金範禹와 그의 가계

김두헌(Kim Doo-Hean) 한국교회사연구소 2010 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.34

This paper studied on the Kim Beom-u (金範禹) and his lineage who was first persecuted in 1785 for his belief in Roman Catholicism (天主敎). Followings are results of the research in this paper: First, the Kim Beom-u's ancestors began to separate themselves from YangBan (兩班) lineage and to form Chungin (中人) lineage in the early 17th century. From that time on, some of the Kim's ancestors passed not only Mugua (武科) but also Japgua (雜科). Although they passed Mugua, their social status as Chungin were unchanged. The existing arguments that Kim's lineage was changed from Muban (武班) status into Chungin status must be reexamined because their social status was never changed since they had became Chungin in the early 17th century. Second, though Kim Beom-u's father Kim Ui-seo (金義瑞) had four legitimate children from his wife who had been still alive, he had more children from a concubine. He also paid some funds for publications of his lineage books, ChogPo (族譜). Such actions were very popular practices in Chungin society. On the contrary, the fact that Kim Ik-han (金翊漢), Kim Beom-u's great-grandfather, after passing the YugGua (譯科), became active in a chief interpreter of a diplomatic envoy to Beijing (北京) illuminated that Kim Beom-u's lineage seems to be quite open to the outside world. Third, the existing research emphasized that Chungin accommodated Catholicism because of their resistance to the discrimination by YangBan. But Chungin also must be giving up desires for getting public offices or concubines to receive Catholicism. Kim Beom-u, as the member of a powerful Chungin lineage, must have more determination than other Chungin members become a Catholic believer because Kim Beom-u could easily get those advantages such as public offices or concubines. Fourth, Kim Beom-u was intimate with Yi-Byeok (李檗) because they were related by marriage. Their in-lawships were formed by Kim Ssi (金氏) who was Jeong Yak-yong (丁若鏞)'s father's concubine. But the most important reason for their intimate relationships was the fact that Kim Beom-u was a man of great knowledge. The fact that Yi-Byeok was a great scholar and Kim Beom-u propagated many people such as not only Chungin but also YangBan make me surmise their close relations. Fifth, the Kim Beom-u's descendants still had married with Chungin after 20 years of his persecution. Kim Dong-yup (金東曄), Kim Beom-u's grandson, who resided in Mil-Yang (密陽), associated with YugGuan (譯官) who kept high ranking public offices in Seoul. The purpose of his intimate relations with them was to maintain his social position for his family. Kim Dong-yup kept the relationship by marriage and the scop of the relationship was very wide. Through this fact we can conclude that interrelationship in the late ChoSon (朝鮮) society was very powerfully influenced by not only blood but also marriage. Sixth, through this research I can notice that the most important qualification of Chung in was kept in the blood, and Chungin must marry Chungin and reside in Seoul or suburb to maintain it's status.

청의정

김두헌,Kim, Du-Heon 대한건축사협회 1984 建築士 Vol.1984 No.6

소형 가스 열병합 발전 시스템 보급을 위한 국내 영업환경 분석

김두헌,Kim, Du-Heon 한국설비기술협회 1995 설비 : 공조ㆍ냉동ㆍ위생 Vol.12 No.1

포스터 발표 - 무기재료분과 / 전기화학분과 / 촉매분과 : 알루미늄의 양극용출에 의한 수산화알루미늄의 제조

김두헌,엄성현,이충영,남종우 ( Doo Hun Kim,Sung Hyun Um,Chung Young Lee,Jong Woo Nam ) 한국공업화학회 1997 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1990 No.3

창덕궁 가정당

김두헌,Kim, Du-Heon 대한건축사협회 1983 建築士 Vol.1983 No.9

청심정

김두헌,Kim, Du-Heon 대한건축사협회 1984 建築士 Vol.1984 No.5

알루미늄의 양극용출에 의한 수산화알루미늄의 제조

김두헌,엄성현,이충영,남종우 ( Doo Hun Kim,Sung Hyun Um,Chung Young Lee,Jong Woo Nam ) 한국공업화학회 1997 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1997 No.0

일제 강점기 군산 영동 상가 개성상인 김용진(金瑢鎭)·한민수(韓民洙)·홍종식(洪鍾植)의 거주지 이동과 군산에서의 삶

김두헌(Kim Doo-Heon) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2020 역사문화연구 Vol.76 No.-

일제 강점기 군산 영동 상가 개성상인 김용진, 한민수, 홍종식 등은 보다 나은 상업적 이익을 얻기 위해 안면도와 목포 등을 경유하여 군산으로 이주하였다. 이들은 군산에서 상업 활동을 하면서도 가족 일부 또는 대다수를 개성에서 거주하게 하면서 고향 개성을 삶의 근거지로 계속 유지하였다. 상대적으로 이동성이 강한 개성 상인이면서도, 고향 개성을 삶의 근거지로 중시하였던 것이다. 이들은 영동 상가에서 포목 관련 업종에 종사하였고, 혼인을 통해 인척관계를 형성하면서 긴밀한 유대관계를 맺었으며, 사업장에서는 가족들이 협업하는 등 강한 결속력과 협동력을 보였다. 천주교를 신앙으로 선택하여, 불모지나 다름없던 군산 지역에 군산 공소를 설립하여 천주교를 활성화시켰으며, 신앙 공동체 대표로서 교회 설립을 위해 많은 액수를 기부하는 등 적극적인 신앙생활을 전개하였다. 이들 중에 특히 김용진은 주변의 불우한 아동들의 문맹 탈피를 위해 오랜기간 동안 많은 사재를 쾌척하여 야학교를 운영하였다. 이상의 일제 강점기 항해 도시 군산에서의 개성상인들의 삶에 대한 본 연구의 결과가 향후 근대기 또는 일제 강점기 개성상인들의 삶의 모습에 대한 연구의 촉진제가 되기를 기대한다. In the Japanese occupation period, the Gaesong(開城) merchants, Kim Yong-Jin(金瑢鎭), Han Min-Soo(韓民洙), and Hong Jong-Sik(洪鍾植) moved to Gunsan(群山) via Anmyeondo(安眠島) and MokPo(木浦), etc. for better commercial gain. While doing commercial activities in Gunsan, they kept their hometown, Gaesong as a base for their lives, allowing some or most of their families to reside in Gaesong. Although they were a highly mobile merchants, they valued his hometown, Gaesong as a commercial base. They were engaged in the industry related to linen and cotton in the Yeongdong shopping district in Gunsan, and formed close ties through marriages. In the business, families collaborated with each other. They showed strong solidarity and cooperation. They chose Catholicism as their spiritual resting place and established a Gunsan Gongso(公所, small church) in Gunsan, which was almost barren, to promote Catholicism and to donate a large amount of money to establish the church. In order to break away from illiteracy among underprivileged children around him, Kim Yong-Jin managed a night school for a long time. This study expects to be a facilitator on all aspects of the Gaesong merchant‘s life in the Japanese occupation period.

고등학교 국사 교수

김두헌(Kim, Doo-Heon) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2011 역사문화연구 Vol.38 No.-

본고에서는 고등학교 국사 교수-학습에서의 가계 기록을 자료로 사용한 사료학습에 대해서 알아보았다. 먼저 한국 역사상 존재하였던 가계 기록의 종류와 그 내용을 간략하게 소개하였다. 한국의 대표적인 가계 기록인 족보는 고려 말부터 간행되었지만, 조선 전기에 간행되어 현전하는 것은 30편 내외에 지나지 않는다. 가승은 족보보다 먼저 편찬되었는데, 족보를 구성하는 가장 기본적인 가계 기록이었다. 내외보와 팔고조도는 현전하는 수가 적지만 외가를 폭넓게 수록하였다는 점에서 부계 위주의 족보와 다른 특징이 있다. 각 성관의 주요 가계를 간추려 정리한 종합보에는 거의 대부분 양반 가계가 수록되어 있다. 교과 내용과 관련된 가계 기록에 대한 기존의 연구 성과로 다음 네 가지 사실을 들었다. 첫째, 유교가 조선 사회의 모든 분야에서 막대한 영향을 미친 사회 이념이라는 사실이다. 둘째, 조선 사회가 가문 중심의 사회였다는 사실이다. 셋째, 임진왜란을 기점으로 여성의 지위가 변화되었다는 사실이다. 넷째, 조선 후기에 시간이 흐를수록 유력한 가문의 문벌화가 심화되어 갔다는 사실이다. 그리고 이러한 기존의 연구 성과와 관련된 고등학교 교과 내용들을 제시하였으며, 이들을 서로 연관시켜 학습하는 방안에 대해서도 언급하였다. 가계 기록을 자료로 사용한 사료 학습의 효과로는 다음 네 가지를 들었다. 그것은 첫째 시간의 연속성을 느끼는데 가장 효과적이라는 것, 둘째 자신의 정체성과 주체성을 갖는데 효과적이라는 것, 셋째 보편성과 개별성을 인식하는데 효과적이라는 것, 넷째 가족애와 친족애를 고취시키는데 효과적이라는 것 등이다. 가계 기록을 자료로 사용한 사료 학습 시 교사가 유의해야 할 점으로는 다음 세 가지를 제시하였다. 첫째, 학생들에게 족보가 없다는 사실이 부끄러운 것이 아니라는 것을 이해시켜주어야 한다는 것, 둘째 오늘날의 시대 이념에 적합한 가계 기록을 만들기를 권고해야 한다는 것, 셋째 족보의 내용 중에 허위도 있지만 거의 대부분은 진실성이 뛰어나다는 사실도 밝혀 주어야 한다는 것과 족보의 위조된 부분을 가려내는 방법 등이다. 교수-학습 방안에 대해서는 가계 기록 사료 학습은 교과 진도와 직접적으로 관련해서는 본시 학습에서 관련이 있을 때마다 활용하는 분산적 접근 방법과, 교과 진도와 상관없이는 주제 접근 방법을 사용할 수 있다는 것. 주제 접근 방법의 가계 기록 사료 학습은 한 종류의 사료만을 학습 자료로 사용하여 관련 교과 내용을 학습한 이후에 통괄적으로 학습 내용을 이해하는 학습이라는 점에서 기존의 사료 학습과 다르다는 것을 언급하였다. 그리고 사료 학습은 드물게 실시하는 학습이므로, 교과 내용뿐만 아니라 교과 외의 내용도 학습하고 학습 내용과 현재와의 관련성도 포함시킴으로써 학생들에게 역사에 대한 이해를 심화시키고 역사학의 실용적 가치를 느끼게 할 것을 권장하였다. 한편 이러한 학습 내용과 방안이 담긴 사료 활용 카드와 학습지도안을 작성하여 제시하였다. This paper studied on the teaching and learning used genealogical records as the learning materials in the korean history classes of high school. First, the types and the contents of korean genealogical records were introduced. Chogbo(族譜) referring to typical korean genealogical records was published from the end of Goryeo(高麗) era in the korean history, but there are only thirty pieces of them which have come down from the early Chosun(朝鮮) dynasty. Gaseung(家乘) compiled before Chopbo was the fundamental genealogical record. Though the number of Naeoebo (內外譜) and Palgojodo(八高祖圖) is few in existence, but they are different from Chogbo which mainly copes with paternal line, in that they contain the history of mother’s side. Yangban(兩班) lineage was almost written in the Chonghabbo(綜合譜) that arranged main lineages of each clan. The previous results of research on genealogical records related to subject matter were presented. First, the confucianism was a dominated social idea in the Chosun(朝鮮) dynasty. Second, the Chosun society was set by family. Third, Imjinwailan(壬辰倭亂) was the standing point of the change of women’s social status. Finally, the rate that influential clan occupied high office was gradually intensified in the late Chosun. The educational effects of historical materials learning used genealogical records were presented. First, it is the most effective to cognize the continuity of time. Second, to assure the identity and subjectivity of one’s own is effective. Third, to be aware of the universality and individuality is effective. Fourth, to infuse the love for family and relatives is effective. It is recommended to keep the following three things in mind when an instructor makes a use of genealogical records as historical learning materials. First, teacher should impress that it is not shame of not having Chogbo(族譜). Second, it should be promoted to compile genealogical records to suit social ideas of today. Third, it should be clarified that most of genealogical records are credible enough to be used as historical materials though some of them contain false information. And the way to detect the parts of forgeries was presented. On the method of teaching and learning, genealogical records can be used with dispersive approach available at any time the lesson is related to them partially and subject approach when is related generally. The subject approach method used genealogical records is different from the other historical materials learning in the way on teaching and learning progressed with only one type of historical materials. As subject approach is rarely carried out in one year, it was encouraged to study not only subject contents but also substances beyond them and include connection between past and present in order to help students profoundly understand history and its practicality. It was showed historical materials application cards and lesson plan containing learning contents and methods mentioned above.

고등학교 국사 교수-학습에서의 고문서 사료학습

金斗憲(Kim Doo-Heon) 歷史敎育硏究會 2011 역사교육 Vol.117 No.-

This paper studied on teaching and learning used ancient documents(古文書) as learning materials in 2~3grades korean history classes in high school. It is the first study on the history education academia. At first, the archaeologist’s definition is suggested that ancient documents are those which have been exchanged interpersonally. Consequently, it is presented for not only the fact that the old documents are more beneficial than others, but that they are appropriate as educational materials. In korean history textbooks, however, it is pointed out that they are less rendered than other materials, and the problem is showed that the basic explanation isn’t indicated. In the process of learning, it is presented that selecting and criticizing learning resources should be replaced with the teacher’s explanation because the contents of ancient documents are difficult. Because it is rarely planned to include old documents in organizing learning contents during a year, it is encouraged to comprise learning contents of a more in-depth and systematic ones by using temporal, integrated, exceptional, relative, multidisciplinary, and contemporary approach. In choosing and producing learning contents of ancient documents, first, it is referred which condition should be took into consideration. And when old materials are used as learning materials, it is suggested to display them as they are according to hierarchy of difficulty.