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김도형 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2002 한국문화연구 Vol.3 No.-
The field of modern Korean history had to overcome premodern perspectives and systems of historiography as well as the colonial historiography from the Japanese colonal period. It attempted to discard chronologies and other earlier methods of historiography for narratives that were oriented more towards human relationships where the nation and people were the subject of history. Those peopie the base of modern historical studies were ‘reformed Confucianists’ (kaesin yuhak cha) who were active during the time of the Great Han Empire. Their modern reform theories could be called pyonbop ron(變法論) or legal reform theories. They attempted to modernize by adopting modern political theories that they then applied to a foundation based on traditional culture informed by Confucianism. In this respect,although they were inclined towards complete Westernization, their ideas of modernization differed from other enlightenment theories Their compromise between new learning and old learning, which formed the basis of their reform ideas, also attached great importance to the writing of history. At the time, this system of modern historiography was presented as ‘new history’(sinsa).They pointed out the deficiencies of historical methods as they compiled numerous histories written by Japanese. The Japanese perspective on Korean history permeated these works. Advocates of pyonbop theories who believed in the need for a nationalist approach to historical writing were harshly critical of this aspect and instead turned their focus to the historical studies of sirhak (‘practical learning’) scholars. Critical of Sino-centric approaches to history, they stressed ‘national history’ (kuksa) and carried on a tradition of evidential analysis using primary documents. The kyemong enlightenment movement that unfolded after 1905 was a movement that targeted serf-strengthening and the reclamation of national rights. Although education and industrial development was deemed necessary for self-strengthening, they also emphasized mental and spiritual elements, such as concepts of a fatherland (choguk chongsin), national spirit (kukhon), and national characteristics (kuksu). They attempted to develop national spirit and patriotism through the writing of national history, a kind of historiography that was spearheaded by none other than pyonbop theorists such as Pak Un-sik(朴殷植, 1859-1925), Sin Chae-ho(申采浩, 1880-1936) and others. Criticizing the historical writing that held China in such high esteem, they promoted the importance of national history, with particular emphasis its heroes and historical writing about heroes who triumphed over foreign invasion. By 1910, the limitations to self-strengthening and productivity theories were increasingly apparent, causing a rift within the enlightenment movement itself. Among those, Pak Un-sik and Sin Chae-ho arrived at their own distinct interpretations of the true nature of Social Darwinist theories and the despotic nature of imperialism, and came to view the new citizen (sin kungmin) and the people (kungmin) as the subjects of history. While also pointing out the mistakes of Confucianism, upon which they had been dependant, they instead emphasized Tangun and traditional religions that put forth a new historical paradigm centered on Tangun, Koguryo and Parhae. Actively pursuing such historical research in the 1910s, they presented nationalism in terms of preservation of national characteristics while they groped for new alternatives to the national movement. Into the 1920s, as theories of national spirit and national characteristics were fused together with new concepts, a modern nationalist historiography emerged. Stressing humanism and equality among citizens, they viewed the masses as a solution to the national problem. Even though Pak Un-siks The Bloody History of the Korean Independence Movement(『韓國獨立運動之血史)), written in 1920, continued to advocate national spirit, after World War I and the Russian Revolution, his historical writings focused increasingly on worldwide changes and the issue of nation and the people. Sin Chae-ho also presented a historical theory based on the struggle between the self(我) and the non-self(非我), claiming that indigenous morals was a foreign concept and arguing that the national problem had to be understood from the perspective of the masses. This ultimately formed the foundation of modern Korean historiography.
수전해용 세공충진 양이온 교환막 및 막-전극 접합체의 개발
김도형,송찬호,문성민,강상현,박진수,강문성 한국막학회 2017 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.05
Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a promising technology for hydrogen production. Meanwhile, recently, hydrogen water production has attracted great attention owing to the increasing demand in healthcare market. Therefore, hydrogen water production via PEM water electrolysis has also gained much interest. The PEM is the key component dominating the hydrogen production efficiency in the system. Although a Nafion meets the criteria for a number of key physical properties required for the operation in PEM water electrolysis, it is too expensive for commercial applications. In this work, therefore, we have developed the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with cost-effective pore-filled PEMs via a nonequilibrium impregnation-reduction (I-R) method.
역전기투석 응용을 위한 이오노머가 코팅된 세공충진 이온교환막의 제조 및 특성분석
김도형,강문성 한국막학회 2016 멤브레인 Vol.26 No.1
In this study, we have prepared engineering polymer-based ionomers and pore-filled ion-exchange membranes (PFIEMs) employing a porous polyethylene substrate and combined them to fabricate the ionomer-PFIEM composite membranes for the reverse electrodialysis (RED) application. Both the electrochemical properties comparable to those of the commercial ion-exchange membranes (AMX/CMX, Astom Corp., Japan) and the physical stability adaptable to the practical uses have been achieved by integrating the ionomers having a high ion conductivity and the PFIEMs with an excellent mechanical strength. The RED performances have been evaluated by employing the prepared ionomer-PFIEM composite membranes and therefore excellent power generation performances were shown as the levels of 86.4% and 104.8% for the anion-exchange membrane and cation-exchange membrane, respectively, compared with those of the commercial membranes. 본 연구에서는 역전기투석 응용을 위해 엔지니어링 고분자 기반의 이오노머와 다공성 폴리에틸렌 지지체를 사용한 세공충진 이온교환막을 제조하고 이를 결합한 이오노머-세공충진 복합막을 제조하였다. 이온전도도가 높은 이오노머와 우수한 기계적 강도를 가진 세공충진막을 결합함으로써 상용 이온교환막(AMX/CMX, Astom Corp., Japan) 대비 동등 수준의전기화학적 특성 및 응용에 적합한 물리적 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다. 제조된 이오노머-세공충진 복합막을 이용하여 역전기투석 성능을 평가한 결과 상용막 대비 음이온 교환막의 경우 86.4%, 양이온 교환막은 104.8% 수준의 우수한 발전성능을 나타내었다.
알칼라인 직접 액체 연료전지를 위한 세공충진 음이온 교환막의 제조 및 특성 평가
김도형,박진수,강문성 한국막학회 2016 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.05
Alkaline direct liquid fuel cells (ADLFCs) employing anion-exchange membranes as a fuel barrier have attracted significant attention as promising alternative energy sources. ADLFCs are allowed to use more abundant anode catalysts which are cheaper than the catalyst used in that using hydrogen fuel. In this work, novel pore-filled anion-exchange membranes (PFAEMs) were successfully fabricated by combining a highly porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film and cationic polyelectrolytes with structurally stable anion-exchange sites. The results of the membrane characterizations revealed that the optimization in the crosslinking degree and hydrophilicity of membranes should be considered for the successful application of the PFAEMs to ADLFCs. (KETEP)(20153030031720) and (MOTIE) (No. 10047796).