Suppression of Autophagy and Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3beta Facilitate the Aggregate Formation of Tau

김송인,이원기,강상수,Sue-Young Lee,Myeong-Ja Jeong,이희제,김성수,Gall V. W. Johnson,전완주 대한약리학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.2

Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) is a characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. GSK3β has been reported to play a major role in the NFT formation of tau. Dysfunction of autophagy might facilitate the aggregate formation of tau. The present study examined the role of GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of tau species on their autophagic degradation. We transfected wild type tau (T4),caspase-3-cleaved tau at Asp421 (T4C3), or pseudophosphorylated tau at Ser396/Ser404 (T4-2EC) in the presence of active or enzyme-inactive GSK3β. Trehalose and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used to enhance or inhibit autophagic activity, respectively. All tau species showed increased accumulation with 3-MA treatment whereas reduced with trehalose, indicating that tau undergoes autophagic degradation. However, T4C3 and T4-2EC showed abundant formation of oligomers than T4. Active GSK3β in the presence of 3-MA resulted in significantly increased formation of insoluble tau aggregates. These results indicate that GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation and compromised autophagic activity significantly contribute to tau aggregation.

불교적 상상력 접목과 문학사적 가치

金松培(김송배) 문예운동사 2007 문예운동 Vol.- No.95

Sequestration of sorcin by aberrant forms of tau results in the defective calcium homeostasis

김송인,이희제,김성수,권용수,전완주 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.4

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of microtubule-associated protein tau are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the exact role of ER stress in tau pathology has not yet been clearly elucidated. In present study, the possible relationship between tau pathology and ER stress was examined in terms of sorcin, which is a calcium binding protein and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. Our previous yeast two hybrid study showed that sorcin is a novel tau interacting protein. Caspase-3-cleaved tau (T4C3) showed significantly increased tau-sorcin interaction compared to wild type tau (T4). Thapsigargin-induced ER stress and co-expression of constitutively active GSK3β (GSK3β-S9A) also exhibited significantly increased tau-sorcin interactions. T4C3-expressing cells showed potentiated thapsigargin -induced apoptosis and disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis compared to T4-expressing cells. Overexpression of sorcin significantly attenuated thapsigargin-induced apoptosis and disruption of calcium homeostasis. In contrary, siRNA-mediated knock-down of sorcin showed significantly increased thapsigargin-induced apoptosis and disruption of calcium homeostasis. These data strongly suggest that sequestration of sorcin by aberrant forms of tau compromises the function of sorcin, such as calcium homeostasis and cellular resistance by ER stress, which may consequently result in the contribution to the progression of AD.

중국-러시아 송유관 건설의 정치적 동학

김송죽 ( Song Juk Kim ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2014 지역과 세계 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 석유수입국인 중국 입장에서, 중국-러시아 송유관 건설이 개인, 국가, 지역, 국제의 다각적 차원에서 에너지 안보 이외에 대내외적으로 어떠한 정치적 이익을 추구할 수 있는지를 밝혔다. 또한 이를 통해 중국의 국제송유관 건설이 갖는 성격과 그 의미, 나아가 국제정치적 함의를 규명하였다. 분석결과, 중국이 최근 강력한 의지를 갖고 추진하는 국제송유관 건설은 단순히 석유자원 확보, 지리적 이점을 이용한 운송비용 절감, 접경지역의 무역·경제 활성화, 중국기업의 투자 증대 등 경제적 이익뿐만은 아니었다. 그 이면에는 정치적 이익 즉, 개인 차원에서 정치엘리트의 외교업적과 정치적 정당성 확보, 국가 차원에서의 군사협력 강화와 국경분쟁 예방, 국내 소수민족 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안, 지역 차원에서 중국의 정치외교 주도권 확대, 일본과 미국의 세력 확장에 대한 대응과 예방, 국제 차원에서 다자·양자기구 등과 같은 협의체 형성을 통한 국가이미지 제고 등 국가안보와 직결되는 중국정부의 대내외적 정치외교적 실리를 추구할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 이를 통해 국경을 넘나드는 국제송유관 건설은 경제적인 행위이자 동시에 정치·외교적인 행위의 집결체로 국가이익에 직접적으로 연관되는 실체임을 설명한다. 또한 일반적으로 비전통 안보와 하위정치로 분류되었던 에너지 문제가 어떻게 전통안보와 상위정치로 전환되고 있는지를 시사하고자 한다. This study analyzes how the Sino-Russia oil pipeline construction in 2011 has been created under the multidimensional strategic structures with regard to the interests of elites, states, geopolitics, and its position in the international system. This structure manifests several objectives such as the domestic and foreign pursuits of interests as well as energy security protection. Thus, I argue that the extensive transnational oil pipeline construction of China has its own characteristics and goals which render profound implications in international relations. In general, I argue the fact that China has been playing active role in the construction of oil pipelines across countries is due not only to obtaining its economic interests but also to pursuing its political considerations directly related to its national security. That is, there exist apparent economic reasons for China to build the Sino-Russia oil pipeline: to secure oil supplies; to minimize transport costs via geographical benefits; to revitalize the economy on the border; and to promote investment from Chinese companies, and so forth. However, multidimensional political considerations should also be taken into account in addition to the pursuit of economic interests. In this perspective, I identify four dimensions of political considerations as summarized in the following: ① individual, Chinese elites; aim to maintain diplomatic achievements and the Chinese Communist Party`s political legitimacy; ② the state, or Chinese regime, aims to settle borderline disputes and prevent the outbreak of independent movement from ethnic minorities; ③ regionally, China aims to attain the leadership position in Asia and cope with ‘pivot to Asia’ goal of the United States; and ④ internationally, China devises a means to enhance the national image by establishing bi- and multiorganizations for the peaceful energy cooperation. In sum, it is essential to understand the multidimensional nature of Chinese oil pipeline construction as a concentration of an economic activity as well as a political and diplomatic activity that immediately connects to its national interest. Hence, this study suggests that the issue of energy security should now be classified as traditional security, or high politics, which typically regarded as an issue of non-traditional security, or low politics.

An optimal strategy for determining triple oxygen isotope ratios in natural water using a commercial cavity ring-down spectrometer

김송이,한창희,문장일,한영철,허순도,이정훈 한국지질과학협의회 2022 Geosciences Journal Vol.26 No.5

Triple oxygen isotope ratios have been increasingly acknowledged as useful hydrological tracers but measuring both 17O/16O and 18O/16O ratios with meaningful precision has been challenging due to the much lower natural abundance of 17O than 16O and even 18O. In this study, in line with the advancement of laser-based techniques and their growing applications, we demonstrate how to optimize the determination of 17O-excess (Δ17O = ln(δ17O + 1) − 0.528 × ln(δ18O + 1)) in natural water using a commercial wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectrometer (WS-CRDS). We particularly focus on how to decide the injection numbers of samples and standard solutions utilized for normalization of sample results to the VSMOW-SLAP reference scale. With a measurement strategy aimed at an uncertainty better than 10 per meg (1σ), the Δ17O of Greenland Ice Sheet Precipitation (GISP) is determined to be 24 ± 9 per meg (n = 104), in agreement with previous literature values. By applying this method to Antarctic glacial ice, it is shown to be useful in detecting the seasonality of Δ17O values in Antarctic precipitation. Our approach represents an underlying analytical method that provides guidelines for determining Δ17O from various types of natural waters.

랩뷰를 이용한 QPSK 송수신 시스템 설계

김송이(Kim Song Yi),윤덕원(Yun Deok Won),이원철(Lee Won Cheol),김춘원(Kim Chun Won),한정우(Han Jung Wo),김대오(Kim Dae Oh) 한국통신학회 2017 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

김치 원부재료의 미생물 오염도

김송이(Songyi Kim),신예슬(Yeseul Shin),김회경(Hoikyung Kim) 한국생활과학회 2014 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

HDPE Morphology 변화에 따른 ESCR 향상에 관한 연구

김송호,구본환,김경훈,이동훈 한국고분자학회 2015 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.10

동시대 미술작가들의 작품활동 기록화 현황과 지원 방안

김송이,설문원 한국기록관리학회 2024 한국기록관리학회지 Vol.24 No.1

이 연구는 국내 동시대 미술작가들을 대상으로 개인기록의 생산 및 관리 현황을 조사하고 이를 토대로 교육 등 작가들의 작품활동 기록화에 필요한 지원 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 동시대 미술에서 작품활동 기록화의 중요성과 이를 위한 지원 동향을 문헌 연구를 통해 정리하였다. 둘째, 다양한 형식과 매체를 활용하는 동시대 미술작가 6명에 대한 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰를 통해 작품활동 과정별로 기록 생산 현황을 조사하였고, 기록유형별로 관리실태를 조사하였다. 셋째, 조사 내용에 대한 분석을 토대로 작가, 미술관, 아키비스트 등이 작품 기록화를 위하여 협력, 지원해야 할 사항을 제안하였다. 지원 영역은 교육프로그램의 제공, 미술관의 작품활동 기록화, 기록화를 위한 도구 개발 및 지원으로 구분하였다.

실내,외공간의 전이공간으로서 현대 오피스 아트리움의 생태적 특성

김송도 ( Song Do Kim ),이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2008 建設技術論文集 Vol.27 No.1