한국인에 있어서 MDRI 유전자(exon 12, 21 및 26)의 일배체형 분석

김세미,박선애,조혜영,이용복,Kim, Se-Mi,Park, Sun-Ae,Cho, Hea-Young,Lee, Yong-Bok 한국약제학회 2008 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.38 No.6

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of the SNPs on MDR1 exon 12, 21 and 26 in Korean population and to analyze haplotype frequency on MDR1 exon 12, 21 and 26 in Korean population. A total of 426 healthy subjects was genotyped for MDR1, using polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic tests. Haplotype was statistically inferred using an algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM). MDR1 C1236T genotyping revealed that the frequency for homozygous wild-type (C/C), heterozygous (C/T) and for homozygous mutant-type (T/T) was 20.19%, 46.48% and 33.33%, respectively. MDR1 G2677T/A genotyping revealed that the frequency for homozygous G/G, heterozygous G/T, homozygous T/T, heterozygous G/A, heterozygous T/A and for homozygous A/A type was 30.75%, 42.26%, 9.86%, 7.51 %, 7.04% and 2.58%, respectively. MDR1 C3435T genotyping revealed that the frequency for homozygous wild-type (C/C), heterozygous (C/T) and for homozygous mutant-type (T/T) was 38.73%, 50.24% and 11.03%, respectively. Twelve haplotypes were observed. Of the three major haplotypes identified (CGC, TTT and TGC), the CGC haplotype were mainly predominant in the Korean populations and accounted for 29.96% of total haplotype in Korean.

세프질$^{(R)}$ 정 250밀리그람 (세프프로질 250밀리그람)에 대한 프로세질 정 250밀리그람의 생물학적동등성

김세미,강민선,조혜영,이용복,Kim, Se-Mi,Kang, Min-Sun,Cho, Hea-Young,Lee, Yong-Bok 한국임상약학회 2010 한국임상약학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Cefprozil is a broad-spectrum oral beta-lactam cephalosporin consisting of cis- and trans-isomeric mixture whose ratio is approximately 90:10. Cefprozil is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as bronchitis and ear, skin, and throat infections. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefprozil tablets, $Cefzil^{(R)}$ tablet 250 mg (BMS Pharmaceutical Korea., Ltd.) and Procezil tablet 250 mg (Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The in vitro release of cefprozil from the two cefprozil formulations were tested using KP VIII Apparatus I method with water dissolution media. Thirty five healthy male subjects, $24.00{\pm}1.53$ years in age and $69.77{\pm}9.99$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After four tablets containing 1000 mg as cefprozil were orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cefprozil in serum were determined using HPLC/UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in water tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ on the basis of total-cefprozil were calculated, and computer program (K-BE Test 2002) was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Cefzil^{(R)}$ tablets, were -0.81%, -3.00% and -6.83% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.9515~log 1.0454 and log 0.9613~log 1.0465 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Procezil tablet was bioequivalent to $Cefzil^{(R)}$ tablet.

가바펜틴 800밀리그람 정제의 생물학적동등성시험

김세미,신새벽,강현아,조혜영,이용복,Kim, Se-Mi,Shin, Sae-Byeok,Kang, Hyun-Ah,Cho, Hea-Young,Lee, Yong-Bok 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Gabapentin, 1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexaneacetic acid, is a amino acid derivative, and is clinically effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain and partial seizures of epilepsy as a complementary therapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two gabapentin tablets, $Neurontin^{R}$ tablet 800 mg (Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Gabapenin tablet 800 mg (Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of gabapentin from the two gabapentin formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with 0.06 M HCI dissolution media. Twenty six healthy male subjects, $23.85{\pm}2.24$ years in age and $69.40{\pm}11.11$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ crossover study was employed. After a single tablet containing 800 mg as gabapentin was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of gabapentin in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in the tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Neurontin^{R}$, were 1.28%, 0.63% and 0.62% for $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.9097{\sim}log1.1598$ and $log0.8919{\sim}log1.1262$ for $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Gabapenin tablet 800 mg was bioequivalent to $Neurontin^{R}$ tablet 800 mg.

가바펜틴 400밀리그람 캡슐의 생물학적동등성시험

김세미,강현아,조혜영,신새벽,류희두,윤화,이용복,Kim, Se-Mi,Kang, Hyun-Ah,Cho, Hea-Young,Shin, Sae-Byeok,Yoo, Hee-Doo,Yoon, Hwa,Lee, Yong-Bok 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Gabapentin, [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexaneacetic acid], a structural analog of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is being developed for the treatment of epilepsy. Unlike GABA, gabapentin crosses the blood-brain barrier after systemic administration. Gabapentin is an effective antiepileptic drug in patients with partial and secondarily generalized seizures who are uncontrolled with use of existing anticonvulsant drug therapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two gabapentin 400 mg capsules, $Neurontin^{(R)}$ capsule 400 mg (Pfizer Inc.) and Gabatin capsule 400 mg (Korean Drug Co. Ltd), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of gabapentin from the two gabapentin formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty six healthy male subjects, 23.58$\pm$1.50 years in age and 66.74$\pm$8.31 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2$\times$2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 400 mg as gabapentin were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of gabapentin in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Neurontin^{(R)}$ capsule 400 mg, were 2.04, -3.68 and 16.79% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.91$\sim$log 1.16 and log 0.87$\sim$log 1.11 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Gabatin capsule 400 mg was bioequivalent to $Neurontin^{(R)}$ capsule 400 mg.

Homage to Roy Lichtenstein: Korean Traditional Folk Painting NO.1

Se-Mi Kim(김세미) 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2023 No.12

Fatty Acid 추출제를 사용한 용매추출법에 의한 Praseodymium과 Dysprosium의 분리

김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),이은수 ( Eun Su Lee ),김정훈 ( Jeong Hoon Kim ),김영운 ( Young Wun Kim ),박종목 ( Jong Mok Park ),허남호 ( Nam Ho Heo ),강호철 ( Ho Cheol Kang ) 한국환경분석학회 2013 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.16 No.2

The separation of praseodymium and dysprosium has been studied by solvent extraction using fatty acid series such as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and oleic acid as an extractant in kerosene as a diluent. In this study, we want to know extractive trend depending on the carbon chain length and the pH of aqueous phase. The results obtained from solvent extraction of praseodymium and dysprosium using fatty acids are as follows; the pH0.5 of dysprosium is from 4.93 to 5.94, and that of praseodymium is from 4.24 to 5.34. The pH0.5 of them is increased with increasing the length of the carbon chain of the fatty acid. Using 1.5 M octanoic acid as an extractant, we can get the highest separation factor of praseodymium and dysprosium that is 49.

일본잎갈나무조림지의 생태적 변화와 그 결과를 통해 확인된 복원 효과

김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),안지홍 ( Ji Hong An ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyung Lim ),피정훈 ( Jung Hun Pee ),김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ),이호영 ( Ho Young Lee ),조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.2

Developmental process of vegetation over years after afforestation was analyzed in the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations with different stand ages. The height and diameter of Japanese larch increased rapidly until 24 years after afforestation and tended to be blunted thereafter. The density of Japanese larch was similar with each other in the 8 and 17 years old stands but was reduced greatly in the 24 years old plantation and changing little thereafter. The floristic composition of the Japanese larch plantation did not show any clear trend depending on stand ages. The differences of species composition among plantation themselves with different ages were bigger than those between plantations and the reference stands, Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) stands. Japanese larch plantations showed a trend of succession to native vegetation dominated by Mongolian oak based on the results of analysis of frequency distribution by diameter class of major tree species. Species richness and diversity of all plantations were higher than those of the reference vegetation. As were shown in the above mentioned results, it can be evaluated that Japanese larch plantations practiced in the level of the functional restoration achieved successful restoration based on the floristic composition similar to the reference vegetation, the successional trend toward native vegetation, and higher species diversity compared with the reference vegetation.

‘把’자문의 정보구조 연구

金世美(Kim Se-mi) 중국어문학연구회 2009 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.56

서술적 실험 설계분석을 통한 과학 영재 창의성 탐색

김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),조미영 ( Mi Young Cho ),김성원 ( Sung Won Kim ) 한국과학교육학회 2012 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.32 No.1

This study investigated factors of creativity and interaction between factors that are revealed when gifted students designed scientific experiments. For this, we firstly developed items which required the written process of designing experiments to explore creativity factors. Then, we used these items as a part for letters of self introduction to students who applied for 2011 correspondence education of general physics for the Korea Physics Olympiad. 513th letters of self-introduction which were analyzed to investigate factors of creativity in view of creativity definition after researchers` consultation, which specifically means a combination of divergent and convergent thinking. The results were as follows; (1) in the step of hypothesis building, we could not only find Originality and the Flexibility & Fluency, which were factors of divergent thinking, but also Coherency and Elaborateness, which were factors of convergent thinking. (2) in the step of the hypothesis testing, we could explore Originality, Flexibility & Fluency in divergent thinking and Coherency, Reliability, Clarity, Elaborateness in convergent thinking. (3) we also figured out three creativity types of gifted students from the viewpoint that creativity is a consequence of interaction between divergent thinking and convergent thinking; a) Type A showed divergent and convergent factors of creativity in the step of hypothesis building. However, type A did not include divergent factors of creativity on the process of the hypothesis testing. b) Type B had divergent and convergent factors of creativity on the process of the hypothesis testing, but it had not convergent factors of creativity on the step of hypothesis building. c) Finally, in Type C, only divergent factors of creativity appeared on the process of the hypothesis testing, but convergent factors of creativity could be found on the step of hypothesis building and hypothesis testing.

LPS에 의해 활성화된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 수삼깍두기의 항염증 효과

김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),전영주 ( Young Joo Jeon ),심현지 ( Hyun Ji Sim ),이영은 ( Young Eun Lee ) 한국식생활문화학회 2015 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 수삼깍두기의 발효 과정에서 진세노사이드의 비배당체로의 전환정도를 확인하고 수삼깍두기의 항염증효과를 조사하여 수삼의 고부가가치화 가능성 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 4년근 수삼을 이용하여 염도가 1.4%가 되도록 깍두기를 제조한 후 15oC에서 숙성시키며, 숙성기간별 품질특성과 진세노사이드의 비배당체로의 전환 양상을 확인하였다. 또한 수삼깍두기의 항염증효과는 RAW 264.7 세포를 이용하여 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 유도한 염증에 대해 nitric oxide(NO) 생성, 염증성 cytokine과 염증성물질 변화로 확인하였다. 수삼깍두기는 10일째에 pH와 산도가 각각 4.30, 1.63%로 숙성적기를 나타내었으며, 그 이후에는 산도의 급격한 변화가 없었다. 적색도와 황색도는 숙성기간에 따라 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 명도는 유의적으로 점점 어두워지는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 숙성됨에 따라 인삼 특유의 향과 쓴맛이 감소하였으며 고춧가루가 어우러져 색은 진해졌으며 숙성 10일째 전체적인기호도가 가장 좋아 3.56점을 나타내었으며, 숙성되었을 때 생것일 때 보다 기호도가 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 유산균 수는 숙성기간 중 지속적으로 증가하여 109 CFU/mL까지 도달하였다. β-Glucosidase는 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 1.154에서 1.885 unit/g으로 효소활성이 증가되었다. 발효가 진행될수록 배당체가 미미하지만 비배당 체인 ginsenoside Rg3로 전환되어 그 함량이 1일째 0.13에서 20일째 0.17 mg/g으로 증가함을 HPLC를 통해 확인하였다. 수삼깍두기의 세포독성 실험 결과, 숙성기간과 상관없이80 μg/mL까지 세포생존을 확인하였으며, 숙성기간에 따라 농도 의존적으로 NO생성을 억제하였다. 염증매개효소인 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)와 cyclooxygenase(COX)-2의 발현도 또한 농도 의존적으로 감소됨을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 수삼깍두기는 15oC에서 10일째가 숙성적기였으며, 기호도는 숙성 적기 이후로도 계속 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 발효에 의해 유산균 수는 10배 이상 증가하였으며 β-glucosidase 활성의 증가로 진세노사이드의 비배당체 Rg3로의 전환을 확인하였다. 또한 NO 생성, iNOS와 COX-2 발현을 농도 의존적으로 억제함으로써 수삼깍두기가항염증 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. This study was conducted to investigate the bioconversion of ginsenosides as well as anti-inflammatory activities of fresh ginseng Kkakdugi during fermentation. Fresh ginseng Kkakdugi reached proper ripeness, pH 4.30, and acidity 1.69% at 15oC after 10 days. Lactic acid bacteria grew until reaching 1.10×109 CFU/mL after 20 days of fermentation, and β- glucosidase activity increased from 1.154 to 1.885 units/g. The bioconversion of ginsenosides was confirmed based on increased content of Rg3, an aglycone, from 0.13 to 0.17 mg/g during fermentation through HPLC. Fresh ginseng Kkakdugi did not display cytotoxicity up to the concentrations of 80 μg/mL, regardless of ripening period. Nitrite production and expression of inflammation-related proteins, iNOS and COX-2, decreased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of ripening period. From these results, fresh ginseng Kkakdugi showed the bioconversion of ginsenosides to aglycone during the lactic acid fermentation as well as an anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction of NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression.