조선조 김시습론과 절의론: 남효온, 윤춘년, 이이, 박세당의 김시습 전기를 중심으로

김영수 ( Kim Young Soo ) 서울대학교 한국정치연구소 2020 韓國 政治 硏究 Vol.29 No.2

본고의 목적은 김시습의 삶에 대한 후대의 평가를 통해 조선 전기의 절의론을 검토하려는 것이다. 김시습론은 남효온, 윤춘년, 이이, 박세당의 논의를 검토하고자 한다. 김시습의 삶을 바라보는 조선조의 핵심 패러다임은 유교적 절의론이다. 그런데 절의론의 구체적 내용을 보면, 유교가 현실정치에서 직면하는 긴장과 충돌임을 알 수 있다. 예컨대 조선조 절의론을 대표하는 정몽주, 길재, 김시습, 조광조 등의 공통점은 현실정치의 부조리에 저항했지만 좌절했다는 점이다. 그러나 이들은 유교의 순수가치에 헌신하다가 처형되거나 추방된 순교자들로서 인식되었고, 유교의 진정한 정신적 영웅으로 평가되었다. 그래서 이들 대부분은 유교의 전당인 문묘에 종사되었다. 이 때문에 김시습에 대한 절의론을 검토해보면 조선의 정치사상과 정치현실, 그리고 지식인의 정치참여의 성격을 구체적으로 이해하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 광기와 풍자를 통한 김시습의 독특한 권력비판의 형식도 이해할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to examine not only the political fidelity, but also the tension between Confucianism and politics in Early Chosŏn Dynasty through understanding on Kim Si-sup’s life. Specifically, Nam Hyo-on, Yun Chun-Yeon, Yi, and Park Se-Dang’s will be reviewed. In Chosŏn Dynasty, political fidelity was the core paradigm to interpret Kim’s life, Then, the concrete contents of political fidelity suggest the fact that Confucianism faced tension and conflict in real politics. The most famous persons of political fidelity in Chosŏn Dynasty are Chung Mong-ju (鄭夢周), Gil-jae (吉再), Kim Si-sup, and Cho Kwang-jo (趙光祖). All of them resisted and failed in real politics. But they were recognized as the true spiritual heroes of Confucianism, because they were martyrs who had been devoted to the pure value of Confucianism and executed or deported by real politics. Therefore, this research will contribute to the concrete understanding of political ideology, political reality, and participation of intellectuals in Chosŏn dynasty. One also could understand Kim’s unique form of criticism on political power through his madness and satire.

우적가 배경설화에 나타난 시험과 오도의 양상

김영수(Kim Young-Soo) 비교민속학회 2003 비교민속학 Vol.25 No.-

While we read the old documentary records, what we should be careful about is that we should approach and analyze the real material through doubt if it has a non-logical structure. And we should avoid the way of blind following and accepting to the opinion that pre-researchers has given. Why I had interest in the myth of U-Juck-Ga(遇賊歌 : The song made by a monk 〈named Young-jae〉 of Sin-ra dynasty. Its title means the song when he met sixty bandits) was the point that the bandits reward giving the property. And at once they were very impressed after listening to the one song, and as soon as they listened to the song they turned into the buddhist. So it describes a happening like a miracle. So I think that we can't explain the identity of bandits and the meaning of song without solving this kind of strange and non-logical meaning. The background myth of U-Juck-Ga has the structure of the personal seeking after truth of monk named Young-jae(永才). The entering to mountain of the monk Young-jae has not the meaning of small hiding(小隱 : To hide somewhere like a mountain for seeking after truth 〈accompanying not so much pain or hardship〉)or big hiding(大隱 : To hide somewhere like a mountain for seeking after truth 〈accompanying very much pain or hardship〉) but almost like the meaning of being scattered hiding(散隱 : To hide like a person who doesn't exist for seeking the truth 〈accompanying extreme pain and hardship〉) as the classical scholar Huh-am(虛庵 : The title of Jung-hi-ryang〈鄭希良〉, one classical scholar of Cho-sun dynasty) appointed. We should regard him as not the monk who had fame and sang a song very well but the monk who tried to turn to buddha with his 90-year-old body. The fact that the monk Young-jae was quite good at making the Hyang-Ga(鄕歌 : a poem and song especially thrived in the period of unified Sin-ra dynasty) is just a little detail of describing about him. And we should regard that the bandits already knew the name of the monk as that the fame of the monk was already well-known to bandits. The reason why they let him to make the Hyang-ga is not because of his good talent to make it. That he was quite good at making Hyang-ga means that he had not only very high virtue but also had a good talent to persuade someone when he made Hyang-ga. As it were, it is not just a simple song but a song which is quite easy to be understood about the doctrine of buddhism. If the bandits let the 90-year-old monk sing a song just because he is good at singing a song, then it is just the behavior of making fun of him, and the fact that the bandits turned into the buddhist through the monk Young-jae can't not but to have a big contradiction. The identity of the bandits might reflect the hard time of that period, and also can be his spiritual enemy for testing his body and soul. As the U-Juck-Ga has the meaning of reflecting oneself on passed days, for the wandering bandits who had no fame the monk Young-jae could be the changed people of buddha. and In the aspect of Young-jae himself the identity of the bandits could be the changed people for testing his body and soul.

김정은 통치의 현황과 딜레마

김영수(KIM Young Soo)(金英秀) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2018 신아세아 Vol.25 No.1

한반도의 안보환경이 급변하는 상황 속에서 ‘북한’의 현황을 정확하게 파악하는 일이 무엇보다 중요하다. 안보환경의 게임 체인저로 등장한 북한내부 상황을 모르면 눈앞에서 벌어지는 일들을 제대로 설명하기 어렵고, 미래를 예상하기도 힘들게 된다. 평창 올림픽 분위기를 활용하여 벌이는 김정은 외교의 셈법은 어떤 전략에서 나오는 것인지? 핵무력 국가를 목표로 핵실험 및 장거리 미사일 발사의 성공을 선전하는 김정은 카드는 정말 유효한 카드인지? 대북 제재가 북한 내부에 미치고 있는 영향력은 어느 정도로 확산되고 있는지? 공포의 정치를 펼쳐 확보한 김정은 통치기반의 안정성은 어느 정도인지? 시장의 확산과 정보화의 빠른 진행으로 예전 같지 않은 북한사회는 어떤 경로를 걷게 될 것인지, 당과 지도자에 복종하면서도 자기가 살 길을 별도로 챙기는 북한 간부층의 이중성이 체제변화의 동력으로 이어질 것인지 등의 질문이 김정은 통치와 함께 끊임없이 제기되고 있다. 이 글에서는 이런 문제를 짚기 위해 북한정치의 현황을 파악하고자 한다. 특히 김정은 통치의 현주소를 진단하고, 김정은 통치 구상과 플랜을 분석하고자 한다. 그리고 우리가 어떤 대응방안을 모색하고 실천해야 하는지를 제시하고자 한다. As the prospect of an inter-Korean summit in April has increased after the Pyeongchang Olympics, discussion of a possible US-North Korea summit in May has begun as well. Consequently, the future of the security environment on the Korean Peninsula is becoming a pressing matter. Does the willingness to engage in summit-level discussions indicate internal turmoil in North Korea or is it a reflection of Kim Jong Un’s diplomatic policy shift? Historically, North Korean elites have used external enemies to strengthen and solidify the regime’s power. If North Korea is serious about engaging the US, how will it rationalize this sudden shift to its citizens? In light of this change, we must scrutinize Kim’s underlying strategy. What is his next move? How will it impact the inter-Korean relationship as well as US-North Korea dynamics? To address these issues, we need to accurately assess North Korean politics and society. Only then can we formulate and prioritize options and strategize about a viable future relationship with North Korea.

노인의 신체활동에 따른 심리적 요인에 관한 연구

김영수(Young Soo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze a relationship between physical activity participation and psychological factors in elderly. Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem of the survey includes 497 male and female(male : 169, female : 328) over 65 years old and Loneliness, Depression and Self-Efficacy of the survey includes 424 male and female(male : 213, female : 211) over 65 years old in Seoul and Kyonggi areas. The survey methods of this research are the Affetometer-Ⅱ Life Satisfaction questionnaire(40 item) by Kammann & Flett(1983) translated by Hong, Gil-Dong(1995) and the Self-Esteem Scale(10 item) by Rosenberg(1965) translated standardized by Kim, Gui-Bong(2000). Loneliness are the 5 Likert Scale modified the UCLA Loneliness Scale(10 item) by Won, Hyung-Joong(1984) and Depression Scale(20 item) by Zung and Durham(1965) translated standardized by Yook, Young-Sook(1994). The used statistical methods for the data analysis were analysis of covariance, multiple classification analysis. Trough such data analysis, this study obtained the results as follows : first, The elderly involved the physical activities felt higher Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem than the elderly did not. second, The elderly involved the physical activities felt less Loneliness and Depression than the elderly did not.

후측방으로 탈출된 경추 디스크의 후방 미세간공천개절제술의 치료결과

김영수,구성욱,진병호,조용은,진동규,Kim, Young Soo,Kuh, Sung Uk,Jin, Byung Ho,Cho, Young Eun,Chin, Dong Kyu 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.6

Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of posterior microforaminotomy in treatment of posterolateral cervical disc herniation, the authors retrospectively analyzed the result of posterior microforaminotomy in our institute. Patients and Methods : Ten patients with radiculopathy due to posterolateral cervical disc herniation have been treated with posterior microforaminotomy from August 1996 to July 2000. We analyzed clinical results in all patients who were followed up for an average of 10 months. Results : The mean age was 47.2 years and all patients were treated with posterior microforaminotomy as primary treatment. one patient was received anterior cervical interbody fusion with iliac bone 12 years before. Clinical improvement in the last follow-up were seen in all patients and there were no complications. Conclusion : Microcervical foraminotomy is considered useful operative method for posterolateral soft disc herniation. We conclude that the posterior microforaminotomy for radiculopathy due to soft posterolateral cervical disc herniation seems to be safe and effective in selective patients.

Failed Back Surgery Syndrome에서 전방 요추체간 유합술의 치료성적분석

김영수,구성욱,조용은,진병호,진동규,Kim, Young Soo,Kuh, Sung Uk,Cho, Young Eun,Jin, Byung Ho,Chin, Dong Kyu 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.6

Objective : To evaluate the role of anterior lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of failed back surgery syndrome, the authors retrospectively analyzed the result of anterior lumbar interbody fusion performed in our institute. Methods : Fifteen FBSS patients due to variable causes have been treated with anterior lumbar interbody fusion in our institute from April 1994 to June 1999. We analyzed clinical changes in 15 patients who were followed up for an average of 23 months. Results : The etiologies of FBSS were post operative discitis(6 cases), post operative instability(3 cases), post operative adhesion(5 cases), and recurrence(1 case). These fifteen FBSS patients were treated with anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The overall treatment outcome was satisfactory(excellent and good) in 11 cases. Three patients were slightly improved, but post operative low back pain was remained. One patient who had underwent nerve root injury due to pedicle screw insertion showed no improvement. Conclusion : We conclude that the anterior lumbar interbody fusion for FBSS seems to be safe and favorable treatment in selective patients, because low incidence of nerve injury risk and post-operative infection.

실트질 함유량에 따른 낙동강 모래의 비배수 반복전단거동 특성

김영수,김대만,Kim, Young-Su,Kim, Dae-Man 한국지반공학회 2008 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.24 No.11

In this study, a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed with three different consolidation stress ratios ($K_c$=1.0, 1.5, 2.0) to investigate the undrained shear strength characteristics of sands with respect to the amount of contained silt located around the basin of Nak-dong River. The test results show that the more the sand has silt, the lower is cyclic shear stress ratio (CSR) in all $K_c$ and that the higher $K_c$ goes, the larger CSR decreases due to the increase of contained silt. The excessive pore pressure caused during shearing has an influence on the decrease of CSR by the high initial pore pressure in proportion to the amount of contained silt regardless of the $K_c$ value. After consolidation, the analysis of the skeleton void ratio of the sample reveals that the main cause of the decrease of CSR as well as the increase of the initial excessive pore pressure is the increase of the skeleton void ratio in proportion to the amount of contained silt.

MILC 성장 속도에 비정질 실리콘의 기하학적 형상이 미치는 영향

김영수,김민선,주승기,Kim Young-Su,Kim Min-Sun,Joo Seung-Ki 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.7

High quality polycrystalline silicon is very critical part of the high quality thin film transistor(TFT) for display devices. Metal induced lateral crystallization(MILC) is one of the most successful technologies to crystallize the amorphous silicon at low temperature(below $550^{\circ}C$) and uses conventional and large glass substrate. In this study, we observed that the MILC behavior changed with abrupt variation of the amorphous silicon active pattern width. We explained these phenomena with the novel MILC mechanism model. The 10 nm thick Ni layers were deposited on the glass substrate having various amorphous silicon patterns. Then, we annealed the sample at $550^{\circ}C$ with rapid thermal annealing(RTA) apparatus and measured the crystallized length by optical microscope. When MILC progress from narrow-width-area(the width was $w_2$) to wide-width-area(the width was $w_1$), the MILC rate decreased dramatically and was not changed for several hours(incubation time). Also the incubation time increased as the ratio, $w_1/w_2$, get larger. We can explain these phenomena with the tensile stress that was caused by volume shrinkage due to the phase transformation from amorphous silicon to crystalline silicon.

토목섬유로 보강한 연약지반의 정$\cdot$반복하중 모형실험에 의한 평가

김영수,권성목,김연욱,김형준,Kim Young-Su,Kwon Sung-Mok,Kim Yeun-Wook,Kim Hyoung-Jun 한국지반공학회 2005 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

Each static and cyclic load test was performed in a laboratory model test. As a result, ground displacement decreased and bearing capacity of the soil increased owing to the sheer strength of geosynthetics in general. In addition, numerical analysis was operated using Mohr-Coulomb, Modified Cam-Clay models, and FLAC 4.0 2D and compared with the laboratory model test. The results were shown to be of a great difference because the existing equations had not considered the characteristics that sheer strength increases with a load increment. Therefore, this paper proposes an equation of cable elements considering an effect of load given through repeated tests. 실내 모형실험으로 정,반복하중 재하 실험을 실시하여 하중과 침하, 지중 측방변위, 토목섬유 변위 등을 측정한 결과 지반과의 마찰과 토목섬유 인장력의 영향으로 전반적으로 지반의 변위가 줄고 지지력이 증가하였다. 또한 Mohr-coulomb 및 수정Mohr-Coulomb 모델들과 FLAC 4.0 2D을 사용하여 수치해석을 실시하였고 실내 모형 실험결과와 비교하였다. 기존식들은 토목섬유 모델링시 FLAC의 케이블 요소는 하중증가에 따른 전단강도를 증가되는 특성을 고려할수 없었기 때문에 실험 결과치와 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복적인 학습으로 상재 하중의 영향을 고려한 케이블 구성요소의 적절한 식을 제시하였다.

Verilog-2001 파서의 설계와 구현

김영수,김태석,김상필,조한진,Kim, Young-Soo,Kim, Tae-suk,Kim, Sang-pil,Cho, Han-jin 한국정보처리학회 2003 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.10 No.3

본 논문에서는 IEEE Verilog 1364-2001 표준을 지원하는 Verilog-2001 파서를 개발하였다. 개발된 파서의 어휘 분석 및 구문 분석기는 Verilog-2001을 지원할 수 있도록 개발되었으며 Verilog-2001 테스트 슈트(test suite)를 개발하여 검증하였다. XML 중간형식을 설계하여 사용함으로써 Verilog시맨틱 조작의 응용에 적합하게 설계되었으며 기존의 구조 수준의 파서의 단점을 극복하기 위하여 문맥 정보의 처리가 가능하도록 개발되었다. The Verilog parser libary for IEEE Verilog 1364-2001 Standard is developed in the paper. The lexer and scanner are developed and tested to handle "Yerilog-2001" which is the first major update to the Verilog language since its inception in 1984. Also the newly developed XML intermediate format for Verilog-2001 is presented. By using the XML intermediate, it allows the portable and scalable development of various kinds of verilog applications that are mainly focused on semantic manipulation.ipulation.