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김애영 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 2013 신학연구 Vol.50 No.2
This article has discussed about the following facts: The feminist liberation movement in the 1970’s, since the second wave of feminism in the 1960’s, raised the quest for women’s ecclesial ministry. The quest for women’s ordination became the central issue of Christian women’s liberation movement in the 1970’s. Today many women of the Protestant Churches have been ordained and active in ecclesial ministry. However, several conservative Protestant denominations and Roman Catholic Church do not allow women ordination. Christianity performed a central role for the formation of the West formally. However, today it is confronted a serious crisis of decline. Nevertheless, the Roman Catholic Church maintains its influence an open the West yet, still being a great Christian Community in the world. Accordingly its necessary reformation would mean a revolution not only for entire Christendom but also for the whole world. This article has argued how the Catholic Church would solve the central question of women’s ordination for priesthood. The women’s ordination question and the problems of abortion and priestly celibacy may be the most acute issues in the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican Council Ⅱ, 1962-65 promoted by the prominent Pope John ⅩⅩⅢ and other progressive Catholic leaders, is a monumental event, indeed, that has shed light on whole Christendom and the world. This article has shown how women were and still are excluded historically and theologically from ecclesial leadership and ordination, especially how they have been excluded from the Catholic priesthood and misused in ecclesial affairs for the sake of male dominating ecclesial system. Also this article has tackled the historical facts of the Catholic Church’s arguments and treatments against women and their priestly ordination. In 1960’s American Catholic women began to develop their issues and claim for ordination, under the impact of the Vatican Ⅱ. and Women’s Liberation Movement toward their ecclesial ministry, and in 1975 there occurred a historic event of the Catholic Women’s Ordination Conference in Detroit. However, in 1976, the Vatican authority announced the official denial of women’s ordination, to their great disappointment. Yet the Catholic women penetrated into the problem of their being incorporated in male dominating system of the Catholic celibate priests. The Catholic women, being awakened from their male dominating Catholic structure, began women-Church movement and realized the necessity of changing ecclesial structure and dismantling clericalism. In the middle of 1990’s the Catholic Church came to put end to the question of women’s ordination. However, non official debates about the issue has become more intensified. The issue of Catholic women’s priestly ordination do remain to be a hot issue, continuing and unquenchable indeed. The rapid decreasing of male candidates for priesthood and ordained priests have evoked a new occasion for cooperative ecclesial ministry with women. Facing the phenomena today, it seems that the Catholic Church is led to a situation of making a new decision now, and this article has suggested that the Catholic Church has to decide positively toward women’s priestly ordination, in order to reform the hierarchical structure and to perform a revolution of Christendom and the unjust world toward the coming of the righteous Kingdom of God.
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金愛英 한국중국언어학회 2000 중국언어연구 Vol.10 No.-
漢字是由形音義三個要素構成, 隨着時間而變化. 차론문시이자형적변화과정화탈리일반변화규률적와변위연구대상. 소위와변, 字形的發展過程中, 所脫離我們所豫知的字形變化. 也就是說, 原來的字形構造改變或筆劃有所變化, 因此不能只以後代字形來判斷原來的字形構造和本義. 와변재자형본신적변천과정중상출현, 因而以甲骨文·金文·篆文·隷書·楷書等字形來比較硏究, 幷且應探究每字的本形本義. 本論文擧例了造字期的字形至楷書期字形, 연후비교각과정중적자형이급래연구자형와변적원인화출현시기, 幷分析每字的本義和本形. 여자형적와변시자형분석적원인시, 在本文中幷分析考察分化前後的關係. 此論文所硏究對象有以下十五個字: 莊·若·徹·괴·遣·遂·遲·將·歲·哲·離·巽·월·盧·乘.
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김애영 한국기독교학회 2005 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.37 No.-
Today many women are ordained and participate in church ministry. Yet they are still concerned about the question how women and men can share more equal participation and cooperation in church ministry. However, the problem is the fact that the Roman Catholic church and many Protestant churches are still opposed to women's participation in ministry. This article deals with the historical process of women ordination movement, elaborating feminist theological critique about the exclusion of women ordination, and explicates basic theological foundation for women ordination and ministry toward a realization of true church community. When the leaders of church revival movement in the 18th and the 19th centuries in America allowed women pubic preaching, there arose questions about women's role and status in churches. Preaching was closely related with such questions and that of women ordination. In general we locate the early period of women's ordination movement in the 1970' s.women's liberation movement in the second half of the 1960' s called second wave of feminism, brought about the birth of feminist theology. Then there arose the question of women ordination, the issue was the dominant one in the first half of the 1970' s, and in the 1980' s women who were concerned about church ministry increased rapidly in number. Women ordination was the central movement in the 1970' s, which was greatly influenced by the second wave of feminism. Since then the movement has opened the way for many women of Protestant churches to participate in ministry. However, there are churches which are still opposed to women ministry, so that many women leave their churches. The churches, patriarchal and hierarchical, are never free from the responsibility for the so - called radical post -Christian feminists who assert the incompatibility of feminism and Christianity. Feminist theologians deal with women ordination not for the sake of their job, but as the question of true Christian faith community. and they assert that women ordination question is also related with theological anthropology, the doctrine of God, Christology, ecclesiology, church ministry in general, divine revelation, and the church tradition. This article has elaborated feminist critical discussions concerning women ordination question, in order to encourage those women who suffer from their exclusion from church ministry and still strive toward gaining their participation in it, and to provide them with theological foundations for their efforts and for our hope for the realization of true egalitarian Church community.
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