볼류트 형상이 원심 펌프의 성능에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치 해석적 연구

김덕수,전상규,윤준용,최영석,Kim, Deok-Su,Jeon, Sang-Gyu,Yoon, Joon-Yong,Choi, Young-Seok 한국유체기계학회 2006 한국유체기계학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

In this study, the effects of volute area distribution on the performance of a centrifugal pump were numerically studied using a commercial CFD code. To reduce the shutoff head, maintaining head and efficiency at a design flow rate, the flat head-capacity characteristic curves in which the head varies only slightly with capacity from shutoff to design capacity are frequently required. In order to control the shutoff head of a pump, several volute cross-sectional area distributions were proposed as a main parameter with the same impeller geometry The calculation results show that the slope of the performance characteristic curve of the centrifugal pump can be controlled by modifying the area distribution from volute tongue to volute outlet with fixed volute outlet area and also varied volute outlet area.

해외동향분석-일본 기술력의 근원과 일본 기술의 특성

김덕수,Kim, Deok-Su 과학기술정책연구원 1995 과학기술정책 Vol.- No.78

제언 - 최저가 대안 '종심제' 불만확대 왜?

김덕수,Kim, Deok-Su 대한기계설비건설협회 2015 기계설비 Vol.296 No.-

쌍롤식 연속주조공정에서의 난류유동 및 거시적응고 해석

김덕수,김우승,조기현,Kim, Deok-Su,Kim, U-Seung,Jo, Gi-Hyeon 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.25 No.3

The transport phenomena in a wedge-shaped pool of twin-roll continuous caster are affected by the various operating parameters such as the melt-feed pattern, roll-gap thickness, melt-superheat, and casting speed. A computer program has been developed for analyzing the two-dimensional, steady conservation equations for transport phenomena during twin-roll continuous casting process in order to estimate the turbulent melt-flow, temperature fields, and solidification in the wedge-shaped pool. The turbulent characteristics of the melt-flow were considered using a low-Reynolds-number K-$\xi$ turbulence model. Based on the computer program, the effects of the different melt-feed patterns, roll-gap thicknesses, and superheats of melt on the variations of the velocity and temperature distributions, and the mushy solidification were examined. The results show that the liquidus line is located considerably at the upstream region, and in the lower region appear the well-mixed melt-flow and most widely developed mushy zone. Besides, the variation of melt-flow due to varying melt-feed patterns, affects mainly the liquidus line, and scarcely has effects on the solidus line in the outlet region.

HLA/RTI를 이용한 워게임 시뮬레이터와 통신 효과 시뮬레이터의 연동 시뮬레이션 연구

김덕수,배장원,박수범,김탁곤,Kim, Deok-Su,Bae, Jang Won,Park, Soo Bum,Kim, Tag Gon 한국군사과학기술학회 2015 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Wargame simulators are widely used in the field of defence modeling and simulation. Because of increasing importance of communication effects on the warfare, the war game simulator is also required to reflect communication effects. One way to satisfy the requirement is the interoperation simulation between war game simulator and communication effect simulators. This paper shows the application of interoperation simulation between war game and communication effect simulators using HLA(High-Level Architecture)/RTI(RunTime Infrastructure). The war game simulator mainly deal with the engagement of troops and the troops communicate each other at the mission execution level. In the other hand, The communication effect simulator perform communication actions between the troops in the engineering level. Using the interoperation simulation, we can reflect the communication effects on the war game simulation. We show various applications of the interoperation simulation with the point of the war game and communication effect simulator. with a case study, we explain the interoperation simulation improves the reality and fidelity of the war game simulator and how the interoperation simulation can be applied to developing doctrines and real communication system.

수상전투함의 발전추세

김덕수,Kim, Deok-Su 한국방위산업진흥회 2002 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.275

한국의 해군력 건설 방향은 미래 해양 안보환경과 국가경제력에 상응함은 물론 주변국 해군에 대해 균형자적 역할을 담당할 수 있는 정예 해군력으로 건설해야 할 것이다. 이런 의미에서 수상 전투함은 높은 안정성, 고감도 탐지 장비와 함정 전투체계에 의한 성분작전 수행 능력 및 전역 탄도미사일 방어를 위한 탐지, 추적, 요격 및 실시간 지휘통제를 위한 함정 전투체계의 능력완비 등을 목표로 개발해 나가야 할 것이다.

『희락당고』 소재 한시 주석 연구

김덕수(Kim, Deok-su) 한국학중앙연구원 2015 장서각 Vol.0 No.33

이 글은 16세기 전반기 훈구파의 일원인 希樂堂 金安老의 한시 주석을 분석함으로써 당대 관각문인의 독서 범주와 한시 창작의 실제, 海東江西詩派를 배태했던 중종 연간의 문헌학적 토대를 연역하는 데 주안점을 두었다. 김안로 주석의 문면에 노출된 정보를 통해 김안로가 실제 학습하고 참조했던 서적을 유추하는 것은 불가능하다. 이에 김안로가 주석에서 인용한 시문 가운데 한정된 문헌에만 수록된 인용문을 추적하고, 참조 문헌의 오류까지 그대로 답습하거나 혹은 통사구조와 그 내용까지 완전히 일치하는 주석을 비교ㆍ검토함으로써, 김안로가 주석과정에서 『事文類聚』와 『韻府群玉』을 적극 활용한 정황을 귀납할 수 있었다. 유서와 운서를 활용해 용사의 출처를 매거했다는 것은 뒤집어 말하면 애초에 시를 짓는 단계부터 소재별·주제별 검색이 가능한 유서와 운서의 도움을 받았다는 방증이다. 宋詩를 추구하던 당대 시인들이 참신한 詩料를 확보하여 심중하게 전고를 구사한 것은 유서와 운서에 힘입은 바 크다. 김안로의 작시는 江西詩派와 밀접한 관련을 갖는데 여기에는 부친 金?의 학시 궤적 및 당시 김안로 가문에 소장된 전적의 영향이 적잖이 작용했다. 김안로는 史容 주석본 『山谷外集詩注』, 任淵 주석본 『山谷內集詩注』, 任淵 주석본 『后山詩注』, 胡穉 주석본 『箋注簡齋詩集』를 읽으며 강서시파의 三宗인 黃庭堅과 陳師道, 陳與義를 학습했다. 그리고 강서시파가 모범으로 설정한 杜甫를 배우기 위해 원나라 高楚芳 주석본 『補註杜詩』를 읽었으며, 王十朋 주석본 『東坡詩集注』와 李壁 주석본 『王荊公詩注』를 통해 소식과 왕안석의 시를 배웠다. 『사문유취』와 『운부군옥』으로 대표되는 유서와 운서, 다양한 판본의 두시 주석서, 宋代 주석본 강서시파 시집 등은 15세기 조선 문인의 장서목록에 포함되어 있었고 이에 대한 학습은 당대 문인의 한시에 대한 안목을 심화시키는 데 결정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 그리고 전고 운용의 보고이자 방편으로 적극 활용되면서, 학식과 용사를 중시하는 宋詩가 만개할 수 있는 문헌학적 토대가 되었다. This study focused on deducing the practice of Sino-Korean poetic creation and reading range of literary men of Kawngak, and the philological basis that originated Haedong Gangseo poetry group (海東江西詩派) in the age of King Jungjong by analyzing the annotation of Sino-Korean poetry written by Huirakdang (希樂堂), Kim Anro (金安老) who was the member of Hungu faction in early 16th century. It is impossible to infer the books that Kim Anro actually studied and referred to from the information exposed in the contents of Kim Anro’s annotation. Therefore, tracking the citations that were included in limited reference among the poetries cited in annotation, comparing and reviewing some annotations that exactly match up with certain contents, verbal structure and even errors of the reference, it was induced that Kim Anro actively referred to Samunryu Chwi (事文類聚) and Unbugunok (韻府群玉) while making the annotations. The fact that Chinese classical encyclopedias (類書) and rhyming dictionary (韻書) were used to enumerate the source of quoted passages means, in other words, poets wrote their works by means of Chinese classical encyclopedias and rhyming dictionary that enable them to search the themes and subject matters of poetry from the stage of composing poetry. By the virtue of Chinese classical encyclopedias and rhyming dictionary, the poets of the time who followed the poetry of Song Dynasty were able to secure fresh subjects for poetry and discreetly make use of authentic precedents. Kim Anro’s versification is closely linked to Jiangxi poetry group (江西詩派) and this shows that he was greatly affected by the poetic path of his father, Kim Heun (金?) and the records archived in his family. Kim Anro studied three famous poets of Jiangxi poetry group: Huang Tingjian (黃庭堅), Chen Shidao (陳師道), Chen Yuyi (陳與義) by reading Sayong’s annotated edition Sangokoejipsiju (山谷外集詩注), Lim Yeon’s annotated edition Sangoknaejipsiju, Lim Yeon’s annotated edition Husansiju (后山詩注), Ho Chi’s annotated edition Jeonjuganjaesijip (箋注簡齋詩集). Also, he read Gaochufang’s annotated edition Bojudusi (補註杜詩) to learn about Dufu (杜甫), who is the prominent Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty and is considered a model for Jiangxi poetry group, and studied the poetries of Sushi and Wang Anshi through reading Wang Shipeng’s annotated edition Dongpasijipju (東坡詩集注) and Lee Byeok’s annotated edition Okhyeonggongsiju (王荊公詩注). The chinese classical encyclopedias and rhyming dictionary that are represented by Samunryu Chwi and Unbugunok, various versions of annotation books on Dufu’s poems, annotated editions of Jiangxi poetry collection from Song dynasty era were on the library list of Joseon literary men. And studying these literature materials had a decisive effect on improving their perspective on the chinese poetry. These literature materials were actively used as a method or repository of authentic precedents, and became the philological basis for Song poetry, that put great emphasis on erudition and use of authentic precedents, to flourish.

서거정의 황화수창과 문학적 대결의식

金德秀 ( Kim Deok-su ) 진단학회 2021 진단학보 Vol.- No.136

조선 측에서 명나라 사신을 맞이할 때 특히 고심한 부분은 성공적 皇華酬唱이었다. 小中華로서 자처하던 조선의 문풍을 선양할 수 있는 최적의 기회였기 때문이다. 따라서 당대 최고의 시인을 선발하여 遠接使와 館伴으로 임명했다. 조선의 입장에서 황화수창은 막중한 외교 행위와 다름없었다. 그 역할을 가장 충실히 이행한 자가 徐居正이다. 서거정의 1476년 황화수창이 수록된 『皇華集』 판본은 대략 3종이다. 1608년 간본은 1476년 간본의 내용을 그대로 수록했으나 간본 간에 글자의 차이가 발견되고 판각상 중대한 오류를 범하기도 했다. 1773년 간본은 1608년 간본을 저본으로 제작했는데 편집 과정을 거치면서 유의미한 정보가 누락되기도 했다. 특히 1476년 간본과 1608년 간본에 양국 문인이 주고받던 본래 詩稿의 형태가 활자 형태로 남아 있다는 점은 주목을 요한다. 서거정은 황화수창 과정에서 명 사신과의 대결의식을 처음 표출한 인물이다. 그의 문학적 대결의 식과 자부심은 차운 반복과 선창 시도를 통해 표출되었다. 박학의 기저 위에 민첩한 작시 능력을 지녔으므로 근체시와 장편고시를 막론하고 차운을 거듭하며 경합을 벌였다. 여러 편의 작품에 즉석에서 차운하되 차운 반복 횟수를 경쟁적으로 늘려갔으며 窄韻으로 20여 편을 수수하면서도 시상이 중복되지 않도록 애썼다. 양국 문인은 한시라는 무기를 가지고 치열하게 접전을 벌였다. 이들이 경유하며 유람했던 조선의 수많은 승경은 양국 문장의 수준을 겨루는 戰場이자 作詩의 대상이었다. 15세기 조선의 일개 문사가 황화수창의 현장에서 중화를 상대로 문예적 자긍심을 피력하고 중국 사신이 조선 문사의 필력에 십분 탄복하는 장면은 우리 한문학사를 통틀어 보기 드문 쾌거다. The Joseon Dynasty especially thought over successful Hwanghwasuchang(皇華酬唱) when welcoming envoys from the Ming Dynasty. It's because of the perfect opportunity to be able to give wide publicity to styles of sentences of the Joseon Dynasty that were regarded as small China. Therefore, the best poet of the time was selected and appointed Wonjeopsa(遠接使) and Gwanban(館伴). From the viewpoint of the Joseon Dynasty, Hwanghwasuchang was not different from very important acts of diplomacy. Seo Geo-jeong fulfilled the role most faithfully. The woodblock-printed book Hwanghwajip(皇華集) that includes Hwanhwasuchang by Seo-Geojeong in 1476 is roughly 3 kinds. The printed book of 1608 included the contents of the book of 1476 as they are, but differences in the letters are found from the both of books and there were grave errors on the wood blocks. The printed book of 1773 was produced by making the book of 1608 the original script. But meaningful information was omitted while it was edited. Especially, the point to pay attention is that the original form of writing poems exchanged by the writers from both of the countries has been left in the printed books of 1476 and 1608 in a print form. Seo Geo-jeong first expressed consciousness of confronting envoys from the Ming Dynasty. His consciousness of literary confrontation and pride were expressed through attempts to repeat Chawun(次韻: acts to write poems by using rhymes in other persons' poems) and do Seonchang(先唱: acts to write poems earlier). Because he had the ability to write poems based on great learning, he competed with envoys from the Ming repeating modern-style and ancient-style poetry and Chawun. He wrote poems by using rhymes in the envoys' several poems on the spot, but he increased the number of repetition of Chawun. And he and the envoys from the Ming Dynasty exchanged their rhymes with one another by using Chakwun(窄韻) in more than 20 poems, but he tried not to make ideas for poems repeated. The writers from both of the countries were very closely matched in Chinese poems. A lot of outstanding scenery that they visited and enjoyed was the battlefields that people from both of the countries competed with each other with levels of sentences and subjects of composing poems. The part that a writer showed his literary pride to China in a field of Hwanghwasuchang and the envoys from China felt admiration for his ability to write in the Joseon Dynasty in the 15th century is a rare splendid achievement in Korean history of Chinese Literature.

숙종조 어필 수집 양상과 숙종의 어제 찬술

김덕수(Kim, Deok-su) 한국학중앙연구원 2021 장서각 Vol.- No.45

재위 46년 동안 강력한 왕권을 휘두르던 숙종이 『열성어제』 간행의 기틀을 마련하고 경향에 흩어진 열성 어필의 수집에 힘쓴 것은 왕실 권위의 확립과 밀접한 관계를 갖는다. 어필은 열성이 손수 쓴 글이나 그림을 가리킨다. 조선의 역대 임금을 위시하여 왕후, 추존왕의 어필이 근간을 이루지만 당시 통용된 어필이란 용어에는 중국 황제의 어필까지 포함된다. 조선전기부터 어필을 여염에 보관하는 게 부적절하다는 인식이 이미 공유된바, 신료들의 어필 봉진 사례가 여럿 발견된다. 어필 진헌자에게 육품직을 제수하는 파격적인 조치가 등장한 것은 인조 연간이다. 효종조에 이르러 幼學에 대한 포상이 하향 조정되었고 종친에게 加資를 내리는 전례가 마련된다. 이때부터 종친들은 가자의 은상을 받기 위해 어필 진헌에 골몰했으며 이러한 분위기는 현종 연간에도 지속된다. 숙종 때에도 종친, 문관, 역관, 의관, 사자관, 유학 등의 어필 진헌이 쇄도했다. 승정원과 대간 등이 어필 봉진에 따른 과도한 시상을 반대할 때마다 숙종은 기존 판부를 번복하며 어필 진헌 및 은상에 관한 다양한 금령을 하달했다. 그에 따라 종친들도 금령을 피하기 위해 다양한 방법을 모색했다. 1716년 어찰, 어제, 어화를 봉입하더라도 논상하지 않겠다는 판부가 내려지자 종친들은 더 이상 어필을 바치지 않았다. 숙종 연간에 다수의 어필을 수집했지만 숙종이 수집 어필을 제재로 어제를 남긴 경우는 제한적이다. 수집 어필에 대해 선별적으로 시문을 찬술했다는 의미다. 숙종이 어제 찬술의 대상으로 삼은 것은 태조 어필, 인조 및 관련 열성 어필, 명나라 황제 어필로 거칠게 구분할 수 있다. 태조 어필은 창업 군주로서 태조의 위상뿐만 아니라 제작시기가 오래되어 희소하기 때문이다. 태조 어필의 진헌과 시상 과정을 통해 은상을 염두에 두고 어필 물색에 몰두했던 당대 풍조를 읽을 수 있다. 인조는 숙종의 증조부다. 훗날 삼종혈맹이라 일컬어지는 ‘삼종’의 연원인 셈이다. 따라서 인조를 위시하여 인조의 부친 원종, 인조의 모친 인헌왕후, 인조 즉위를 윤허한 인목대비 등의 어필에 대한 관심이 남달랐다. 숙종은 명 황제의 어필에 관심이 많았는데 특히 임진왜란 때 원병을 파견했던 신종 어필을 소장하고 싶어했다. 숙종에게 있어 명 황제 어필은 대명의리와 재조지은을 환기시키는 매개체였다. King Sukjong of Joseon who held strong sovereign power during the reign of 46 years paved the way for publishing Yeolseongeoje and strived to collect Yeolseong eopil, which had been distributed in Seoul and rural areas because they were closely connected with consolidating royal authority. Eopil (御筆) means handwriting or pictures by yeolseong, which refers to kings, queens, and the honorary kings. But, the term Yeolseongeopil was used at that time to include writings of Chinese emperors. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the people shared the view that it is improper to keep Eopil in private house and thus private families often presented their collection of Eopil to the king and that came with reward, sometimes. During the reign of Injo of Joseon, for example, a sixth-grade official rank was given to those who presented Eopil to the king. During the reign of Hyojong, there was an occasion where prizes of young students were reduced and a ceremony of adding ranks was held for royal relatives who presented Eopil to the king. Since then royal relatives began to be immersed in presenting Eopil to the kings in order to receive prizes of additional official ranks. This trend continued during the reign of Hyeonjong. As a result, a great number of Eopil were presented to Sukjong by royal relatives, civil offices, interpreters, medical officers, writing officials, and even young students. King Sukjong changed the existing regulations and issued a ban on offering Eopil to him and also on granting prizes for such practice, accepting the advice of the Royal Secretariat and surveillance and censorial officials. Royal relatives looked for other various ways to circumvent the ban but in 1716, they were prohibited from presenting Eopil to the king on the royal command dictating that there would be no prizes for presenting eochal (御札), eoje (御製), and eohwa (御畫) to king Sukjong collected a lot of Eopil during his reign, but he rarely left Eoje, which is a collection of Eopil topics. It means he selectively wrote poetry and prose about collected Eopil. Sukjong considered collected Eoje as a target for writing Eoje. It was roughly classified into Eoje by Taejo of Joseon, King Injo and related Yeolseong, and the emperors of the Ming Dynasty. It’s because Eopil by Taejo was rare as it had been written a long time ago and he was the king of high stature as the dynastic founder. The trend of those days that people were immersed in looking for Eopil in anticipation of awarding prizes can be found in the process of presenting Eopil by Taejo of Joseon to the king and award prizes. King Injo was the great-grandfather of Sukjong. He is the origin of ‘Samjong’ which is short for the so-called ‘Samjonghyeolmaek (三宗血脈).’ Accordingly, King Sukjong was very interested in Eopil written by Wonjong who is the father of Injo and by Queen Inheon, his mother, and Queen Inmok who allowed him to be the king. King Sukjong was also very interested in Eopil of emperors in the Ming Dynasty. Especially, he wanted to have one written by Wanli Emperor who sent rescue soldiers to Joseon during the Imjin War. For Sukjong, Eopil by Ming emperors could be served as a medium of promoting a discourse of loyalty to the Ming (對明義理) and Jejojieun (再造之恩).

한국문학과 문화 콘텐츠 ; 문화산업으로서의 문학산업

김덕수 ( Deok Su Kim ) 현대문학이론학회 2005 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.25