다중 지불이 가능한 PayWord 기반의 소액 지불 프로토콜

김선형(Sun-Hyoung Kim),김태윤(Tai-Yun Kim) 한국정보과학회 2003 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.30 No.2

본 논문에서는 대표적인 소액 지불 프로토콜 중의 하나인 PayWord를 개선한 효율적인 지불 프로토콜을 제안한다. 기존의 PayWord 시스템은 사용자가 해쉬 체인 연산을 수행하여 생성된 payword를 하나의 지정된 판매자에게만 지불할 수 있도록 설계되어 있다. 즉 사용자는 인터넷상의 수많은 판매자들과 거래를 하기 위해서 각 판매자에 대한 해쉬 체인 값을 새로 생성해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 결점을 보완하기 위해 사용자가 한 번 생성하는 해쉬 체인 값으로도 다른 판매자들과 거래를 할 수 있는 효율적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템에서는 브로커가 사용자의 인증서 발급 요청에 대하여 인증서와 함께 새로운 해쉬 체인 값을 생성한다. 이 인증서에는 사용자에게 payword를 생성할 수 있는 권한을 부여하기 위해 브로커의 전자 서명이 되어 있다. 브로커가 생성하는 새로운 해쉬 체인 값은 사용자가 한 번의 해쉬 체인 연산의 수행으로 여러 판매자들과 거래할 수 있는 수단을 제공한다. In this paper, we propose an efficient payment protocol by improving PayWord, which is one of the representative micropayment protocols. The original PayWord system is designed for a user who generates paywords by performing hash chain operation for payment to an only designated vendor. In other words, a user has to create new hash chain values in order to establish commercial transactions with different vendors on the Internet. Therefore, we suggest an efficient scheme that is able to deal with business to different vendors by using only one hash chain operation to supplement this drawback. In this proposed system, a broker creates a new series of hash chain values along with a certificate for the user's certificate request. This certificate is signed by a broker to give authority enabling a user to generate hash chain values. New hash chain values generated by a broker provide means to a user to do business with multiple vendors.

유아기 자녀 어머니 변인에 따른 강점활용 분석

김선형(Kim, Sun Hyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.10

본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 개인 변인들과 개인강점에 따라 일상생활속에서 강점활용정도에 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 부산지역에 소재한 유아교육기관에 다니고 있는 자녀를 둔 어머니 150명을 대상으로 2016년 3월 10일부터 일주 일간 설문조사를 통하여 자료를 수집하고, 최종 119명을 선정하였다. 어머니의 개인변인은 연령, 학력, 취업여부, 그리고 자녀 수를 중심으로 강점활용 정도를 살펴보았고, 어머니의 개인강점은 긍정심리학의 강점 개념을 바탕으로 범주화된 자료를 사용하였다. 강점활용정도는 한국판 강점활용척도(K-SUS)를 사용하여 강점활용노력과 강점활용맥락 측면에서 측정하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 첫째, 유아기 자녀 어머니의 학력과 취업여부에 따라 강점활용정도에 차이가 있었으나, 어머니의 연령과 자녀수 변인은 강점활용정도에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 유아기 자녀 어머니의 개인강점에 따라 강점활용정도에 차이가 나타났으나, 집단 간 차이는 통계적으로 나타나지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 유아기 어머니를 위한 구체적 행복 지원 및 강점개발프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine how mothers with young children were different in the extent of using strengths in their lives according to their social-demographic characteristics. Participants of the study were 119 mothers having at least one child aged 0 to 5. To achieve the above purpose, this study examined the extent to which mothers were using their strengths in accordance with their socio-demographic characteristics like age, educational background, employment and the number of children. Here, those strengths were categorized based on the definition of strengths from the positive psychology. For the examination, the study used a Korean version of the strengths use scale(K-SUS) to measure how much participants were using their strengths, especially in terms of individual efforts to use those strengths and situations or contexts in which the strengths are used(Park Boo-keum & Lee Hee-kyung, 2012). The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, educational background and employment made a difference in the extent of using strengths between mothers with young children, but age and the number of children didn t make such difference. Second, mothers with young children were individually different in the extent of using strengths, but no statistically significant difference was found when those mothers were divided into groups. In conclusion, this study found that mothers with young children are different in the extent of using strengths in their lives in accordance with their socio-demographic characteristics, providing basic information for creating programs that support the happiness and strength development of those mothers.

유아그림수학능력검사 과정에서의 오류 유형에 관한 연구

김선형(Sun Hyoung Kim),황해익(Hae Ik Hwang) 한국아동학회 2007 아동학회지 Vol.28 No.3

유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용에 따른 양육효능감, 부모만족, 부모동기 간 차이 연구

김선형(Kim Sun Hyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.18

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting self-efficacy, parental satisfaction, and parent s motivation variables according to the utilization of strengths of the mothers with young children. For this purpose the study conducted a questionnaire survey of 197 mothers with young children. To achieve the above purpose, the utilization of strength scale measures how much participants were using their strengths, especially in terms of individual efforts to use those strengths and situations or contexts in which the strengths are used. The parenting self-efficacy scale has five sub-factors; affection, everyday system organization, discipline, play, and education. The parenting satisfaction scale is single factor and the parent s motivation scale has two sub-factors; internal and external factors. The result of this study was as followings; First, there were analyzed with the three types of clusters according to the mother s strength utilization; low-level, middle-level, and high level group for utilization of strengths. Second, according to the mother s strength utilization cluster type, there were statistically significant differences in parenting self-efficacy and all five sub-factors of parenting self-efficacy; affection, everyday system organization, discipline, play, and education. Lastly, according to the mother s strength utilization cluster type, there were statistically significant differences in the mother s satisfaction, and a significant difference in the factors of internal motivation among the parent s motivation. 본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용 군집유형에 따른 양육효능감, 부모만족, 부모동기 변인 간 관계를 알아보는 연구이다. 이를 위해 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니들에게 설문을 실시하였고, 설문에 충실한 응답 197명을 최종 대상으로 선정하였다. 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용 정도는 강점활용노력과 강점활용맥락 측면에서 살펴보았고, 양육효능감은 애정, 일상체계조직, 훈육, 놀이, 교육 요인을 측정하였다. 부모역할만족감은 단일요인으로 측정하였고, 부모동기는 외적동기와 내적동기 요인으로 측정하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 첫째, 유아기 자녀 어머니의 강점활용 정도에 따라 세 그룹의 군집유형이 도출되었고, 군집유형의 특징을 고려하여 ‘강점활용 상위집단’, ‘강점활용 노력집단‘, ’강점활용 하위집단‘으로 구분하였다. 둘째, 어머니의 강점활용 군집유형에 따른 양육효능감의 하위요인별 차이를 살펴본 결과, 애정, 일상체계조직, 훈육, 놀이, 교육의 다섯 요인에서 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로 강점활용 군집유형에 따라 어머니의 부모만족감에 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 부모동기 중에는 내적동기 요인에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.

유아기 어머니의 행복플로리시 잠재집단분석 연구

김선형(Kim Sun Hyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.8

본 연구는 유아기 어머니의 행복관련 변인을 통한 잠재집단 유형을 중심으로 어머니의 행복플로리시를 심층적으로 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 유아교육기관에 다니는 영유아 자녀를 둔 어머니 300명을 연구대상으로 자료 수집을 하였다. 수집된 자료는 잠재집단분석 방법의 하나인 잠재프로파일 분석을 통하여 잠재집단을 유형화 하고. 잠재집단별 행복플로리시 특징을 통계 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 첫째, 유아기 어머니의 행복플로리시 잠재집단 유형은 취업상태의 행복플로리시 어머니 집단(잠재집단1)과 전업주부상태의 행복플로리시 어머니 집단(잠재집단2)으로 두 집단이 도출되었다. 둘째, 잠재집단별 행복플로리시 범주 특징은 개인의 행복한 삶 범주, 관계 속의 행복한 삶 범주, 그리고 환경맥락 속의 행복한 삶 범주에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났고, 자녀와 행복한 삶 범주에서만 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로 행복플로리시 범주 내 하위영역에서는 삶만족, 성장 및 성취, 양육역할만족, 가정경제환경, 사회환경 영역에서 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이를 통해 유아기 어머니의 행복플로리시를 심층적으로 이해할 수 있는 행복프로파일의 기초 마련에 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to explore latent classes and relevant variations focusing on the mothers with young children through happiness in flourishing. For this purpose the study conducted a questionnaire survey of 300 mothers with young children at early childhood education institutions. To achieve the above purpose, latent profile analysis using the Mplus program and latent classes were analyzed about happiness in flourishing by SPSS program. The result of this study was as followings; First, there were analyzed with the two types of latent classes according to the mother s happiness in flourishing; a group of working mothers(latent class1), and the other group of mothers in housewives(latent class2). Second, according to the two latent classes of mother s happiness in flourishing categories, there were statistically significant differences in the individual psychology, the social relationship, and the environment situation in categories. But there weren t statistically significant differences in the maternal role category of the mother s flourishing. Lastly, according to the latent classes in sub-area within categories of mother s happiness in flourishing, there were statistically significant differences in the mother s satisfaction, the self-achievement, the parenting role satisfaction, the perception of the economic level of subjective assumptions, and the satisfaction with life in the community. Base on this findings, implication was given for promoting mothers with young children flourishing.

인상학을 적용한 오페라 <초인종>의 무대분장에 관한 연구

김선형 ( Sun-hyoung Kim ),김의형 ( Eui-hyoung Kim ) 한국미용학회 2016 한국미용학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This paper aims to describe characters by applying physiognomy to the makeup used for the performers in the opera . Spiridione was performed by an actor whose age and roles were similar to that of the character’s, allowing the actor’s appearance to be kept as is. Since the actor playing ‘Enrico’ had thin hair and had to express a character 20 years younger, the facial complexion was given a reddish tint and hair made up using hair powder and black shadow. The actress playing Serafina had to appear 20 years younger so the eyebrows were drawn to be angular and eyes were made up to be slanted as an elegant beauty. The actor playing Don Annibale was given thick wrinkles to look older by 20 years and the eyebrows and eyes were given a drooping appearance to look good and gentle. The actor playing Madame Rosa had to look older by 30 years; her facial complexion was made darkened and wrinkles were drawn. In accordance with the analysis, makeup using physiognomy enabled the expression of younger or older appearances regardless of the age or appearance of the actors and actresses and helped the audience to more easily understand the performance because the desired characters could be expressed.Since makeup can be used for identifying and visualizing the changes required by the characters in the performance and the flow and contents of the performance, it may be natural to apply physiognomy to express appearance in a way that complies with the characters’features.

청소년의 외모만족도가 자아존중감과 외모관리행동에 미치는 영향

김선형 ( Sun-hyoung Kim ),김의형 ( Eui-hyoung Kim ) 한국미용학회 2016 한국미용학회지 Vol.22 No.6

This study investigated the effects of appearance satisfaction regarding self-esteem and appearance management behavior in adolescents. Was used to form 289 portions in the final analysis for this study, it was carried out the frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, linear regression. According to the analysis, relationships among appearance satisfaction, self-esteem and appearance management behavior are as follows: As respondents were more satisfied with their appearance, their home and social self-esteem increased. In contrast, makeup behavior and weight control behavior decreased. The relationship between appearance satisfaction and appearance management behavior is as follows: As personal and social self-esteem increased, hair care behavior increased. In addition, as personal self-esteem increased, skin care behavior improved. The relationship between self-esteem and appearance management behavior is as follows: As personal and social self-esteem increased, fashion management behavior improved. As home self-esteem increased, in contrast, fashion management behavior declined. As home and social self-esteem increased, weight control behavior improved. As personal self-esteem increased, on the contrary, weight control behavior decreased.

유아기 자녀 어머니의 행복플로리시척도를 통한 프로파일 분석 및 활용

김선형(Kim Sun Hyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.14

본 연구는 유아기 자녀 어머니의 행복플로리시척도를 통하여 프로파일 구조를 중심으로 어머니의 행복에 관한 보다 심층적 정보를 제공하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 만 0세부터 만 5세까지 영유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니 347명을 대상으로 2019년 3 월부터 4월에 걸쳐 자료를 수집 회수하였다. 수집된 자료는 다차원척도 분석, 프로파일 분석을 실시하였고, 분석 결과는 첫째, 어머니의 행복플로리시척도에 따른 차원구 조는 3차원 모형으로 개인 심리-어머니역할 관계 차원(x차원), 사회적 지지-환경맥락 차원(y차원), 가정 내 관계-사회적 관계 차원(z차원)으로 도출되었다. 둘째, 어머 니의 행복플로리시 잠재 프로파일 집단은 척도내 개인 양육 관계 환경 범주요인을 중심으로 상 중 하 수준의 3집단으로 드러났다. 이는 유아기 자녀 어머니의 행복플로리시척도 활용으로 행복개념의 체계적 접근을 통하여 유아기 어머니 행복 지원의 방향 제시 및 실증적 탐색에 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to provide more in-depth information about mother s happiness by analyzing the structure of factors in flourishing for a mother with young children. To achieve this goal, this study measured the flourishing of 347 mothers having at least one child aged 0 to 5. The collected data were analyzed by multi-dimensional scaling analysis using SPSS program and latent profile anaysis using Mplus program. As a result, the dimension structure according to the mother s flourishing scale was most suitable for the three-dimensional model based on STRESS values and RSQ values. The three-dimensional structure was the individual psychology and maternal role factor(x dimension), the social support and environment situation(y dimension), and the family relationship and social relationship (z dimension). And the latent potential profile groups based on the mother s flourishing factor turned out to be the three groups of the flourishing is divided into the upper , middle, and lower levels, with the focus on the personal traits, childrearing, interpersonal relations and environmental contexts categories. Based on these results, it is meaningful to suggest a direction of support for mother s happiness according to the structure of the element of flourishing in early childhood mothers.

색조 메이크업 시 사용되는 스펀지의 미생물 오염도

김선형 ( Sun Hyoung Kim ),조진아 ( Jin A Cho ) 한국미용학회 2007 한국미용학회지 Vol.13 No.1

차량 교통량 및 통행속도에 따른 도로소음 영향 비교 연구

김선형(Hyoung Sun Kim),박상원(Sang Won Park),백용규(Young Kyu Baik) 대한설비공학회 2019 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

In recent years, road traffic noise has been increasing due to overcrowding in urban areas and increased traffic volume. In this case, the apartment house manages the noise of the traffic noise by mandating the noise measurement at the project approval stage and the noise measurement at the use inspection stage based on the "Apartment house noise measurement standard(Notice No. 217-558 of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)". However, in Article 20, paragraph 3 of this standard, it is stipulated that the noise of the road is measured on the day of the week with the highest traffic volume, but the main / night time zone, the state of the road surface and the speed of the vehicle are also It is judged that it is impossible to accurately reflect the noise of the road to prescribe to measure the day of the week with the highest traffic noise as the main factor of the noise of the road. Therefore, this study aims to provide useful information and planning direction applicable to architectural design practice by analyzing factors such as time zone, road surface condition, vehicle speed, traffic noise, have.