유한체상의 여분기저를 사용한 효율적인 멀티플렉서 기반 AB² 곱셈기

김기원(Keewon Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.25 No.1

본 논문에서는 유한체상의 여분 기저(redundant basis)를 사용한 모듈러 AB² 곱셈을 수행하는 멀티플렉서(multiplexer) 기반의 기법을 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 기법을 사용하여 효율적인 멀티플렉서 기반의 세미-시스톨릭(semi-systolic) AB² 곱셈기를 제안한다. 모듈러 AB² 곱셈기의 셀 내부의 연산을 멀티플렉서로 처리할 수 있는 수식을 유도한다. 멀티플렉서를 이용하여 셀을 구현하여, 셀의 지연시간을 감소시킨다. 기존의 구조들과 비교하면, 제안한 AB² 곱셈기는 Liu 등, Lee 등, Ting 등, 및 Kim-Kim의 곱셈기들의 AT 복잡도보다 약 80.9%, 61.8%, 61.8%, 및 9.5% 가량이 감소되었다. 따라서, 제안한 곱셈기는 VLSI(very large scale integration) 구현에 적합하며 다양한 응용에 쉽게 적용할 수 있다. In this paper, we propose a multiplexer based scheme that performs modular AB² multiplication using redundant basis over finite field. Then we propose an efficient multiplexer based semi-systolic AB² multiplier using proposed scheme. We derive a method that allows the multiplexers to perform the operations in the cell of the modular AB2 multiplier. The cell of the multiplier is implemented using multiplexers to reduce cell latency. As compared to the existing related structures, the proposed AB² multiplier saves about 80.9%, 61.8%, 61.8%, and 9.5% AT complexity of the multipliers of Liu et al., Lee et al., Ting et al., and Kim-Kim, respectively. Therefore, the proposed multiplier is well suited for VLSI implementation and can be easily applied to various applications.

Low-area Bit-parallel Systolic Array for Multiplication and Square over Finite Fields

Keewon Kim(김기원) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.25 No.2

본 논문은 유한체상의 곱셈과 제곱을 동시에 실행 가능한 알고리즘에서 공통적인 연산 부분을 도출하고, 순차적인 처리를 통해서 하드웨어를 감소시키고 공간면에서 효율적인 비트-병렬 시스톨릭 어레이를 제안한다. 제안한 시스톨릭 어레이는 기존의 어레이에 비해 적은 공간 및 공간-시간 복잡도(area-time complexity)를 가진다. 기존의 구조들과 비교하면, 제안한 시스톨릭 어레이는 공간 복잡도면에서 Choi-Lee, Kim-Kim의 시스톨릭 어레이의 약 48%, 44% 감소되었으며, 공간-시간 복잡도면에서 약 74%, 44% 가량 감소되었다. 따라서 제안한 시스톨릭 어레이는 VLSI 구현에 적합하며 사물인터넷과 같이 하드웨어 제약이 있는 환경에서 기초적인 구성 요소로 적용할 수 있다. In this paper, we derive a common computational part in an algorithm that can simultaneously perform multiplication and square over finite fields, and propose a low-area bit-parallel systolic array that reduces hardware through sequential processing. The proposed systolic array has less space and area-time (AT) complexity than the existing related arrays. In detail, the proposed systolic array saves about 48% and 44% of Choi-Lee and Kim-Kim’s systolic arrays in terms of area complexity, and about 74% and 44% in AT complexity. Therefore, the proposed systolic array is suitable for VLSI implementation and can be applied as a basic component in hardware constrained environment such as IoT.

유한체상의 효율적인 세미-시스톨릭 AB² 곱셈기

김기원(Keewon Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.25 No.1

본 논문에서는 유한체상의 SPB(shifted polynomial basis)를 사용한 효율적인 AB² 곱셈 알고리즘을 제안한다. SPB의 특징을 이용하여, AB² 곱셈을 위한 수식을 두 부분으로 분할하였다. 분할된 두 수식은 동시에 실행가능하며, 이를 병렬로 처리하는 알고리즘을 도출하였다. 그리고 제안한 알고리즘을 기반으로 효율적인 세미-시스톨릭(semi-systolic) AB² 곱셈기를 제안한다. 제안한 곱셈기는 기존의 곱셈기에 비해 낮은 공간-시간 복잡도(area-time complexity)를 가진다. 기존의 구조들과 비교하면, 제안한 AB² 곱셈기는 공간-시간 복잡도면에서 Wei, Wang-Guo, Kim-Lee, 및 Choi-Lee의 곱셈기들의 약 94%, 87%, 86%, 및 83% 가량이 감소되었다. 따라서 제안한 곱셈기는 VLSI(very large scale integration) 구현에 적합하며 다양한 응용의 기초적인 구성 요소로 쉽게 적용할 수 있다. In this paper, we propose an efficient AB² multiplication algorithm using SPB(shifted polynomial basis) over finite fields. Using the feature of the SPB, we split the equation for AB² multiplication into two parts. The two partitioned equations are executable at the same time, and we derive an algorithm that processes them in parallel. Then we propose an efficient semi-systolic AB² multiplier based on the proposed algorithm. The proposed multiplier has less area-time (AT) complexity than related multipliers. In detail, the proposed AB² multiplier saves about 94%, 87%, 86% and 83% of the AT complexity of the multipliers of Wei, Wang-Guo, Kim-Lee, Choi-Lee, respectively. Therefore, the proposed multiplier is suitable for VLSI implementation and can be easily adopted as the basic building block for various applications.

Ray tracing simulation of SCOTS test for GMT secondary mirror

김기원,김성환,김영수,Kim, Ki-Won,Kim, Sug-Whan,Kim, Young-Soo 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2

We present SCOTS test simulation for on axis segment of the GMT secondary mirror that is ellipsoidal shape surface of 1.064m in diameter, 4.166747m in radius of curvature, -0.7154 in conic constant and $18.023{\mu}m$ P-V in asphericity. SCOTS test comprises a screen(diffusing sinusoidal fringe source), test surface(GMT secondary mirror), and a camera(CCD detector). We report ray tracing simulation result that is distorted sinusoidal fringe pattern detected at the camera. This simulation is to be used for analysis of experimental design, sensitivity from uncertainty, errors on fabrication and design.

척추 분리증과 척추 전방 전위증의 분류에 따른 해부학적 특성

김기원,Kim gi-won 대한물리치료학회 2003 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are two conditions that directly involve changes in the vertebra. Spondylolysis is defined as a defect in the pars interarticularis, the region of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular facets. Progression of the defect can result in spondylolisthesis, which is defined as a subluxation or 'slippage' of two adjacent vertebrae. In the low back it occurs most commonly at the lumbosacral level; next in frequency is spondylolisthesis of the fourth lumbar vertebra on the fifth. To provide the reader with information about the aetiology and anatomical consideration of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis type. Spondylolisthesis has recently been classified by Wiltse and others into five types based on the suspected aetiology; dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative, posttraumatic, pathologic and postsurgical. Of these five types, isthmic spondylolisthesi and degenerative spondylolisthesis, both of which are frequently associated with low back and lower limb pain.

약용식물의 사료화에 관한 연구 1 . 우슬 ( Achranthes Japonica Nakai ) 의 사료적 가치

김기원,문점동 ( Ki Won Kim,Jean Dong Moon ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

To investigate the nutritive values of Achranthes Japonica Nakai this experiment was carried out for 1 year and 7 months from March, 1976 through October, 1977. Characteristics, yield and chemical composition of Achranthes Japonica Nakai by cutting stages were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Average plant height of Achranthes Japonica Nakai was 59.5㎝. The plant height at the 2 nd cutting stage was 69.5㎝ and was highest among the cutting stage. 2. Number of tiller of Achranthes Japonica Nakai increased as the cutting stage advanced and number of branch was Rightest at the 1st cutting stage. 3. Achranthes Japonica Nakai produced 4718㎏ of green forage per l0a and produced more yield at the 2nd cutting stage than at and other cutting stages. Dry matter yield of Achranthes Japonica Nakai was 757㎏ per 10a. 4. Crude protein content of Achranthes Japonica Nakai decreased and crude fiber content increased as the cutting stage progressed. The crude protein and crude fiber contents of AchranthesJaponica Nakai showed a great difference by the cutting stages. It may be concluded that Achranthes Japonica Nakai has a similar value compared with improved grasses on the yield and chemical composition, therefore, it could be developed as a forage resource.

목말밑관절 가동범위 측정방법에 관한 연구

김기원,홍완성,Kim, Gi-Won,Hong, Wan-Sung 대한물리치료학회 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in subtalar joint range of motion (ROM) when using different measurement methods, and to determine inter- and intra-rater reliability of goniometry as used in clinical setting. Methods: Subjects were thirty-one healthy males and females (sixty-two ankles) living in Korea. Three raters with different clinical experiences measured inversion and eversion range of motion of the subtalar joint two times. Measurements were done with subjects prone (open kinetic chain) and standing (closed kinetic chain). Rater and measurement methods were based on analyzing differences in range of motion. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: Mean subtalar jont range of motion for inversion ranged from $9.31^{\circ}$ to $11.94^{\circ}$ for eversion, it ranged from $6.73^{\circ}$ to $9.20^{\circ}$. The differences in ROM between raters and between measurement methods were significant (p<0.01). The ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from $0.02^{\circ}$ to $0.20^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.23^{\circ}$ to $0.39^{\circ}$ for eversion. Intrarater reliability ranged from $0.32^{\circ}$ to $0.78^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.45^{\circ}$ to $0.73^{\circ}$ for eversion. Conclusion: Subtalar joint inversion and eversion ROM show differences for measurement methods low reliability between different raters, and low to high intra-rater reliability within sessions.

조현병(調鉉病) : 뇌 연결성의 장애

김기원,박경민,장혜련,이유상,박선철,Kim, Ki Won,Park, Kyung-Min,Jang, Hye-Ryeon,Lee, Yu Sang,Park, Seon-Cheol 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.4

Objectives We reviewed cellular and synaptic dysconnectivity, disturbances in micro- and macro- circuitries, and neurodevelopmentally-derived disruptions of neural connectivity in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Method We reviewed the selected articles about disturbances in neural circuits which had been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism of schizophrenia. Results The literature review reveals that schizophrenia may be a disease related to disturbance in neurodevelopmental mechanism, shown as 'a misconnection syndrome of neural circuit or neural network'. In descriptive psychopathological view, definition of a disorder of brain connectivity has limitation to explain other aspects of schizophrenia including deterministic strictness in thought process. Conclusion Schizophrenia is considered as a disorder of brain connectivity as well as a neurodevelopmental disorder related with genetic and environmental factors. We could make a suggestion that "JoHyeonByung (attunement disorder)" denotes the disturbances of psychic fine-tuning which correspond to the neural correlates of brain dysconnectivity metaphorically.

숲과 음악

김기원,Kim, Gi-Won 한국자연공원협회 1997 한국자연공원 Vol.68 No.-

한국 음악 속의 수학

김기원,안선필,Kim Ki-Won,Ahn Sun-Phill 한국수학사학회 2004 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.17 No.4

수학과 음악은 그 표현 방법이 아주 다른 학문이지만, 오래 전부터 수학과 음악이 관련이 있음을 이야기 해오고 있다. 이 논문에서는 수학과 한국 음악의 관계를 고찰해보고 수학 교육에의 활용 방안을 모색해 본다. Even though mathematics and music play very different roles in our society, they are closely related to each other. In this paper, we studies relations between mathematics and Korean traditional music, and give some ideas to use such relations in mathematics education.