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창업요인이 경쟁우위와 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
김예정,오영호 한국경영실무학회 2020 한국경영실무학회지 Vol.6 No.2
본 연구는 창업요인의 경험, 자금조달능력, 마케팅능력이 경쟁우위와 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 분석결과 첫째, 경험은 경쟁우위에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자금조달능력은 경쟁우위에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 설문대상자가 초기창업 을 경영하는 대상자들이 많아 정부자금 등의 타인자본금을 활용하지 못한 현실적인 부분이 반영된 결과라고 판단된다. 셋째, 마케팅능력은 경쟁우위에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 경쟁우위는 경영성과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 요약해 보면, 창업자의 경험 및 마케팅경영관리경험, 업종경험 등은 창업요인의 중요한 영향이 될 수 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 마케팅능력을 활용하여 차별화된 경쟁우위 및 원가경 쟁우위를 통해 재무성과에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 창업자는 사업아이템을 선정할 때 창업자의 경험을 토대로 철저한 준비과정을 통해 사전 준비과정의 중요성을 인지하고, 정부는 창업가의 역량을 향상시키기 위한 창업교육, 사업컨설팅 등 의 체계적인 프로세스를 구축하여 성공적인 창업이 이뤄질 수 있도록 지원해야 할 것으로 사료된 다. 또한 창업자는 창업사전 준비과정을 철저히 분석하고 검토하여 성공적인 창업을 이룰 수 있는 밑거름이 되어야 할 것이다. Due to the long-term recession of the domestic economy and the increase in the minimum hourly wage, the situation in the job market is getting worse, resulting in the fact that the unemployment rate is increasing and that the employment difficulties of young people are becoming serious social problems. In this regard, this study aims to pursue differentiated research objectives and results by analyzing the effects of entrepreneurial experiences (management experience, industry experience and start-up experience), financing capability of having a critical importance to the survival of businesses and marketing capability on the competitive advantage and business performance. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, entrepreneurial experiences have a positive (+) effect on competitive advantage, meaning that they are an important factor to achieving the competitive advantage. Second, it was found that the financing capability does not seem to significantly affect the competitive advantage. This result is primarily due to the fact that most of the survey respondents are new start-ups and thus they have the difficulty in raising fund by themselves. What is worse, since the government start-up support system operates in the form of collateralized loan, it is not easy for them to obtain financial support from government. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the government's support system by establishing the fund for start-ups, so that the entrepreneurs can successfully start up without the difficulty of financing. Third, marketing capability has a positive effect on the competitive advantage. This result means that a variety of marketing strategies to satisfy customers' needs are very crucial to the competitive advantage. Fourth, competitive advantage has a positive (+) effect on the business performance. This result implies that product and service differentiation strategies ultimately affect business results such as sales and net profit. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that entrepreneurs can gain a competitive advantage if they have differentiated marketing capability based on their own experiences, which ultimately has a positive effect on the business performance. In addition, regarding the financing, which is one of the biggest difficulties in the initial start-ups, it is necessary to innovate the government support policy such as the establishment of the fund for start-ups so that the entrepreneurs can overcome this problem and start up the successful businesses.
중소병원 간호사의 개인성격특성, 조직성격특성이 직무만족, 조직몰입에 미치는 영향
김예정,유정희,조유리,임지영,Kim, Ye Jung,Yoo, Jung Hee,Joe, You Ri,Lim, Ji Young 한국가정간호학회 2018 가정간호학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify how personality characteristics of individuals and organizations influence nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment in small-medium sized hospitals. Methods: Subjects were 186 nurses with more than one year working experience. They currently worked in four small-medium sized hospitals specialized in spinal surgery. Data were collected from June 13 to July 12, 2016 using self-recorded questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: Among individual personality characteristics, extroversion significantly affected job satisfaction; on the other hand, extroversion and openness affected organizational commitment. In the meantime, organizational characteristics did not present statistical effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Conclusion: Based on these results, we found that extroversion and openness had statistically significant influences on nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment in small-medium sized hospitals. Therefore, when hospitals recruit nurses, we recommend considering their personality traits in order to increase compliance with duties and organizational characteristics.
창업의지 및 자금조달과 사업능력이 재무성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 포항지역 소상공인을 중심으로
김예정 한국국제회계학회 2019 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.85
With the continued growth without employment under the uncertain economic environment recently, start-ups have become a necessity, not an option. Start-ups have become a useful means of creating jobs, and in this regard, the number of start-ups of small-scale has increased. This study analyzes (1) the effect of entrepreneurial intention on the business ability and financial performance, (2) the effect of financing on the business ability and financial performance, and (3) the effect of business ability on the financial performance. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it was found that the entrepreneurial intention has a positive (+) effect on the business ability and financial performance. This means that the entrepreneur's strong intention in the process of starting a new business has a crucial effect on the business ability and financial performance, such as securing technical competence to enhance competitiveness and marketing ability to meet customer's needs. Second, it was found that financing has a positive (+) effect on the business ability, however, it does not have a significant impact on the financial performance. This result is primarily due to the fact that most of the subjects surveyed are first-time start-ups, suggesting that the government should introduce a systematic support program to help solve the financial liquidity of the first-time entrepreneurs. Third, it was seen that business ability has a positive (+) effect on the financial performance. This means that the business ability, such as the entrepreneur's technical ability and marketing ability to meet the customers' needs, will eventually affect sales and operating profits of start-ups. 최근 불확실한 경제 환경 속에 고용 없는 성장이 지속되면서, 창업이 선택이 아닌 필수의 시대가 되었다. 창업은 고용창출을 위한 유용한 수단이 되었으며, 이러한 시대적 상황으로 소자본으로 소규모의 기업을 창업하는 소상공인의 창업이 늘어나고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 창업의지가 사업능력 및 재무성과에 미치는 영향과, 자금조달이 사업능력과 재무성과에 미치는 영향, 그리고 사업능력이 재무성과에 미치는 영향관계를 실증분석 함으로써 선행연구와 차별화된 연구목적 및 성과를 추구하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약해보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업의지는 사업능력 및 재무성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 창업자가 새롭게 사업을 시작하는 과정에서 창업자의 강한의지는, 경쟁력 제고를 위한 기술역량을 확보하고 고객의 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 마케팅역량 등 사업능력 및 재무성과에 결정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 자금조달은 사업능력에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 자금조달은 재무성과에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 설문대상자의 대부분이 초기창업자라는 특성 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이는 초기창업자들의 자금 유동성을 해결하기 위한 정부의 체계적인 프로그램 도입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 셋째, 사업능력은 재무성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 창업자의 기술능력과 고객의 욕구를 충족시키려는 마케팅능력 등 사업능력은 결국 매출액, 영업이익 등에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.
데이팅관계에서 폭력집단의 특성과 신체적 폭력 발생의 맥락
김예정,김득성 한국가족관계학회 1999 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.4 No.2
This research is based on the survey on people who have used violence in their fight with partners. Specifically this study will shed light on the differences between the so-called 'violent group' and 'non-violent group' and patterns of violence, characteristics of habitual aggressors(using physical violence). First, couples who have experienced physical violence("violence group") are more likely to have suffered from parents' fighting, child abuse and school violence than those who have not("non-violent group"). The violent group is more likely to put a firm grip on their partners and to be receptive to violence. And "violence group" faces more conflicts in their relationship and has less family income. In addition, violence group contains more men than women. Secondly, physical violence tends to occur when couples have strong ties-one extra ordinarily loyal to the other and go out together very frequently. The biggest reason behind conflicts is over-expectation toward each other. Relatively modest types of violence such as slapping the cheeks are most often used. Previous studies show that violence occurs when one of the couple exerts threatening physical action against the other. But this study unveils that people use physical violence when they feel overlooked or extremely angry. The victim of the violence, in turn, tends to use violence in response to the physical aggression he or she received. Then the aggressor feels regret and apologizes to the victim. To put it another way, after fights involving physical violence the couple often maintains their relationship as if nothing happened. In some cases the relationship even improves after the couple experience physical violence. Violence occurs mostly in public places. Some people use violence when they are drunk. Besides, physical violence can be caused by verbal attacks such as insult, unexpected behavior, loss of self-esteem and harsh criticism.
유효미생물 배양액으로 수경재배한 보리싹과 밀싹의 영양성분 평가
김예정,김희선 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2018 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.24 No.1
The growth, yield and nutrients contents of barley and wheat sprouts grown in the hydroponic culture using microbial fertilizer were analyzed in order to establish the optimized cultivating hydroponic condition. After 5 and 7 days of cultivation, plant heights were measured and ranged from 8.4 to 21.8 cm. The macronutrients contents analyzed by the AOAC method showed that barley sprouts showed 3 times higher carbohydrate contents after 7 days compared to the 5 days of cultivation. Protein contents were not different though crude fat contents were decreased after 7 days compared to the 5 days. Wheat sprouts showed higher carbohydrate contents after 5 days than 7 days. However, the protein contents of wheat sprouts increased after 7 days while crude fat contents showed no differences after 5 and 7 days of cultivation. Barley sprouts showed high vit C and pyridoxine contents after 5 days. Wheat sprouts showed 7.50mg/100g of vit C and 93.57mg/100g of pyridoxine after 7 days. Vit E isomers in barley sprouts were higher after 7 days while no differences were observed in wheat sprouts. Gamma-tocotrienol was only detected after 7 days in wheat sprouts. Mineral concentrations were analyzed using ICP. In barley, Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se contents were increased after 7 days of cultivation. In wheat, P, Mg, Cu, Se were increased after 7 days, while Na, Ca, Fe, Zn concentrations did not increased after 7 days of cultivation. Barley sprouts showed the highest nutrients contents at 5 days of cultivation while wheat sprouts showed higher nutrients contents after 7 days. Both wheat and barely sprouts showed higher nutrients contents than grains except niacin.
창업의지가 창업성과에 미치는 영향: 창업역량 및 차별화 경쟁우위의 매개효과를 중심으로
김예정 한국벤처창업학회 2019 벤처창업연구 Vol.14 No.4
Recently, as young and senior entrepreneurs are getting interested in starting a business, the domestic startup rate is gradually increasing. However, the survival rate of start-ups is so low. In this regard, this study empirically examines how the entrepreneurial intention affects both financial and non-financial start-up performances through the intermediation effects of experiential competence, financing competency, marketing competence and differentiated competitive advantage. In doing so, the purpose of this study is to find out the key elements to successful start-ups. To this end, the survey results of 200 start-ups in Pohang from January 21 to February 1, 2019 were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, it is shown that the entrepreneurial intention have a positive effect on the experiential competence, financing competence and marketing competence. Second, it is found that both experiential competence and marketing competence have significant positive effects on the differentiated competitive advantage. On the other hand, the financing competence has not been shown to have a significant effect on the differentiated competitive advantage, which might result from the characteristic of the data that most of the respondents are from new businesses. Third, it is shown that the differentiated competitive advantage has a positive effect on both financial and non-financial performances. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest a theoretical basis for the successful start-up performance. Namely, it is necessary for the founders of start-ups to secure differentiated competitive advantage through the entrepreneurial intention and the entrepreneurial competences such as financing competence and marketing competence because the differentiated competitive advantage leads to the successful financial and non-financial start-up performances. In addition, the results of this study suggest to both entrepreneurs and managers that for the successful business performance, it is important for them to make continuous efforts to come up with new ideas and to reinforce financing and marketing activities in order to achieve the differentiated competitive advantage. 최근 청년창업자 및 시니어창업자들의 창업에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 국내 창업률은 점차적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 창업기업의 생존율은 낮아 창업성과가 미비하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 창업성과를 높이기 위한 방안을 찾고자 창업의지가 창업역량요인의 경험역량, 자금조달역량, 마케팅역량 및 차별화경쟁우위를 통해 재무성과 및 비재무성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 실증분석하였다. 이를 위해 2019년 1월 21일부터 2월 1일까지 포항지역의 창업가 200명을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사 결과를 가설검증에 활용하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업의지는 경험역량, 자금조달역량, 마케팅역량에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경험역량, 마케팅역량은 차별화경쟁우위에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자금역량은 차별화경쟁우위에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 설문대상자의 대부분이 신규사업자라는 분석대상자의 특성이 반영된 결과로 판단된다. 셋째, 차별화경쟁우위는 재무성과, 비재무성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 성공적인 창업성과를 위해서는 창업자의 창업의지 및 창업역량의 자금조달역량, 마케팅역량을 통해 차별화경쟁우위를 확보할 수 있다는 이론적 근거를 제시하고 있으며, 차별화경쟁우위와 창업의 재무성과 및 비재무성과 간에 유의적 관계가 있음을 밝혔다. 또한 창업자의 강한 의지를 바탕으로 새로운 아이디어를 창출하려는 노력을 기울이고, 자금투자 및 마케팅활동을 강화하여, 차별화된 경쟁우위를 확보하려는 지속적인 노력이 경영성과를 위해 필요하다는 중요한 의미를 창업자 및 경영실무자에게 제시하고 있다.
CSR활동이 기업가치에 미치는 영향: CSR연관성 조절효과
김예정,김경례,오영호 대한경영학회 2019 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.32 No.3
Based on the survey results for the 425 officers and employees in POSCO and outsourcing partner companies in Pohang, this study investigates the effects of CSR activities on corporate image, organizational identification and firm value. In doing so, the study also examines whether CSR relevance moderates the effect of CSR activities on corporate image, and organizational identification. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, CSR activities have a positive effect on corporate image, organizational identification and firm value. This result implies that CSR activities performed by the firm improve the organizational identification of the members on the one hand and enhance the corporate image on the other hand, ultimately increase firm value. Second, corporate image has no effect on firm value. This is a result of the empirical analysis reflecting the problems and limitations of POSCO's corporate PR. That is, unlike the other consumer products companies, POSCO does not advertise much in general and especially does not aggressively advertise its CSR activities, so ordinary consumers are not fully aware of POSCO's corporate image. In addition, since POSCO and its outsourcing partner companies are producing steel and steel-related products rather than consumer products that ordinary people can easily purchase and use in real life, POSCO's corporate image is not deeply recognized by the general public, and thus has not had a significant impact on corporate value. Third, organizational identification affects firm value positively. The reason why organizational identification improves firm value is that as the organizational identification of the corporate members improves, they are able to increase their productivities by focusing more on their work with high affection for the company they serve. Fourth, CSR relevance has a moderating effect on the relation between CSR activities and corporate image. This result provides an important implication for all companies engaged in CSR activities, that is, both CSR activities and authenticity of CSR activities perceived by consumers are equally important for improving corporate image, Fifth, CSR relevance does not moderate the effect of CSR activities on organizational identification. This study has examined the effects of CSR activities on corporate image, organizational identification and corporate value, and the moderating effect of CSR relevance on the relation between CSR activities and corporate image or organizational identification through an integrated structural equation model. The empirical results found in this study provide various implications for corporate practice. First of all, it is important for corporations to recognize that their CSR activities are not merely actions to enhance corporate image, but strategies that must be carried out for corporate sustainability and sources of competitive advantage. In addition, CSR activities should be carried out voluntarily by the members of the company. Also CSR activities should be performed that match the business types of companies and characteristics of their products or services. Finally long-term measures should be put in place to ensure that companies carry out transparent management and that their members take pride in their company and practiceBased on the survey results for the 425 officers and employees in POSCO and outsourcing partner companies in Pohang, this study investigates the effects of CSR activities on corporate image, organizational identification and firm value. In doing so, the study also examines whether CSR relevance moderates the effect of CSR activities on corporate image, and organizational identification. 본 연구는 포항지역의 포스코 및 외주파트너사에 근무하는 임·직원 425명을 대상으로 CSR활동이 기업이미지, 조직동일시, 기업가치에 영향을 미치는지 분석하였으며, 또한 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 CSR활동이 기업이미지, 조직동일시에 영향을 미치는 관계에서 CSR연관성의 조절효과를 실증분석을 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, CSR활동은 기업이미지, 조직동일시, 기업가치에 정(+)의 영향을미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업이미지는 기업가치에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 실증분석의 결과로 포스코의 기업 PR이 안고 있는 문제점 및 한계점을 반영한 결과라고 할 수 있다. 포스코는 기업특성상 일반 대중들이 실생활에서 손쉽게 구입하거나 이용할 수 있는 상품이 아닌 철강을 생산하는 기업이기때문에 일반 대중들이 가지고 있는 포스코의 기업이미지가 기업가치에 큰 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 조직동일시는 기업가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, CSR연관성은 기업이미지에조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, CSR연관성은 조직동일시에 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 CSR활동, 기업이미지, 조직동일시 및 기업가치 간의 영향관계와 CSR연관성의 조절효과를 통합모형을 통해 검증하였는데 그 의의가 있으며, 본 연구에서 발견한 CSR활동에 대한 실증적인 결과는 기업실무에 다양한 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 기업이 CSR활동을 기업이미지 제고를 위한 단순한 활동이 아닌 기업의지속가능성과 경쟁우위 원천을 위해 필수적으로 수행해야 하는 행동으로 인식해야 할 것이며, CSR활동은강제적으로 수행하는 것이 아니라 기업의 특성 및 제품이나 서비스의 특성에 맞는 CSR활동을 수행해야 하는것이 필요하다. 또한 기업이 투명한 경영을 실천하고 조직구성원들이 자사에 대한 자부심을 가지고 CSR활동을진정성 있게 실천할 수 있도록 장기적인 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
기업의 핵심역량 및 경쟁우위전략이 재무성과에 미치는 영향
김예정,박상봉 대한경영정보학회 2021 경영과 정보연구 Vol.40 No.2
본 연구는 기업이 보유하고 있는 여러 가지 기업자원 가운데 내부특유자원, 인적자원역량, 사회적 자본이 기업의 경쟁전략인 경쟁우위전략, 혁신활동결과 및 상생협력활동 등을 통해 재무성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치 는지 하나의 통합적 구조방정식 모형을 통해 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 가설 1과 가설 2의 내부특유자원이 경쟁우위전략 및 혁신활동결과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다 는 가설은 채택되었다. 그러나 가설 3의 내부특유자원이 상생협력활동에 영향을 미친다는 가설은 기각되었 다. 둘째, 가설 4, 가설 5, 가설 6의 인적자원역량이 경쟁우위전략, 혁신활동결과 및 상생협력활동에 유의한 정 (+)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 모두 채택되었다. 셋째, 가설 7, 가설 8, 가설 9의 사회적 자본이 경쟁우위전략, 혁신활동결과 및 상생협력활동에 유의한 정 (+)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 모두 기각되었다. 넷째, 가설 10과 가설 12의 경쟁우위전략과 상생협력활동은 재무성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 채택되었다. 그러나 가설 11의 혁신활동결과가 재무성과에 영향을 미친다는 가설은 기각되었다. 다음으로 본 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 학문적인 측면에서는 다양한 개념을 하나의 통합된 구조방정식 모형을 통해 분석함으로써 연구의 틀을 확장시킨 점에 의의가 있다. 둘째, 실무적인 측면에서는 경영성과 달성에 필 수불가결한 요소와 불필요한 요소를 파악함으로써 자원을 효율적으로 배분할 수 있는 대안을 제시했다는 점 에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 한계점으로는 표본이 일부 지역의 기업에 집중되어 있어서 연구결과를 일반화하는데 어느 정도 한계가 존 재한다는 것이다. 따라서 향후에는 표본지역을 전국적으로 확대하여 분석함으로써 연구결과를 일반화하는 과 정이 필요할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study is to examine how the internal specific resources, human resource competencies and social capital, among other various corporate resources possessed by companies, affect the corporate financial performance through the competitive strategies, innovation activities and win-win cooperation activities. To this end, this study investigates the causal relationships among variables through an integrated structural equation model. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypotheses 1 and 2 that the internal specific resources has a significant positive effect on the competitive advantage strategies and innovation activities are adopted. However, the hypothesis that the internal specific resources influence the win-win cooperation activities is rejected. Second, the hypotheses 4, 5 and 6 that the human resource competence has a significant positive effect on competitive strategies, innovation activities and win-win cooperation activities are all adopted. Third, the hypotheses 7, 8 and 9 that social capital has a significant positive effect on the competitive strategies, innovation activities and win-win cooperation activities are all rejected. Fourth, the hypotheses 10 and 12 that the competitive strategies and win-win cooperation activities have a significant positive effect on the corporate financial performance are adopted. However, the hypothesis 11 that the results of innovation activities have an positive effect on the corporate financial performance is rejected. The implications of this study are as follows. First, from the academic point of view, this study extends the framework of research by analyzing interrelationships among various concepts through an integrated structural equation model. Second, from a practical point of view, this study is instrumental in that it presents an alternative to efficient allocation of corporate resources by identifying both essential and unnecessary factors for achieving business performance. The limitation of this study is that the sample is concentrated on the companies in some specific regions, so there is some limitation in generalizing the research results. Therefore, it seems necessary to generalize the research results by expanding and analyzing the sample taken nationwide.