충남 일부 지역 대학생의 거주형태에 따른 식생활에 관한 연구

김나영,김성환,김은미,Kim Na-Young,Kim Sung-Hwan,Kim Eun-Mi 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study examined the dietary life by residence type of 409 university students (198 male and 211 female) in Chungnam They were divided into five groups according their residence: living in the family home a short distance from the university, living in the family home a long distance from the university, boarding house, self-boarding house, and university dormitory. In this study, the intake of food and nutrients and health, and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-week questionnaire. The average age, height, weight, and BMI were 21.4, 175.3 cm, 68.9 kg, 22.3 in males, and 19.9, 162.3 cm, 53.3 kg, 20.2 in females, respectively. Dietary attitude of the students living in home was higher than that of the other student groups. The rate of breakfast intake and the frequency of eating 10 food items of subjects except processed food of self-boarding house group were lower than those of the other 4 student groups. These results suggest that university students of self-boarding house might have low ability of meal management and more reasonable nutrition education is needed for desirable food behaviors.

논문(論文) : 19세기 마르세유 항만의 기능변화와 도시공간구조

김나영 ( Na Young Kim ),현재열 ( Jae Youl Hyun ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

Changes of Harbors` Functions and the Urban Structure at Marseille in the Nineteenth-Century Kim, Na-young·Hyun, Jae-youl [Abstract] Marseille, the typical sea-port city of Mediterranean France, was the most representative port of French Colonial Empire in the 19th century. Studying on Marseille of that time would contribute to the typological understandings of the sea-port cities in the period of Imperialism. This article aims to present a type of development which a sea-port city of the colonial empire could take, by interrogating the changes of harbors` functions and the urban structure of Marseille in 19th century. The consequent findings are as follows. First, the population of Marseille had sharply risen from 1830 on, and increased three times from 1820 to 1870s. This increase of population marked the economic growth of the city. Carrying capacity of vessels entering the port of Marseille rising five times in 1825-1870 shows the scale and the process of this growth. However, this economic growth had attributed to the colonial expansion of France launched from 1830 on. Second, according to the rising traffic of port, the harbors of Marseille had been expanded to the north of old port(Vieux-Port) since 1840s. With their expansion, the harbors` functions of Marseille had changed simultaneously, adding the industrial function to the traffic and distributive functions. Second, the industrialisation of Marseille also occurred in association with these circumstances. As a result, new and factory industries, such as sugar refining, oily industry, soap industry, machinery manufacture and foundering, etc. were thriving in the city and its suburbs. However, the material sources of these industries were from the French colonies, and, thus, the industrialisation was highly dependent on the supply from colonies. This is a remarkable feature of the Marseille`s industrialisation, and it can be that this industrialistation was a type of development which the sea-port city of the colonialist Empire would take. Third, the changes of harbor`s functions and the industrialisation had caused the transformation of urban structure of Marseille. Most notable transformation was the extension of city scale. Also, the appearance and shape of city had changed geometrically and orderly with the constructions of the various official buildings and monuments through the French Second Empire. Fourth, withstanding the extensions and changes of urban structure, the social character of neighborhood did not change so much at same time. Unlike with Paris where the neighborhood had been divided sharply between the bourgeoisie and the working-classes as a result of Haussmanisation, Marseille witnessed the loose line of division between the higher and lower classes, except with the ``old city`` in the north of old port and the higher classes` neighborhood in the southeast of it. However, one another consideration of social character was the reduction of proportion of natives in the neighborhoods. Throughout the mid-century, numerous immigrants fluxed into Marseille as the skill and unskill workers, and they gradually spread into all of the neighborhoods in the city.

용담의 RAW 264.7 세포주에서의 Nitric Oxide 생성 저해물질

김나영,강태현,김도훈,김윤철,Kim, Na-Young,Kang, Tai-Hyun,Kim, Do-Hoon,Kim, Youn-Chul 한국생약학회 1999 생약학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a $H_2O$ extract of the roots of Gentiana scabra has furnished 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (1) as an inhibitory compound for nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with $interferon-{\gamma}$ plus lipopolysaccharide. Compound 1 showed the moderate inhibition of NO production with $IC_{50}$ value of $803\;{\mu}M$.

초등학교 실내환경에서 공기 중 세균과 진균의 분리 및 특성

김나영,김영란,김민규,조두완,김종설,Kim, Na-Yeong,Kim, Young-Ran,Kim, Min-Kyu,Cho, Du-Wan,Kim, Jong-Seol 한국미생물학회 2007 미생물학회지 Vol.43 No.3

울산 소재 초등학교 3곳의 교실과 복도에서, 배양가능한 공기중 세균과 진균의 농도를 조사하고, 이들 미생물을 분리한 후 동정하였다. 세균과 진균의 포집에는 충돌식 공기 채취기를 사용하였으며, 세균수와 진균수의 측정에는 각각 plate count agar와 dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar를 사용하였다. 학기 중 세균 농도는 교실에서 $168{\sim}3,887MPN/m^3$ 복도에서 $168{\sim}6,339MPN/m^3$의 범위였으며, 진균 농도는 교실에서 $34{\sim}389MPN/m^3$, 복도에서 $91{\sim}507MPN/m^3$의 범위로, 상황과 학교에 따른 측정값의 편차는 세균에서 진균보다 더 크게 나타났다. 분리한 세균의 84%는 그람양성으로 관찰되었는데, 전체 시험한 세균의 61%는 Micrococcus 속으로, 이중 75%는 M. luteus로 확인되었으며, Staphylococcus속은 전체의 10%수준이었다. Micrococcus 속의 주요 발생원은 사람으로 생각되며, 함유한 색소나 높은 세포벽 함량 등의 생리적 특징이 이들 세균의 공기중 생존력을 높이는 것으로 추측된다. 포집한 시료로부터 15속의 사상성 진균을 확인할 수 있었으며, Cladosporium 속, Aspergillus 속, Penicillium속 등이 분리한 진균의 69%를 차지하였다. 1개 학교의 교실에서는 Stachybotrys속이 검출되었는데, 이 속의 S. chartarum은 많은 진균독소를 생산하는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. 독소생산과 관련이 깊은 Aspergillus 속, Penicillium속, Stachybotrys 속에 대한 종 수준에서의 동정, 분리한 진균의 독소생산능력, 공기중 진균독소 검출 및 진균 농도와의 상관관계 분석 등에 대한 보다 체계적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. Indoor airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations were examined at classrooms and corridors of 3 elementary schools in Ulsan. Airborne microorganisms were collected with an impaction-type air sampler using plate count agar and dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. During the semester, concentrations of bacteria ranged $168{\sim}3,887 MPN/m^3$ at classrooms and $168{\sim}6,339 MPN/m^3$ at corridors, while those of fungi ranged $34{\sim}389 MPN/m^3$ at classrooms and $91{\sim}507 MPN/m^3$ at corridors. The bacterial concentrations showed larger variations between situations and schools compared to those of fungi. When airborne bacteria were isolated and identified, 84% were observed as Gram-positive, and Micrococcus spp. was the most abundant group with 61% of tested isolates, followed by genus Staphylococcus with 10%. The Micrococcus spp. isolates, of which 75% were identified as M. luteus, appeared to be from human origins. The protective pigments and substantial cell wall of Micrococcus may provide selective advantage for their survival in the air. We also isolated and identified 15 genera of filamentous fungi. The most common culturable fungi were Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, and these 3 genera were 69% of fungal isolates. Genus Stachybotrys, of which S. chartarum is a well known producer of many potent mycotoxins, was also detected from one of the schools. further systematic studies are necessary with an emphasis on species identification and mycotoxin production of isolated fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys.

나무구조의 분류분석에서 변수 중요도에 대한 고찰

김나영,이은경,Kim, Na-Young,Lee, Eun-Kyung 한국통계학회 2014 응용통계연구 Vol.27 No.5

Projection pursuit classification tree uses a 1-dimensional projection with the view of the most separating classes in each node. These projection coefficients contain information distinguishing two groups of classes from each other and can be used to calculate the importance measure of classification in each variable. This paper reviews the variable importance measure with increasing interest in line with growing data size. We compared the performances of projection pursuit classification tree with those of classification and regression tree(CART) and random forest. Projection pursuit classification tree are found to produce better performance in most cases, particularly with highly correlated variables. The importance measure of projection pursuit classification tree performs slightly better than the importance measure of random forest. 본 연구에서는 나무구조의 분류분석에서 자료의 크기가 방대해짐에 따라 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있는 변수의 중요도에 대하여 사영추적분류나무를 중심으로 고찰하였다. 사영추적분류나무(projection pursuit classification tree)는 각 마디에서 사영추적을 이용하여 그룹을 잘 분리하는 변수들의 선형결합을 이용하는 방법으로 이때 사용되는 사영계수들은 각 마디에서의 분류에 대한 정보를 가지고 있다. 이를 종합하여 각 변수의 분류에 대한 중요도를 계산할 수 있다. 먼저 사영추적분류나무의 분류과정에서 계산되는 사영추적계수를 이용하여 분류를 위한 변수선택의 중요도를 계산하고 이들의 특성을 살펴보고 이를 같은 형태의 나무모형방법인 CART와 랜덤 포레스트의 결과와 비교 분석하여 사영추적분류나무의 특성을 살펴보고 비교, 분석하였다. 대부분의 자료에서 사영추적분류나무가 훨씬 좋은 성능을 보이고 있었으며 특히 상관계수가 높은 변수들이 포함되어 있는 경우에는 상대적으로 적은 수의 변수로도 잘 분류를 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 랜덤 포레스트에서 제공하는 변수 중요도는 변수들 간의 상관관계가 높은 경우에는 사영추적분류나무의 변수중요도와 매우 다르게 나타나며 사영추적분류나무의 변수 중요도가 조금 더 나은 성능을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다.

미분화된 신체형장애를 향부자팔물탕(香附子八物湯)으로 치료한 소음인(少陰人) 환자(患者) 치험례

김나영,최인호,임창선,신미란,Kim, Na-Young,Choi, In-Ho,Lim, Chang-Sun,Shin, Mi-Ran 사상체질의학회 2008 사상체질의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

1. Objectives Sasang Constitutional Medicine is Mind-Body medicine and it is based on difference of Nature & Emotion(性情) & real purpose(恒心). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Hyangbujapalmul-tang for somatoform disorders and is to drive the importance of psychiatric approach home. 2. Method The subject is about 49-year-old Soeumin patient presumed by Undifferentiated somatoform disorder based on his nature & emotion, physical characteristics, symptoms, and we have prescribed Soeumin Hyangsayangyui-tang, Ceongunggyegi-tang, Hyangbujapalmul-tang. Soeumin Hyangsayangyui-tang was prescribed based on oridinary symptoms(素症), Soeumin Ceongunggyegi-tang was prescribed based on real symptoms(病症), Soeumin Hyangsayangyui-tang was prescribed based on Nature & Emotion(性情) & real purpose(恒心). 3. Result and conclusions In result, Hyangbujapalmul-tang based on Nature & Emotion(性情) & real purpose(恒心) showed best positive response. It is necessary to approach to somatoform disorders not only in clinical view but also in psychiatric view based on Nature & Emotion(性情) & real purpose(恒心)

A Study on Chatbots for Developing Korean College Students' English Listening and Reading Skills

김나영,Kim, Na-Young The Society of Digital Policy and Management 2018 디지털융복합연구 Vol.16 No.8

본 연구는 챗봇의 활용이 국내 대학생의 영어 듣기 및 읽기 학습에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것으로, 실험 참가자의 영어 듣기 및 읽기 능력이 챗봇과의 채팅을 통해 실제로 상승하는지에 대한 여부를 알아보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 총 46명의 참가자를 실험그룹과 통제그룹으로 나누어 16주 동안 실험을 진행하였으며, 실험 시작 전과 실험 종료 후 사전 사후 평가를 실시하여 챗봇 활용의 효과를 파악하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 사전 사후 평가 결과 실험그룹과 통제그룹 모두에서 영어 듣기 및 읽기 능력이 유의미하게 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 영어 듣기능력과 관련하여 실험그룹이 통제그룹보다 사후 평가에서 더 많은 상승폭을 보임으로써 듣기 능력 향상에 대한 챗봇 활용의 효과를 증명하였다. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 시대에 따라 영어 학습을 위한 챗봇 활용에 대한 시사점을 제시하는데 그 의의를 갖는다고 볼 수 있다. In an effort to investigate the effects of chatbots on English listening and reading skills, 46 college students participated in the current study. Participants consisted of first-year students who enrolled in an English class at a university in South Korea. They were randomly divided into two groups: one experimental group (n=24) and one control group (n=22). During 16 weeks, the experimental group engaged in chats with a chatbot, named Elbot, while the control group did not. There were pre- and post-tests to confirm the effects of the chatbot usage. Major findings are as follows: First, participants in both groups significantly improved listening and reading skills. On the post-listening test, however, the experimental group showed more improvements. Their listening proficiency level improved from intermediate to advanced level after engaging in chat with the chatbot. Limitations and implications for theory and practice are discussed at the end.

기후.환경 변화 분석을 위한 GIS기반의 통합DB 관리시스템 개발

김나영,김계현,박용길,Kim, Na-Young,Kim, Kye-Hyun,Park, Yong-Gil 한국공간정보학회 2011 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.19 No.6

기후변화는 지구환경 시스템을 구성하는 모든 권역에 영향을 미치며 각 권역은 서로 비선형적인 상호작용을 통해 다시 기후변화에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 기후와 지구환경 시스템 사이의 피드백 과정을 종합적으로 분석하고, 변화특성을 진단하여 예측할 수 있는 통합적인 연구가 필요하다. 그러나 현재까지는 기후변화에 따른 지구환경 시스템의 특정 권역의 변화에 대해서만 연구를 진행하고 있어 기후 환경 상호간의 연계 연구 지원이 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후 환경 변화를 종합적으로 분석하고 예측하기 위해 자료 저장, 관리 및 배포를 지원하는 GIS기반의 통합DB 관리시스템을 개발하였다. 통합DB 관리시스템은 VB.NET 2005와 지도 기반의 공간 표현을 위한 ArcObjects 컴포넌트를 이용하여 개발하였다. 먼저 기후 환경 전문가의 요구사항을 고려한 연구 대상 및 자료를 선정하였고, 자료 관리 및 활용 방법을 정의하였다. 또한 연구 자료의 효율적인 검색을 위하여 데이터를 표준화하였으며, 이를 적용한 데이터 모델링을 통하여 기후 환경 DB와 자료의 이해도를 높이고, 공간적 상관관계 분석을 위한 GIS DB를 구축하였다. 구축된 DB를 기반으로 사용자에게 DB의 다양한 검색 및 접근을 통해 자료에 대한 세부적인 정보를 제공하고 자료의 배포가 가능한 프로토 타입의 통합DB 관리시스템을 개발하였다. 이러한 GIS기반의 기후 환경 통합DB 관리시스템은 효율적인 자료 관리는 물론 자료를 배포하는 환경을 제공 할 수 있으며, 미래의 기후변화를 종합적으로 진단 및 예측 하는데 기여가 클 것으로 판단된다. Climate change affects all components of the global environment system and, in turn, all components mutually interact and affect climate change through non-linear feedback processes. It is thus necessary to study the interaction between the climate and the environment, in order to comprehensively understand and predict climate and environment change. However, current relevant systems are limited to particular areas and do not sufficiently support the mutual linking of research studies. Therefore, this study develops prototype a GIS based integrated DB management system for supporting the climate and environment data storage, management and distribution. The integrated DB management system was developed using VB.NET languages and ArcObjects component. First, considering the demands of climate environment experts, the study areas are selected and the methods of data management and utilization were defined. In addition, a location-based GIS DB was created in order to aid in understanding climate change through visual representation. Finally, the integrated DB management system provides an efficient data management and distribution data and it creates synergistic effect on climate and environment study. It also contributes significantly to the comprehensive diagnosis and prediction of climate change and environment systems.

홍삼 분말 첨가 식빵의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성

김나영,김성환,Kim Na-Young,Kim Sung-Hwan 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of the bread with red ginseng powder(RG). Four different powder concentration levels of 0, 3, 6, and $9\%$ were added to flour to make the bread. The appearance, pH, water holding capacity, specific volume, color, texture, and sensory properties were analyzed. pH of bread with RG had no difference according to the content of the red ginseng powder. The specific volume of the bread containing $0,\;3,\;6\%$ were bigger than that of the bread with $RG-9\%$. The water holding capacity of the bread with $RG-9\%$ was the highest. As the amounts of RG increased, L-values of the bread crumb were decreased and a- and b-values were increased. As a result of texture measuring by texture analyzer, hardness and gumminess were not affected by the addition of RG. Also, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were not significantly different among the control, $RG-3\%\;and\;RG-9\%$. In sensory evaluation, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability in the bread with $RG-9\%$ were significantly lower than the control and the other groups. On the other hand, the best result for sensory characteristics showed when red ginseng powder at $3\%$ level was added to the bread.

한국인 위암 진단에 있어 혈청 펩시노겐과 혈청 가스트린 검사의 역할

김나영,Kim, Na-Young 대한위암학회 2009 대한위암학회지 Vol.9 No.3

위암 발생률이 높은 우리나라에서는 위암이 발생할 가능성이 높은 고위험군에서 위암 발생 여부를 알 수 있는 생물학적 인자(biological marker)의 개발이 매우 중요한데 가장 많이 연구되는 인자로 혈청 펩시노겐(Pepsinogen)이 있다. 이에 소화기질환을 가지고 있는 환자군과 건강검진센터 수진자를 대상으로 한두 가지 연구에서 혈청 펩시노겐 검사에 영향을 주는 인자를 알아보고 위축성 위염이나 위암 진단에 있어 혈청 펩시노겐 검사의 역할을 알아보았다. 혈청 펩시노겐 검사에 영향을 주는 인자로는 H. pylori 감염이 가장 컸고, 다음으로 성별, 연령이 있었다. 이를 고려한 결과 한국인에서의 내시경적 위축성 위염 진단에 있어서 PG I/II ratio 기준은 H. pylori 감염 여부에 따라 달랐는데 H. pylori 감염이 없는 경우는 PG I/II ratio 6이, H. pylori 감염이 있는 경우는 국제적 기준인 PG I/II ratio 3이 예민도와 민감도에서 우수했다. 또한 한국인에서의 위암이나 위축성 위염 진단에 있어 PG I이나 PG II는 별로 유용하지 않은 반면 PG I/II ratio는 비교적 유용함을 알 수 있었고, 특히 H. pylori 감염이 있는 경우 PG I/II ratio $\leq3$ 이하가 위암 발생위험도 예측에 도움이 되었다. 결과적으로 혈청 펩시노겐을 위암이나 위축성 위염 진단 biomarker로 사용할 때는 기존의 국제적인 기준도 중요하지만 각 나라의 현실에 맞는 기준치 적용을 위해 validation study를 시행하고 사용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 보인다. Serum pepsinogen (sPG) is a marker of gastric mucosal atrophy, a condition that has been associated with an increased risk of gastric neoplasia. A low sPGI level and a low PG I/II ratio have been associated with severe gastric atrophy, and are frequently found in gastric cancer. Because the prevalence of gastric cancer is high in Korea, it would be convenient if a good biomarker for gastric cancer were developed. Two studies recently investigated the efficacy of sPG along with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a screening tool for gastric cancer. In these studies, sPG was measured using a Latex enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassay. We found that H. pylori IgG status, age and gender were associated with serum pepsinogen levels. Thus, to increase the ability of the PG I/II ratio to detect atrophic gastritis, the cutoff value for the PG I/II ratio should be stratified according to the H. pylori IgG status. In addition, a PG I/II ratio ($\leq3.0$), which has been widely used as an international standard for gastric cancer, was found to be a reliable marker for the detection of gastric dysplasia or gastric cancer, especially of the intestinal type. The efficacy of the test in Korea was lower than the efficacy in Japan. However, the detecting power of a PG I/II ratio ($\leq3.0$) was significantly increased in the presence of H. pylori. The ratio together with H. pylori psotivitiy could provide a means of identifying persons at high risk of developing gastric cancer in Korea.