부산 다행복학교와 일반 중학교 교사의 교사효능감 비교 분석

김석우(Kim suk woo),이신영(Lee sin young),장재혁(Chang jae hyuck),황석현(Hwang seok hyun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.3

목적 본 연구에서는 부산형 혁신학교인 부산 다행복학교와 일반 중학교 교사의 교사효능감을 개인적 교사효능감과 집단적 교사효능감으로 구분해서 비교⋅분석하고자 실시하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 B광역시 소재 부산 다행복학교 6개교, 일반 중학교 6개교의 교사 280명을 대상으로 2021년 3월1일부터 3월15일까지 온라인 설문을 실시한 뒤, 총 237명의 설문결과를 기반으로 기술통계, 신뢰도 검증을 실시하고, t-검증을 통해 변인 간 차이를 살펴보았다. 결과 연구결과, 첫째, 부산 다행복학교 교사와 일반 중학교 교사의 개인적⋅집단적 교사효능감은 개인적 교사효능감이 집단 간 차이가 있었다. 따라서 다행복학교 교사의 개인적 효능감이 일반 중학교 교사의 개인적 효능감보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 개인적 교사효능감에서 하위변인 중, 자기조절효능감, 자신감이 부산 다행복학교 교사가 일반 중학교 교사보다 높았다. 셋째, 다행복학교 근무경력에 따른 개인적⋅집단적 교사효능감은 하위변인 중, 자기조절효능감, 자신감, 교수과제분석에서 집단 간 차이가 있었다. 세부적으로는 1~3년 미만의 교사 집단이 상대적으로 높았으며, 3년 이상 교사 집단은 상대적으로 낮았다. 결론 이와 같은 연구결과는 부산형 혁신학교인 부산 다행복학교 교사의 개인적⋅집단적 교사효능감을 높여 교사의 효능감의 상승이 교육의 수요자인 혁신학교 학생들의 행복한 교육, 성장하는 교육으로 이뤄질 수 있도록 학교혁신 지원방안 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. Objectives In this study, it was conducted to compare and analyze the teacher efficacy of teachers at Busan Dahappiness School and General Middle School, which are Busan-type innovative schools, by dividing them into personal teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy. Methods To this end, an online survey was conducted on 280 teachers from 6 schools in Busan and 6 general middle schools in B Metropolitan City from March 1 to March 15, 2021, followed by technical statistics and reliability verification based on a total of 237 survey results, and t-verification to examine differences between variables. Results AAs a result of the study, first, there was a difference between groups in the personal and collective teacher efficacy of teachers at Busan Multi-Happiness School and general middle school teachers. Therefore, the personal efficacy of teachers in multi-happiness school was higher than that of general middle school teachers. Second, among the sub-variables in personal teacher efficacy, self-regulated efficacy and confidence were higher in teachers at Busan Happy School than in general middle school teachers. Third, there were differences between groups in the analysis of self-regulation efficacy, confidence, and teaching tasks among the sub-variables in personal and collective teacher efficacy according to the working experience of multi-happiness school. In detail, the teacher group under 1 to 3 years was relatively high, and the teacher group over 3 years was relatively low. Conclusions These findings can be used as basic data to prepare support measures for school innovation so that the increase in teacher efficacy can consist of happy education and growing education for innovation school students, who are consumers of education.

CBAM 모형을 활용한 중학교 교사의 과정중심평가 관심도 및 실행도 분석

김석우(KIM, Suk-Woo) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 중학교 교사들의 과정중심평가에 대한 관심도 및 실행도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 따라 부산광역시 중학교에 재직중인 교사 350명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 이중 불성실하게 응답한 자료는 제외하여 310명을 최종 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 본 연구 목적을 규명하고자 Excel 2016, SPSS 23.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관분석, 다변량 분산분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 도출한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육경력, 연령 배경변인은 중학교 교사 과정중심평가의 관심도에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 변인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교육경력, 연령, 성별 배경변인은 중학교 교사 과정중심평가의 실행도에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 변인으로 도출되었다. 과정중심평가는 학습자의 성장을 위해 과제수행의 과정에 대한 평가, 성취기준에 기반을 둔 평가, 수업 중 이루어지는 학생평가라고 할 수 있다. 좋은 취지인 것도 사실이나 본 연구결과를 통하여 연구대상의 일반적 배경변인에 따른 관심도와 실행도의 차이가 있음을 확인하였으므로 과정중심평가를 교육현장에 적용하는데 있어 심도 있는 논의와 이에 대한 지원이 필요할 것이다. 이에 더해 중학교 교사들에게 과정중심평가에 관한 정교하며 지속적인 연수를 제공하여 과정중심평가의 시행이 일시적이 아닌 지속적일 것이라는 확신이 필요한 시점이라 할 수 있겠다. The purpose of this study was to examine middle school teachers concern and Level of use for process-based assessment. For this purpose data was collected from 350 teachers at Busan Middle School, and 310 were selected as the final analysis targets. To analyze the data in this study, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and multivariate variance analysis were used. First, it was found that the background variables by age and educational background were statistically significant differences in concern of middle school teachers process-based assessment. Second, the background variables of education experience, age, and gender were derived as variables with statistically significant differences in levels of use of middle school teacher process-based assessment. It is necessary to provide middle and high school teachers with elaborate and continuous training on the process-based assessment to convince implementation of the process-based assessment.

사학부(史學部) : 서진(西晉)시기 두예(杜預)의 춘추학(春秋學)과 사서(史書)에 기초한 경전(經典) 해석의 실례(實例)

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ) 한국중국학회 2015 중국학보 Vol.74 No.-

From the Tang dynasty, Du Yu’s footnote was estimated as an official interpretation of Spring and Autumn. And it was regarded as an important step to independent of historiography from the Scripture study. Du Yu thought that he first discovered the ‘examples of meaning’ (義例) from the Zuo-Zhun (左傳), and believed that such examples were made by Zhou-gong (周公) and Confucius. And many Spring and Autumn scholars regarded those ‘examples’ as core part of Du Yu’s study, they thought that it could expressed Du Yu’s main viewpoint of Spring and Autumn. However, Han scholars also stressed on the ‘examples of meaning’, based on the Gong-Yang-Zhuan (公羊傳), it was a important way of scripture study. And we may say that understanding Spring and Autumn in accordance with such ‘examples’ is not a way of historiography. In his famous ‘preface of Spring and Autumn’ (春秋左氏傳序), Du Yu stressed understanding the relations of historical facts, which was critical to comprehend the sage’s scripture. In this point, he highlighted the ‘historical understanding’ of Spring and Autumn. He annotated by three writing patterns, one of them was 224 cases for description of historical relations. <(A) 爲 B 傳> type have 141 cases, and <(A) 爲 B 張本 / 起本> have 83 cases. These footnotes clearly shows that the feature of Du Yu’s historical approach. Moreover such explanation of historical relations expose the commentator’s ideal of Spring and Autumn. If the emperor was a tyrant, he could be assassinated or expelled from power. When he misused his power, Du Yu’s footnotes tried to show that misfortune should happen without exception. And also showed that the infringements of li, literally ‘ritual’, caused lots of troubles. Such description of cause-and-effect relations of historical facts is likely correspond to the method of historiography. So the types of <(A) 爲 B 傳> and <(A) 爲 B 張本 / 起本> footnotes is the concrete examples of scripture study based on the history. In these explanations, Du Yu indirectly displayed his political idea which fostered from his days.

2011년 집중호우로 인한 산사태 발생특성 분석

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김진학 ( Jin Hak Kim ),김민식 ( Min Sik Kim ),김민석 ( Min Seok Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

Rainfall is widely recognized as a major landslide-triggering factor. Most of the latest landslides that occurred in South Korea were caused by short-duration heavy rainfall. However, the relationship between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence is poorly understood. To examine the effect of rainfall on landslide occurrence, cumulative rainfall (mm) and rainfall intensity (mm/hr) of serial rain and antecedent rainfall (mm) were analyzed for 18 landslide events that occurred in the southern and central regions of South Korea in June and July 2011. It was found that all of these landslides occurred by heavy rainfall for one or three days, with the rainfall intensity exceeding 30 mm/hr or with a cumulative rainfall of 200 mm. These plotted data are beyond the landslide warning criteria of Korea Forest Service and the critical line of landslide occurrence for Gyeongnam Province. It was also found that the time to landslide occurrence after rainfall start(T) was shortened with the increasing average rainfall intensity(ARI), showing an exponential-decay curve, and this relation can be expressed as「T = 94.569·exp (-0.068·ARI)(R2= 0.64, p<0.001)」. The findings in this study may provide important evidences for the landslide forecasting guidance service of Korea Forest Service as well as essential data for the establishment of non-structural measures such as a warning and evacuation system in the face of sediment disasters.

2~3세기 巴蜀 지역의 史學과 士人의 이주

김석우(Kim, Suk-Woo) 한국사학사학회 2012 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.26

후한 제국의 해체 이후 학술 사상에는 큰 변화가 있었다. 종래의 經學 일변도의 학술 분류가 經史子集 등 여러 분야로 분류되기 시작하였으며, 史學의 발전은 특히 두드러진 일로 평가되어 왔다. 이 글은 2~3세기(後漢末 魏晉시기) 史學의 발전을 지역의 관점에서 조망하고, 지식의 교류와 융합의 과정이 史學의 발전에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 하였다. 특히 당시 史學이 학술을 주도했다고 평가되는 巴蜀을 연구의 대상으로 삼았다. 譙周의 『古史考』, 陳壽의 『三國志』, 常璩의 『華陽國志』 등 이 지역 출신 학자들이 생산한 史書들은 漢晉 간 역사학의 대표적인 성과들이었다. 후한 제국의 해체 이후 대규모의 인구 이동은 파촉 지역의 학술계에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 다수의 고문 경학자들이 유입되었다. 이주 가문 출신인 郤正은 劉知幾의 『史通』에서 蜀漢의 史官으로 소개되었는데, 그의 열전에 남아있는 『釋譏』라는 글은 漢代에는 만나기 어려운 새로운 역사 의식을 표현하고 있다. 여기에서 역사는 개인의 노력과 무관하게 흘러가는 자연의 흐름과 같은 것이고, 그 안에서 영위하는 本性에 따르는 삶이 무엇보다 중요하였다. 道家的 합리주의에 기초한 역사관이 巴蜀에서도 등장하고 있음을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 역사 의식은 여러 요소들이 겹치면서 형성된 것이라 할 수 있다. 패망을 앞둔 촉한의 정치 상황에 대한 체념 뿐 아니라, 정치적 명분보다 역사를 중시하는 고문 경학이 파촉으로 유입되어 영향을 미친 점, 그리고 파촉인들에게 확산된 曹魏 受命의 讖緯 등이 결합된 결과로 보인다. 이와 같은 파촉의 사례는 후한 이후 역사학의 발전을 이해할 때, 서로 다른 학술 문화의 융합이라는 측면이 깊이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. 陳壽의 『三國志』가 합리적인 역사 서술과 대량의 讖緯를 동시에 포함하고 있는 것 또한 그러한 측면에서 설명해 볼 수 있을 것으로 본다. This article accounts for the development of history writing of Ba-shu (巴蜀) region in the early medieval time. After the collapse of Han dynasty, chinese trend of thought and scholarship changed significantly, it is noteworthy that academic field of history became independent from the study of Confucian classics. Not a few scholars already examined this academic issue, but they usually overlooked the regional point of view. Qiao-zhou(譙周), Chen-shou(陳壽), Chang-ju(常璩), they were most important historians at Wei-Jin time, and also were Ba-shu, region of upper Yangtze river valley, scholars. Middle region (中原) was famous for its xuan-xue (玄學), but Ba-shu’s leading scholarship was history. Why the Ba-shu’s history writing became so remarkable? In the end of the first chinese empire, hundreds of thousands of people moved to Ba-shu region, and many “old text” confucian scholars were included. History was taken very seriously by this “old text” scholars. Xi-zheng (郤正) was a member of immigrant family, he expressed the new historical consciousness in his small essay, “explain to the criticism (釋譏)”, in which he explained why he was so passive to the political issues. According to his point of view, history has its own way, man can not change it. In such skeptical understanding, we can find the Taoist current of thought. Such view of history, based on the Taoist rationalism, influenced the Ba-shu region’s development of history. Resignation over Shu-han (蜀漢) dynasty, and magical prophecies which predict the Cao-wei(曹魏) dynasty’s legitimacy, also influenced the emergence of new historical way of thinking. Chen-shou‘s three kingdom’s history (三國志) was famous for its logical narration, but it also has a lot of mystic and irrational prophecy materials. Such discordance reflect that the development of Ba-shu’s history writing based on the fusion of different cultural factors.

곰솔 해안방재림의 형상비를 고려한 밀도 관리의 필요성과 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),박기형 ( Ki Hyung Park ),임영협 ( Young Hyup Lim ),윤주웅 ( Ju Ung Yun ),권세명 ( Se Myoung Kwon ),윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),이진호 ( Jin Ho Lee ),( Yukiyoshi Teramoto ),( Tsugio 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

This study examined methods for stand density control by using shape ratio (tree height/DBH) and its application for effective management of Pinus thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests. We analyzed the present conditions (height, DBH, and density) of P. thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests at 123 study sites on Jeju Island and west, south, and east coasts of South Korea and compared them with results from previous studies. The average shape ratio for P. thunbergii showed positive correlations with stand density and was significantly higher on the west coast (66.32) than on the south (49.57) and east (48.19) coasts and Jeju Island (48.29). Stands with shape ratio higher than 70 accounted for 50% of the total study sites on the west coast, indicating a decrease in their disaster prevention function compared to that of other previous studies. The stand density in most coastal areas, except the east coast, was significantly higher than the standards recommended by the Korea Forest Service and the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute of Japan, indicating the need for stand density control. According to the growth estimation equation for P. thunbergii in the coastal area of South Korea, density control is required for young stands less than 14 years old, which show drastic increase in the shape ratio, to conserve their disaster prevention function. Particularly, the first thinning of P. thunbergii forests should be implemented before the stand age of 8 years that a shape ratio exceeds 70. For disaster-prone young stands (≤ 20 cm DBH) of P. thunbergii, the stand density was higher in the standard of Japan considering shape ratio than in that of Korea aiming timber production. Hence, the standard guidelines employed in Japan, which assign higher importance to disaster prevention function based on field surveys, can be applied effectively for controlling the stand density of P. thunbergii coastal forests in South Korea, to improve their disaster prevention function.

魏晉時期 水軍 활동과 자연재해 : 造船과 環境의 관계를 중심으로

金錫佑(Kim Suk-woo) 중국고중세사학회 2010 중국고중세사연구 Vol.24 No.-

西晉 시기 杜預 『左傳』주석의 몇 가지 형식과 그의 정치적 이상

김석우(Kim Suk Woo) 동양사학회 2015 東洋史學硏究 Vol.130 No.-

중학교 방과후학교 프로그램 평가척도 개발

김석우(Kim, Suk-Woo),한홍련(Han, Hong-Ryeon),김수연(Kim, Su-Yeon) 한국교육평가학회 2009 교육평가연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 현행 방과후학교 프로그램 운영에 있어 체계적인 평가체제가 미흡하다는 문제인식 하에 방과후학교 프로그램의 질을 평가할 수 있는 평가척도를 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 문헌분석과 교육현장의 경험을 바탕으로 평가영역 및 평가문항을 선정하고, 1차 방과후학교 운영 담당교사 및 부장교사, 2차 평가전문가 의견수렴의 2회에 걸친 문항평가를 통해 최종 평가항목을 선정하였다. 이 과정에서 CIPP 평가모형을 적용해 부산광역시 5개 교육청 소속 100명의 중학교 교사를 대상으로 한 예비검사와 300명을 대상으로 한 본검사를 실시하였다. 검사의 결과는 타당도와 신뢰도 분석을 통해 내용타당성 확보와 검사사도구의 양호도를 검증하였고, 요인분석을 통해 추출된 5개 요인을 활용하여 구인타당도를 검증하였다. 연구결과 CIPP 평가 모형의 체계적 절차에 따른 상황, 투입, 과정, 산출의 유형별 평가영역은 요구 및 준비, 예산 및 운영, 활동, 과정평가, 효과성 요인으로 명명된 5개 차원의 50개 평가항목으로 구성되었다. The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation scale for middle school after-school program. To achieve the purpose, utilizing the CIPP evaluation model, evaluation criteria and evaluation items for the after-school program were selected, and then an evaluation scale for middle school after-school program was developed. The tools used for the analysis were on-line opinions, survey, focus group interviews, satisfactory test, document analysis. For achieving these concrete research objects, six teachers concerning the management of the after-school program, six specialists in the field of education measurement and evaluation, the opinion survey was carried out over 100 instructive teachers at middle school located in Busan metropolitan city area, and 208 middle school teachers in cities wide. The results of this study were as the follows; First, 5 criteria and 50 items were found by the results of the second research problem. In context evaluation, 1 criteria and 3 items such as needs assessment & previously readiness were used.. In input evaluation, 1 criteria and 23 items such as program budget and program management schedule were used. In process evaluation, 2 criteria and 21 items such as program activity and program process evaluation were used. In product evaluation, 1 criterion and 3 items such as effectiveness evaluation were used. As a result, the after-school evaluation tool has a function for both quantitative and qualitative perspectives, evaluation and instruction method according to student's level in light of output evaluation.

고 이상옥 장관의 헌신을 기리며

김석우(Kim Suk-woo) 한국외교협회 2023 계간 외교 Vol.- No.145