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김성환,임정현,박나형,문창종,박수현,강성수,배춘식,김성호,신동호,김종춘,Kim, Sung-Hwan,Lim, Jeong-Hyeon,Park, Na-Hyeong,Moon, Changjong,Park, Soo-Hyun,Kang, Seong-Soo,Bae, Chun-Sik,Kim, Sung-Ho,Shin, Dong-Ho,Kim, Jong-Choon 대한수의학회 2010 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.50 No.2
This study investigated the potential effects of amitraz on the pre- and postnatal development, behavior, and reproductive performance of offspring of parent rats given amitraz during pre-mating, gestation, and lactation. The test chemical was administered via the drinking water containing 0, 40, 120, and 360 ppm to male rats from 2 weeks before mating to the end of 14-day mating period and to females from 2 weeks before mating, throughout mating, gestation and lactation up to weaning. Based on fluid consumption, the male rats received an average of $0,\;5.7{\pm}1.33,\;13.2{\pm}2.08,$ and $35.8{\pm}3.42$ mg/kg/day amitraz, and the female rats received an average of $0,8.7{\pm}4.42,\;20.1{\pm}9.60,\;and\;47.6{\pm}22.38$ mg/kg/day amitraz, respectively. At 360 ppm, an increase in the incidence of abnormal clinical signs, a suppression in the body weight gain, a decrease in the food consumption and litter size, an increase in the post-implantation loss, and a decrease in the seminal vesicle weight were observed in the parent animals. In addition, a suppression in the body weight gain, a decrease in the grip strength, a delay in the negative geotaxis, an increase in the pre- and post-implantation loss, and a decrease in the number of live embryos were observed in the offspring. At 120 ppm, suppressed body weight gain and reduced food consumption were observed in the parent rats. Suppressed body weight gain and decreased grip strength were also observed in the offspring. There were no signs of either reproductive or developmental toxicity at 40 ppm. Under these experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of amitraz for parent rats and their offspring was estimated to be 40 ppm in rats.
마이크로웨이브 조사를 이용한 반도체성 단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 선택적 분리
김성환,송우석,김유석,김수연,박종윤,Kim, Sung-Hwan,Song, Woo-Seok,Kim, Yoo-Seok,Kim, Soo-Youn,Park, Chong-Yun 한국진공학회 2011 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.20 No.4
본 연구에서는 열화학기상증착법과 나노구조의 Fe/$Al_2O_3$/Si 촉매층을 이용하여 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 합성하고 마이크로웨이브 조사를 통해 금속성 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 선택적으로 제거하고 반도체성 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 분리하였다. 조사시간의 변화에 따른 단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 전기적, 구조적 특성을 분석한 결과, 조사시간이 120초인 경우, 금속성의 단일벽 탄소나노튜브가 선택적으로 제거되어 약 95%의 반도체성 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 분리할 수 있었으며, 뿐만 아니라 남아있는 반도체성 단일벽 탄소나노튜브가 손상 없이 우수한 결정성을 지니는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 방법은 반도체성 단일벽 탄소 나노튜브를 기반으로 한 전계효과 트랜지스터 및 다양한 나노전자소자의 응용에 유용한 정보를 제공하리라 기대한다. In this study, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized on a Fe/$Al_2O_3$/Si layer by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Metallic SWCNTs were selectively removed by microwave irradiation. Electrical and structural characterizations of the SWCNTs clearly revealed that the metallic SWCNTs were almost removed by microwave irradiation for 120 sec. The remained semiconducting SWCNTs with a high crystalline structure were obtained over 95%. This method would provide useful information for applications to SWCNTs-based field effect transistors and multifaceted nanoelectronics.
SrCl<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>,Na<sup>+</sup> X-선 영상저장 형광체의 발광특성
김성환,김완,강희동,도시홍,서효진,김영국,김도성,Kim, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Wan,Kang, Hee-Dong,Doh, Sih-Hong,Seo, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Young-Kook,Kim, Do-Sung 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.6
Photoluminescence(PL), photostimulated luminescence(PSL) and thermoluminescence(TL) in $SrC1_2$:$Eu^{2+}$ , $Na^{+}$ phosphor powder were measured, and the activation energies(trap depth) of traps associated with TL and PSL were investigated. The PL and PSL in the studied sample is due to the $4f^{6}$ 5d\longrightarrow$4f^{7}$transition of $Eu^{ 2+}$. TL glow curve is single peak, and its peak temperature is about 377.2 K. The PL, PSL and TL emission spectra of the phosphors are located in the range of 380∼440 nm, peaking at 408 nm. The activation energy of the PSL trapping center is 0.78 eV and that of the TL trapping center is 0.79 eV. We, thus, suggest that the trapping centers giving rise to the PSL are identical to those giving rise to the TL.
김성환,박장현,Kim, Seong-Hwan,Park, Jang-Hyun Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 2005 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.9 No.1
본 논문은 단일입력 단일출력 비선형 계통에 대해서 강인한 출력궤환 제어기를 제시한다. 이전의 출력궤환 비선형 제어기가 모두 동적인 관측기 기반으로 설계된 반면 본 논문에서는 출력의 과거값들만을 이용하여 상태변수를 추정하는 새로운 방식을 제안하고 이를 후방차분 상태추정기라 명했다. 실제 상태변수값과 추정치와의 오차를 보상하기 위해서 제어입력에 강인제어항을 추가하였고 그것의 이득을 자동으로 조정하는 적응 알고리듬을 채택했다. 전체 폐루프 시스템은 출력 추종 오차가 점근적으로 안정하도록 그리고 모든 신호가 유계이도록 제어입력과 적응법칙이 설계된다. 제시된 제어기를 역진자 계통에 적용한 모의실험을 통해서 성능을 검증하였다. This paper describes the design of a robust output-feedback controller for a single-input single-output nonlinear dynamical system with a full relative degree. While all the previous research works on the output-feedback control are based on dynamic observers, a new state estimator which uses the past values of the measurable system output is proposed. We name it backward-difference state estimator since the derivatives of the output are estimated simply by backward difference of the present and past values of the output. The disturbance generated due to the error between the estimated and real state variables is compensated using an additional robustifying control law whose gain is tuned adaptively. Overall control system guarantees that the tracking error is asymptotically convergent and that all signals involved are uniformly bounded. Theoretical results are illustrated through a simulation example of inverted pendulum.
의암호 퇴적물 내 인공방사성동위원소 (<sup>134</sup>Cs, <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>239+240</sup>Pu) 분포특성 연구
김성환,이상한,오정석,최종기,강태구,Kim, Seung Hwan,Lee, Sang-Han,Oh, Jung Suk,Choi, Jong Ki,Kang, Tae Gu 대한방사선방어학회 2015 방사선방어학회지 Vol.40 No.4
공공수역 내 방사성물질 분포특성 파악을 위하여 춘천시 의암호 퇴적물 내 인공방사성핵종인 $^{134}Cs$, $^{137}Cs$, $^{239+240}Pu$과 자연방사성동위원소인 $^{210}Pb$을 분석하였고, 퇴적물 내 유기물의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 총 유기탄소(total organic carbon, TOC)를 분석하였다. 의암호 퇴적물 내 $^{134}Cs$ 농도는 4지점 모두 minimum detectable activity(MDA) 미만으로 나타났으며, $^{137}Cs$ 농도는 $MDA{\sim}8.79Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}-dry$으로 나타났다. 표층 내 $^{137}Cs$의 농도는 $2.4{\sim}4.2Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}-dry$의 범위를 나타냈고, St. 4에서 최소값, St. 3에서 최대값을 보였다. 의암호 퇴적물 내 $^{239+240}Pu$ 농도는 $0.049{\sim}0.47Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}-dry$의 농도를 보였고, St. 2에서 최소값이, St. 3에서 최대값이 나타났다. $^{239+240}Pu$과 $^{137}Cs$ 농도의 상관관계 (r)는 0.54~0.97로 이들 두 핵종의 퇴적물 내 거동과 기원이 유사한 것으로 사료된다. $^{134}Cs$의 농도가 MDA 미만으로 검출된 점과 $^{239+240}Pu/^{137}Cs$의 평균값 0.041이 과거 대기 핵실험기원의 농도 비와 비슷한 값이 나타나는 점으로 의암호 퇴적물 내 인공방사성동위원소 ($^{134}Cs$, $^{137}Cs$, $^{239+240}Pu$)의 기원은 후쿠시마 사고가 아닌 과거 핵실험에 인한 낙진의 영향으로 사료된다. 의암호 퇴적물 내 $^{210}Pb$의 결과를 이용하여 퇴적물의 퇴적률을 산출한 결과, St. 2에서 $0.31{\pm}0.06cm{\cdot}y^{-1}$의 퇴적률을 나타냈으며, 이는 $^{137}Cs$의 퇴적물 내 peak를 1963년으로 가정하였을 때 측정된 퇴적률, $0.41{\pm}0.05cm{\cdot}y^{-1}$와 불확도($2{\sigma}$)의 범위에서 유사한 값으로 나타내었다. 의암호 퇴적물 내 TOC는 0.20~13.01%의 값이 나타났으며, 퇴적물 내 TOC와 $^{137}Cs$의 상관관계는 St. 1에서 다른 지점에 비해 높게 나타났다. The objective of this study is to identify the radionuclide distribution in public water by carrying out the analysis of artificial radionuclides($^{134}Cs$, $^{137}Cs$, $^{239+240}Pu$), natural radionuclide($^{210}Pb$) and TOC in the lake Euiam sediment in Chuncheon, South Korea. The $^{134}Cs$ concentration in all lake sediments showed below MDA values, and the $^{137}Cs$ concentration in lake sediment were ranged from MDA to $8.79Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}-dry$. The $^{137}Cs$ concentrations in surface sediment were reported to be 2.4 to $4.2Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}-dry$. The lowest concentration of $^{137}Cs$ was reported at St. 4 and the highest concentration was reported at St. 3, respectively. The $^{239+240}Pu$ concentration in lake sediment were ranged from 0.049 to $0.47Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}-dry$. The lowest concentration was reported at St. 2 and the highest concentration was reported at St. 3. The correlation(r) between the $^{239+240}Pu$ concentration and $^{137}Cs$ concentration in lake sediment presented higher values (0.54 to 0.97) and this suggests the behavior and origin of $^{137}Cs$ is identical to the $^{239+240}Pu$ in the sediment. The $^{134}Cs$ concentration below MDA value and the $^{239+240}Pu/^{137}Cs$ ratio(mean value of 0.041) indicated that the artificial radionuclides in the sediment were originated from global fallout by the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons conducted by former USSR and U.S.A, but not from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. The sedimentation rate derived from $^{210}Pb$ age-dating method at St. 2 is calculated to be $0.31{\pm}0.06cm{\cdot}y^{-1}$. This value is similar to the value ($0.41{\pm}0.05cm{\cdot}y^{-1}$) estimated from the $^{137}Cs$ maximum peak produced from early 1960's. The content of TOC in lake Euiam sediments varied from 0.20 to 13.01%. While the highest correlation between TOC and $^{137}Cs$ concentration in the sediment were found at St. 1, the others presented the low correlation.