인간의 생체적․심리적으로 상당한 시너지 효과를 가지고 있기 때문에 건축 조명 분야에서는 주광을 적극적으로 활용하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 하지만 건물에서의 조명에너지 사용량은 최종적으로 열에너지로 전환되어 건물의 냉난방부하 부하 패턴에 직접적으로 영향을 끼친다. 또한 건물의 주광과 관련된 빛 환경 평가와 열환경 평가는 대부분 각각의 분야로서 연구가 진행되고 있으며 통합적인 연구가 진행되고 있지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구에서 사무소 건물에서 조광제어를 적용할 경우 조명에너지 절약률과 냉난방에너지 소비량의 변화 특성을 연구하는데 중점을 두었다. 또한 건물의 조명에너지와 냉난방에너지 소비량에 공통적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자로 건물의 장단변비와 창면적비를 선정하였으며 건물의 총체적인 에너지 사용량을 분석하여 향후 건물의 에너지 절약 설계에서 고려되는 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다.

패션산업 마케칭 전략에 관한 연구

김원석 1993 국내석사

E.cole와 staphylococcus aureus가 精子運動性에 미치는 影響

김원석 忠南大學校 1982 국내석사

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sperm motility by E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus which were possible cause of infertility by genitourinary tract infection. Human spermatozoa, from 42 cases of healthy medical students, were exposed to E. coli (30 cases) and Staphylococcus aureus (12 cases) varying dilutions from 10^4, 10^5, 10^6colonies/ml. of normal saline and broth solution. Spermatozoal numerical motility scale devised by Emmens was checked at the serial time of hours in vitro. The following results were obtained: 1. Sperm motility of control groups among pure semen, semen with normal saline, semen with broth solution and semen with broth extract contained endotoxin were no significant differences. 2. A sinificantly decreased sperm motility ensued in E. coli experimental groups than those of control groups. And the more bacteria concentrated the more significant decrease of sperm motility was observed. 3. There were no significant differences between control group and exprimental groups in Staphylococus aureus.

시뮬레이션을 통한 유체 흐름과 퇴적물 이동의 수치해석 방법 연구 : 인공 저수지의 퇴적환경 모사를 중심으로

김원석 연세대학교 대학원 2000 국내석사

댐이 건설되면 그 상류와 하류에, 건설 전과는 다른 지질 및 수리 환경이 조성된다. 본 연구에서는 댐 건설 이후 인공 저수지의 생성으로 인해, 건설 전의 평형 상태가 깨어지고, 이에 따라 하천이 대응하는 양상을 지질학적인 측면에서 모사하였다. 본 연구는 퇴적환경 복원 및 예측 프로그램인 SEDSIM(Tetzlaff and Harbaugh, 1989)에 기초를 두고 새롭게 유체 운동 추적자(Momentum tracers)의 개념을 사용한 SEDSIM2(Chin, 1997)를 이용하여 수행되었다. 하천의 퇴적환경 모사를 위하여, 모사 기간, 모사 시간 간격, 모사 지역의 등고자료, 유체 밀도, 매닝의 계수(Manning's coefficient), 퇴적물의 구성성분과 밀도, 입도의 수와 각 입도의 크기, 유체와 퇴적물을 모사구간 내로 유입시키는 근원지의 위치, 퇴적물과 유체의 유입 기간, 각 유입 기간의 유량, 결과 출력 시간간격 등의 입력 자료가 필요하다. 입력된 등고 자료에 의해 초기 지형을 형성하고, 근원지에서 모사구간으로 유체와 퇴적물이 유입되면, 유체는 연속 방정식과 운동 방정식에 기초한 Navier-Stokes 방정식에 따라 계산되어지고 여기에 Runge-Kutta 방법을 첨가하여 더욱 안정된 분석을 하게 된다. 유체에 의해 운반되어지는 퇴적물은 전단 응력과 입자침전속도 등을 고려하여 뜬짐과 밑짐으로 나뉘어 침식작용과 퇴적작용의 여부를 평가하게 된다. 침식작용과 퇴적작용에 따라 모사 지역의 등고 자료가 갱신된다. 퇴적물에 있어서도 질량보존의 법칙을 따르며 연속성을 유지한다. 특히 기존의 모사 프로그램과 달리, 뜬짐과 밑짐의 운반 방정식을 달리 계산함으로써 퇴적환경 모사에 정확성을 더하였다. 저수지로 유입되는 퇴적물에 대한 정확한 예측은 하천에 댐을 계획하는 경우 그 계획댐 저수지의 퇴적, 운반, 침식작용에 대한 관계를 설계하는데 필수 요소이다. 즉, 미래의 저수위, 저수용량과 시간과의 관계 곡선을 결정하고 댐의 사수위를 결정하는데 중요한 기본 자료가 된다. SEDSIM2를 이용하여 인공 저수지 내로 유입되는 퇴적물의 공간 퇴적분포와 하상고 변화양상의 예측은 댐 구조물 및 취수구와 같은 수리구조물의 안정, 퇴적물의 거동에 따른 자연 재해의 예방, 저수지 준설 및 입도 분포에 따른 하상 구성재료의 활용 등의 기초자료가 될 것이다. By damming off the flow of the river, an artificial lake is created and the geological and fluid mechanical environments around dam is changed. This study shows a simulation of channel response to unstable change due to damming by using SEDSIM2 program which reconstructs and simulates sedimentary environment. SEDSIM2 which solves flow transport by using momentum tracers, is an advanced version of SEDSIM. Total simulation time, time step, initial topography, fluid density, Manning's coefficient, sediment composition and density, grain size, sediment concentration, and discharge time and rate etc, are needed for simulating sedimentary environment of channel. Initial topography is formed by input topographic data. When fluid and sediment enter the location of study area, they are simulated by simplified Navier-Stokes equation. The second-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the continuity and momentum equation providing second-order accuracy in both time and space. In SEDSIM2, bedload and suspended load are treated separately unlike other sedimentary process simulation program. Therefore the simulation results are considered to be more accurate when compared with those by other simulation programs. According to fluid transport and sedimentary process, output data are stored and updated at each time step. For the planning and design of dam, it is necessary to predict sedimentary processes of artificial lake such as deposition, transportation, and erosion etc. : It is needed to predict relationship between flow depth and storage capacity in order to decide D. S. L(Dead Storage Level). Predicting three dimensional characteristics of bed topography and sedimentary distribution in artificial lake by using SEDSIM2 program, can be used as basic data for the stability of dam and related constructions, prevention of floods, dredging and use of channel bed material.

스포츠 스타를 모델로 한 광고의 효과에 관한 연구 : 제품유형과 스포츠 관여도를 중심으로

김원석 서강대학교 대학원 1998 국내석사

밤나무임지의 토양개량제 처리에 따른 토양특성 변화

김원석 진주산업대학교 산업대학원 2010 국내석사

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of soil conditioner treatments in chestnut cultivated stands in Jinju-city and Sancheong-gun, Gyeongnam province. The chestnet cultivated stands were treated with four fertilization (organic fertilizer 20kg/tree, compound fertilizer 4kg + woody charcoal 2kg/tree, lime fertilizer 3kg/tree, and compound fertilizer 1kg+organic fertilizer 10kg + woody charcoal 1kg/tree) and control treatments. The soil type was reddish brown dry forest soil in Jinju and slightly wet brown forest soil in Sancheong. Soil property in chestnut cultivated stands was changed following soil conditioner treatments. Soil liquid phase in Jinju was increased after soil conditioner treatments, while soil bulk density, solid phase and air phase in Sancheong and Jinju were not changed following soil conditioner treatments. Soil pH following soil conditioner treatments was increased 0.17 - 0.42 units except for compound fertilizer treatment. However, organic carbon and total nitrogen content were not changed following soil conditioner treatments. Calcium and magnesium concentrations following soil conditioner treatments were increased in Jinju, but the concentration was not affected by soil conditioner treatments in Sancheong. The result indicated that the soil property following soil conditioner treatments was more changed in Jinju than in Sancheong.