http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김영완 명지대학교대학원 일반대학원 2016 국내박사
The purpose of the present study is to identify the 'historical origins' and the 'current usage' of folk remedies, which have been used as part of traditional medicine since ancient times. The period of the study covers traditional medicine from ancient times until the modern and contemporary era. However, due to an absolute shortage in relevant historical records, analysis was limited to fragmentary records in the History of the Three Kingdoms(三國史記) and the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms(三國遺事). Therefore, various traditional medical texts and medicine-related records were referenced in order to augment the fragments in the History of the Three Kingdoms and the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms. Also, various reports, wherein transmitted therapeutic methods were collected and researched, as well as materials from various regions, cities and counties of Korea were utilized. This is because these reports and materials, having been recorded with the results of first-hand field research, provide important information on the use of medicine by the people. Based on these various references, taboos relating to childbirth were examined in Chapter 2, in association with folk remedies. First, food taboos and behavioral taboos included among childbirth customs acted as norms to protect the health of the mother and child before and after childbirth, instead of simply as superstition. The reason behind the forming of such childbirth taboos is the belief that they may have a negative impact on the health of mother and child before and after childbirth. Next, actual cases of childbirth taboos as they appear in folk remedies were examined. It can be known through various traditional medicinal texts and collections of works that the pre-childbirth custom in the Myth of Dangun, of prohibiting exposure to sunlight for 100 days, is a reflection of medical acts to prevent pigmentary deposition of the skin of expectant mothers. Mugwort, the use of which is a post-childbirth custom, was used to treat the perineal region and aid the mother's recovery. In Chapter 3, the ‘Feeding of Janbap’, transmitted as a curing ceremony in folk religion, was examined. Curing ceremonies were rites of treatment which involved spells and actions to exorcise uninvited ghosts, demons and devils, whose entering the body was considered to be the cause of disease, by giving the spirits what they want, or by threatening them. It appears that, among the people, these magical therapies were joined with the Sun-Do Training of Taoism. Taoism had spread into Goguryeo through China, and the therapies of Way of the Five Pecks of Rice, one of the schools of Taoism, spread among the people. In one example, the curing ceremony of 'Feeding Janbap' from the Jeolla and Chungcheong regions is a ceremony wherein disease is treated by exorcising uninvited ghosts, which are the cause of illness, through incantations and actions. In this magical therapy, the afflicted areas of the patient are rubbed with a gourd containing rice and wrapped with a cloth. A holy entity known as the 'Janbap Bride' was believed to cause the rice in the gourd to cave in, and, depending on the resulting shape, the type of spirit dwelling in the afflicted could be identified, after which the illness could be diagnosed and cured. The friction massage technique(擦法) known as the ‘Feeding of Janbap’(잔밥먹이기) was transmitted and utilized until contemporary times, as the migrants after the fall of Goguryeo moved south and settled in the Iksan and Namwon areas. Last, in Chapter 4, pine leaves and elm tree bark, key famine relief foods which allowed those exposed to starvation, deteriorated health and disease due to famine caused by natural disasters to alleviate starvation, were examined. In years of famine, the government, intellectuals and the general public all worked to devise famine relief policies, publishing numerous famine relief manuals wherein various methods of utilizing a wealth of famine relief crops were introduced. However, famine relief crops could potentially have adverse effects if they were eaten for a long time. Therefore methods of preventing such adverse effects were learned through experience among the people, or from the methods presented in the famine relief manuals. The Tale of Ondal introduces the case of an old blind mother as an example of the adverse effects of famine relief crops. In the Tale of Ondal, the poor Ondal collects the bark of the elm tree to feed his blind mother. The elm tree, which is used as a famine relief crop in the Tale of Ondal, may have caused problems in his mother's vision when eaten for a prolonged time. In the current study, which views the life of a person as a series of food culture practices to resist any diseases which occur and to ensure the continuity of life, specific cases relating to the process of transmission and the historical origins of traditional folk remedies were examined, centering on the question "What were the common practices among the people to ensure that life could continue?". Keyword folk remedy, childbirth custom, feeding Janbap, friction massage technique, famine relief, curing ceremony, traditional medicine 본 연구는 옛 부터 전통 의료의 일환으로 사용된 민간요법의 ‘역사적 연원’과 ‘현재적 사용실태’를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구 시기는 고대에서 근현대까지의 전통 의료현황으로 하였다. 하지만 관련 사료의 절대적인 부족으로 「三國史記」와 「三國遺事」에 기록된 단편 내용을 토대로 분석할 수밖에 없다. 그러므로 「삼국사기」와 「삼국유사」의 단편적으로 나온 내용을 보강하기 위해 다양한 전통 의서 및 의학 관련 사료를 참고하였다. 또한 전승되어 내려온 치료법이 수집·조사된 각종 조사보고서, 전국 각 지역 市郡誌 등의 자료를 활용하였다. 그 이유는 조사보고서 및 시군지는 직접 현장조사를 하여 기록된 것으로 민중들의 의료 사용실태와 관련된 중요한 정보를 제공하고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 여러 문헌을 바탕으로 먼저 2장에서는 出産과 관련된 금기를 민간요법과 관련해서 살펴보았다. 우선 출산과 관련된 産俗 금기인 음식물 금기와 행위 금기가 단순히 미신적인 내용이 아니라 출산전후에 산모와 태아의 건강을 지키기 위한 규범으로 작용하고 있었다. 이런 산속 금기가 형성된 원인은 출산을 전후하여 임신부와 태아에게 나쁜 영향을 끼칠 수 있다는 믿음에서 비롯된 것이다. 다음으로 실제 산속의 사례로서 민간요법에서는 어떻게 나타나는지를 찾아보았다. 출산전 산속으로 단군신화에서 100일간의 햇빛 보기를 금지한 이유는 임산부 피부의 색소침착을 예방하기 위한 의료적 행위가 반영되었음을 여러 전통 의서와 文集통해 알 수 있다. 출산후 산속으로 사용된 쑥은 산모의 회복을 위해 회음부 치료로 사용되었다. 3장에서는 민간신앙에서 治病儀禮로 전승된 잔밥먹이기와 관련해서 살펴보았다. 치병의례는 질병의 원인을 客鬼·邪鬼·惡鬼 등의 사악한 귀신이 몸 안에 들어와 질병을 일으킨다고 여겨서 귀신이 원하는 것을 들어주거나 위협하여 쫓아내기 위한 방법으로 주문과 행위를 동반한 치료의식이다. 이러한 주술적인 치료법은 민간에서 도교의 仙道術과 결합된 것으로 보인다. 도교는 중국을 통해서 고구려로 전래되었는데 이때 도교의 한 교단인 五斗米敎의 치료법이 민간에 전파되었다. 일례로 전라·충정도 지역에 치병의례인 ‘잔밥먹이기’ 또한 주문과 행위로 질병의 원인이 되는 客鬼를 몸 밖으로 쫓아내서 병을 치료하는 의례이다. 이 잔밥먹이기는 쌀이 들어있는 바가지를 천으로 감싼 후에 환자의 환부에 마찰을 할 때 ‘잔밥각시’로 불리는 신적 존재가 마찰을 한 쌀이 바가지에서 움푹 패게 하여 환자의 몸 안에 든 귀신의 종류를 구분한 뒤에 병을 진단하고 치료하는 주술요법이다. 따라서 잔밥먹이기라고 일컬어지는 擦法은 고구려가 멸망후 남하한 유민들이 익산과 남원일대에 정착하면서 이어져 내려와서 현재까지 활용되었다. 마지막으로 4장에서는 재해로 흉년이 들어 饑饉으로 굶주리고, 건강상태가 나빠져 질병에 노출되었을 때 굶주림을 해결할 수 있는 대표적인 구황식물인 소나무 잎과 느릅나무 껍질을 살펴보았다. 흉년이 들면 정부와 지식인 및 일반민 모두 구휼책을 마련하고자 노력했고, 여러 救荒書를 간행하여 굶주림에서 벗어날 수 있게끔 다양한 구황식물 활용법을 소개하였다. 그러나 구황식물도 장기간 먹으면 부작용이 나타날 우려가 있기 때문에 민간에서 경험을 통해 터득하거나 구황서에 나와 있는 부작용을 막는 방법이 활용되었다. 구황식물의 부작용 으로 온달전에 등장하는 맹인 老母가 한 사례가 된다. 온달전에서는 가난한 온달이 느릅나무껍질을 벗겨와서 맹인 노모를 봉양하고 있다. 온달전에 나오는 느릅나무는 구황식물로 활용되고 있지만, 장기간 먹으면서 어머니의 눈에 이상이 생겨 시력에 문제가 생겼을 가능성이 있다. 이 글에서는 한 사람의 일생을 생명 탄생에서부터 생명을 위협하는 질병의 발생·저항과 생명의 지속을 위한 음식문화라는 일련의 과정 속에서 “삶의 지속적인 영위를 위해 통상적으로 민간에서는 어떻게 대처하였는가?”라는 주제를 중심으로 전통 민간요법의 전승과정과 역사적 연원을 구체적인 사례를 통해서 규명하였다.
Recently, many studies were conducted to prove the negative influence of organizational citizenship behavior(OCB). Studies even exist indicating a conceptual reasoning that OCB and reduction have a linear-not nonlinear-relationship. This study focuses on proving the previous studies to confirm the relationship between OCB and reduction among civilian, public community and the military personnel. It also proves the negative influence of OCB on organizational commitment. Also, the study compares the negative impact of organizational citizenship behavior between civil and public organizations through an analysis on subordinate sample of group level. The analysis result of this study is as follows. First, on the analysis on the entire sample, organizational citizenship behavior and emotional deplete showed a nonlinear relationship of a U-curve. Especially, on the analysis with business organizations, not only the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and emotional deplete, but also the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and depersonalization showed a non-linear relationship of a U-curve. This means in a lower rank of organizational citizenship behavior, it decreases on reduction of wealth; while after a certain increase rank of organizational citizenship behavior, it increases the reduction of wealth. Nextly, on the study on the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational commitment, the negative impact due to emotional deplete of excessive organizational citizenship behavior is occurring mainly among business organizations, but negative impact by depersonalization is shown both among business and public organizations. In other words, excessive level of organizational citizenship behavior, through depersonalization, can give a negative impact on organizational commitment. The study holds meaning for that it proves following points. First of all, it is desirable for an organization to suggest organizational citizenship behavior for the development of the group, but excess level of organizational citizenship behavior can give negative influence on organizational commitment. Hence, efforts to increase organizational citizenship behavior is not always desirable, and organizational citizenship behavior should be managed considering the type of the group(civil, public), and the character of the organization. Secondly, compared to the existing studies which have given results based on limited sample containing single type (either civil or public) of origination, this study holds a very import meaning sice it was based on comprehensive sample including both types of organizations.
低電壓 電極을 利用한 粒子內 靜電氣 除去 效果에 관한 硏究
정전기 현상은 오래전부터 일상 중에 쉽게 겪을 수 있는 현상으로 작게는 인체에 쇼크를 주고 머리카락을 흐트러지게 하거나, 옷이 몸에 달라붙게 되어 불쾌감을 주고, 일을 방해하는 요인이 되기도 한다. 그러나 정전기에 의한 재해사고를 수식적으로 정확하게 모델링하여 해석하는 방법이 일반화되어 있지 않기 때문에 아직까지는 완벽한 정전기 현상의 이해 및 재해 방지가 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 최근 예비 하전된 입자의 정전 분리 현상을 이용한 공기청정기, 진공청소기 등 전기집진기술이 부각됨에 따라 대전된 입자의 후처리가 새로운 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 넓게는 입자가 이송되는 과정 중에 마찰대전으로 인한 대량 분말 방전이 작업자에게 치명적인 피해를 입히거나, 최소 발화 에너지를 넘게되어 착화되는 현상이 발생하게 되어, 입자의 제전이 중요한 공정 설계 기준이 되기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대전된 입자의 후처리 문제에 대한 방안으로 고전압 코로나 방전을 이용하여 미세 입자를 대전시키고 전하량 및 전계를 측정하여 입자의 대전 특성을 실험적으로 고찰하고, 저전압 코로나 방전 특성을 갖는 자기방전식 방전극과 큰 곡률을 갖는 구형 브러쉬 방전극을 적용하여 입자 및 부도체의 표면에 형성된 정전기를 제거하기 위한 비접촉식 제전장치 개발 연구를 수행하고자 한다.
고속도 층과 저속도 층에서 SPS 검증을 이용하여 지반의 탄성파 속도를 결정하는 방법과 대수적 스펙트럼 비 법(LSR, Logarithm spectral ratio method)을 사용하여 지반의 감쇠 계수와 관련된 Quality factor를 연구하였다. Dipole source를 이용한 축비대칭형 완전파형 음파검층(SPS 검층)은 기존의 monopole source를 이용한 축대칭형 완전파형 음파검층(sonic logging)에 비해 Source의 주파수가 낮아 해상도가 다소 떨어지나 지반의 5파 속도가 시추공 유체의 속도보다 낮은 곳에서도 S파 속도를 직접적으로 구할 수 있는 장점이 있다. SPS 검층 해석에서 탄성파 속도 결정을 위해 사용되는 초동 발췌법(first arrival picking method)을 사용한 P파 속도 결정은 큰 문제가 없으나 S파 속도 결정은 파형의 scaling 및 다양한 시추공 상태(또는 현장 상황)에 의해 초동의 결정에 문제가 생긴다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해 초동 발췌범과 동일 위상 발췌법(same phase picking method)을 적응하여 P파 속도를 구하여 sonic logging의 P파 속도와 비교해 보았고 동일 위상 발췌법을 사용하여 속도를 결정하였다. 고속도를 갖는 한국지질자원연구원(KIGAM)에 위치한 시험 시추공에서 P파는 13~30m 구간에서 4,315m/s, 30~50m 구간에서 5,136m/s를 나타냈고, S파는 각각 1,920m/s, 2,686m/s를 나타났다. 구간 평균속도를 이용하여 기 수행된 축대칭형 완전파형 음파검층 결과를 기준으로 P, S파 모두 최대 ±4 정도 오차가 났다. 특히 기존의 축대칭형 완전파형 음파검층으로 S파 속도 결정이 어려운 구간(13~30m)에서도 직접 S파를 이용한 속도 결정이 가능하였다. 동일 위상 발췌법을 사용하여 저속도를 갖는 전형적인 해상 퇴적층에서 P파는 1,576~1,903m/s, 5파는 117~288m/s의 구간 속도를 구하였다. SPS 검층은 동일한 source를 사용하여 두 개의 수진기에서 완전파형을 기록하므로 대수적 스펙트럼 비법(Logarithm spectral ratio)을 이용하여 Quality factor를 구하였고, S파 속도와의 경향을 분석해 보았다. 고속도를 갖는 한국지질자원연구원(KIGAM)의 시험 시추공에서 Q factor의 구간 평균은 2.74~3.63을 구하였고, S파 속도가 거의 일정한 구간에서 Q factor의 변화를 볼 수 있었으며, S파 속도가 간소할수록 Q factor가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 저속도를 갖는 해상 퇴적층에서는 Q factor는 9.5~28을 구하였고 S파 속도가 감소할수록 Q factor도 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. This study is on a methodology to determine seismic velocity of the ground using SPS logging at fast formation and slow formation and on the quality factors concerned with attenuation factor of the ground using LSR, Logarithm Spectral Ratio Method. The SPS logging or asymmetry full-waveform sonic logging using dipole source renders lower source frequency than the sonic logging or, symmetry full-waveform sonic logging does so that it carries rather lower resolution but the former can acquire S-wave velocity directly where S-wave velocity of the ground is smaller than that of borehole fluid. The P-wave velocity determination using the first arrival picking method which SPS logging interpretation charges for seismic velocity determination does not have any critical problem while S-wave velocity determination can break out a problem at the first arrival determination depending on scaling of waveform and various borehole situations. In order to solve such a problem this study applied the first arrival picking method and the same phase picking method to get P-wave velocity and compared it with the P-wave velocity of the sonic logging and the velocity was determined using same phase picking method. A test borehole located at Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) using SPS logging which characters fast velocity made P wave 4,315m/s at the section of 13~30m, and 5,136m/s at 30~50m section while it made S wave 1,920m/s and 2,686m/s at each sections. On the basis of asymmetry full-waveform sonic logging result carried by average velocity of the section, both P and S wave have got ±4% error at maximum. It is worth of attention that the section of 13~30m which has been hard to determine S wave velocity by asymmetry full-waveform sonic logging can also be determined the velocity using direct S wave. The P wave at the typical sea sedimentary layer which features low velocity by same Phase picking method was 1,576 ~ 1,930m/s and S wave of the section was 117 ~ 288m/s. This study used the logarithm spectral ratio method to get quality factor and analyzed a tendency against S-wave velocity since SPS logging records full waveform in a couple receivers using same source. The test borehole of KIGAM with high velocity made section average of Q factor 2.74 ~ 3.63 and that the Q factor varied where S-wave velocity was almost consistent. And a tendency was observed that the more S-wave was decreased, the more Q factor was increased. As of the sea sedimentary layer with low velocity, 0 factor was 9.5 ~ 28 and that S-waye velocity tends to the more decrease, the more Q-factor decreased.
多重 傳送 모드를 갖는 디지털 衛星通信 시스템의 位相 雜音 割當 技法 硏究
In digital satellite communication services, phase noise is well known to be a significant source of degradation, giving rise in the worse cases to significant irreducible error rate. The Ku-and Ka-band satellite communication systems which allow unprecedented flexibility providing broadband multimedia services are being designed to serve the multi-mode and multi-rate data. The system phase noise is increased by using the frequency multiplier in order to generate higher satellite link frequency for Ku-and Ka-band satellite system and the phase noise effect is severely increased for higher-order modulation signal of M-ary PSK. In satellite transmission system with under-specified phase noise, the higher-order modulation signal may not be recovered due to phase noise and it is difficult to design satellite terminal oscillator circuits with low phase noise for over-specified satellite system. Therefore, it is important to define exactly what is required in terms of phase noise within a particular system and to avoid expensive over-specification. Based on the analysis of carrier recovery circuit and variances of phase noise and additive white Gaussian noise, the phase noise allocation for digital satellite communication system has been discussed in this dissertation. Though it is possible to utilize the phase noise requirement for digital satellite system with low data rate, it is only a requirement result for QPSK technique and it is not possible to adopt the result for various satellite communication services, even for systems with low data rate. To provide the allowable signal-to-noise ratio of phase noise for a required performance degradation due to phase noise, the phase noise effects are analyzed by proposed probability of error equation which is expressed as infinite alternating series for Gaussian and Tikhonov probability distribution functions. The analyzed results are verified by measured data via satellite communication receiver infected by the generated phase noise, which is generated based on relation between modulation index of frequency modulation and phase noise spectral density. To get a proper noise bandwidth of carrier recovery loop, which is necessary in phase noise allocation, the service requirement and loop signal-to-noise ratio due to phase noise and additive white Gaussian noise are analyzed. It is important to get a noise bandwidth which satisfies the carrier acquisition time and minimizes the loop noise variance while the cycle slip time is maximized. It is seen from the analysis for PLL design parameters that the damping factor of the loop is major parameter to minimize the phase noise effect in carrier recovery loop. The phase noise effect is decreased while the carrier acquisition time is increased, when the damping factor is above 1.0 in carrier recovery loop design. On the other hand, the effects of additive white Gaussian noise in carrier recovery loop are analyzed on viewpoints of contribution to allowable phase noise variance and bandwidth gain by the input bandpass filter and the noise bandwidth. The required phase noises are allocated for digital satellite broadcasting system by considering the point-to-multiple service and M-ary PSK satellite communication system as point-to-point service. Using the oscillator phase noise model and phase noise model of a frequency synthesizer, the required phase noise allocations are carried out for both systems. The allocated phase noise characteristics using two phase noise models have equal system performances for each digital satellite communication system and their performance are verified by system simulation. The phase noise model of a frequency synthesizer which is used in phase noise allocation predicts more accurately the phase noise of the PLL frequency synthesizer by modeling the phase noise contribution components. The proposed phase noise model for frequency synthesizer is verified by measured data of the fabricated PLL frequency synthesizer. The phase noise for the detailed contribution system can be allocated by considering the other phase noise contribution system besides transmitter and receiver system and the proposed methods can be applied to communication systems with other modulation techniques and service requirements.
김영완 明知大學校 敎育大學院 2003 국내석사
There was no strong country which was able to occupied large realm in the state-forming period in Ancient history. And the significant condition in state-complete level is that the troubles with the nobility caused from establishment of King's centralization of power are inner-inconsistent condition of the Ancient states, and the political interests of the nobility according to the King's power increased were pitted against a compromise. This was happened to secure the base of powers. In this point of view, Koguryo(高句麗) was not able to be an exception. First of all, the characters of Koguryo-nation in sundry records and the establishment progress of Jumong(朱蒙)-as known as the founder of Koguryo- were researched. Secondly, the relationship between Koguryo and Kochosun(古朝鮮), the period and the background of the establishment of Koguryo and the progress of strengthening of the King's power through the changes of politics of the Daega(大加) in Nabu system(那部體制) were researched. Nabu system is the dual-rule system which is consisted two ruling system; ruling whole Koguryo and the inside of Nabu, and the fact that it was co-ruling system through Daega-beased Jega conference is characteristic. But as the governing of the King had been progressed, they began to look like bureaucratic and to be possessed under the authority of the King. The sphere of this study was limited; from previous times of Koguryo establishment to the period of King Taejodaewang(太祖大王). Samguksagi(三國史記), Samgukyusa(三國遺事), and Chinese records were chosen as historical materials for this study and results of this previous studies also were studied.
스냅샷을 기반으로 한 V8엔진에 대한 웹 앱 로딩시간 및 공간 최적화
기존에는 웹 앱의 로딩 시간을 가속하기 위한 스냅샷(snapshot) 기반의 최적화에 관한 연구들이 웹킷(WebKit) 브라우저상에서만 이루어졌다. 본 논문은 위 최적화를 크롬(Chrome) 브라우저에 구현하되, 구현의 용이성을 위해 크롬 브라우저 내의 유사한 최적화인 V8 Serializer를 이용했다. 구현상에 발생하는 문제점을 파악하고 해결점을 제시하였다. 구현에 성공하여 전체 로딩시간이 최대 1.8배만큼 감소했다. 또 생성된 스냅샷의 크기가 상당하여 발생하는 공간 오버헤드를 압축하여서 해결하고, 압축 해제를 병행으로 하여 압축 해제에 소모되는 비용을 최대한 줄였다. 이 과정에서 Lock의 빈도를 줄일 수 있는 휴리스틱과, 최적의 성능을 보이는 압축 단위의 크기를 제안하였다. 병행 압축 해제 기법을 적용하기 전 4.5∼18.5% 정도로 나타나던 전체 로딩타임 상의 오버헤드가 0.5∼1.9% 정도로 줄었다.