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산악 지형에서의 토양수분 관측소 구축을 위한 연구(1): Cosmic-ray 검증시스템 구축을 위한 토양수분량 대표성 분석 연구
김기영,정성원,이연길,Kim, Kiyoung,Jung, Sungwon,Lee, Yeongil 한국수자원학회 2019 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.52 No.1
본 연구에서는 Cosmic-ray 토양수분량 관측시스템 구축 시 필요한 검증 네트워크 설계 기법 개발에 목적을 두고 유전율식(dielectric constant) 장비인 Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR)와 연계하여 Cosmic-ray 검증시스템을 구축 운영하였다. Cosmic-ray 검증시스템 평가에 필요한 시범지역은 기존 계측 장비와의 연계성과 다양한 수문자료의 활용성을 고려하여 설마천 유역에 구축하였다. 시범지역은 Cosmic-ray 장비와 FDR 센서(10개소)로 구축하였으며 2018년 7월부터 현재까지 운영되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 검증시스템의 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 코어법(soil core sampling method)을 통해 산출한 용적수분함량(volumetric water content)을 유전율식 장비와 정기적으로 검증하였다. 연구기간 중 수행한 코어법과 FDR 센서를 검증한 결과, 두 자료의 통계량이 $bias=-0.03m^3/m^3$과 $RMSE=0.03m^3/m^3$의 유의한 값을 보였다. 또한 연구기간 동안 FDR 센서의 시계열 특성은 모든 강우에 정상적으로 반응하였다. 그러나 일부 지점에서는 낙엽 및 캐노피의 차단과 상부사면의 유출 등으로 인해 상이한 특성을 보였다. Cosmic-ray 영향원(influence line) 내 FDR 센서의 대표성 분석은 시간 안정성 해석법(temporal stability analysis, TSA)을 이용하여 토심별(10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm)로 분석하였다. 10개소에 대한 토심별 토양수분량의 대표성을 TSA로 분석한 결과, 토심 10 cm에서는 FDR 5, 토심 20 cm에서는 FDR 8, 토심 30 cm에서는 FDR 2, 토심 40 cm에서는 FDR 1에서 가장 우수한 대표 특성을 보였다. 본 연구의 시범지역 운영 기간이 짧다는 한계는 있지만 지금까지의 분석 결과를 토대로 하여 볼 때, Cosmic-ray 관측시스템 구축 시에는 검증 장비로는 유전율식을 활용하고, Cosmic-ray 영향원 내 토양수분량의 대표성 분석은 TSA 방법으로 수행하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. The major purpose of this study is to construct an in-situ soil moisture verification network employing Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) sensors for Cosmic-ray soil moisture observation system operation as well as long-term field-scale soil moisture monitoring. The test bed of Cosmic-ray and FDR verification network system was established at the Sulma Catchment, in connection with the existing instrumentations for integrated data provision of various hydrologic variables. This test bed includes one Cosmic-ray Neutron Probe (CRNP) and ten FDR stations with four different measurement depths (10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm) at each station, and has been operating since July 2018. Furthermore, to assess the reliability of the in-situ verification network, the volumetric water content data measured by FDR sensors were compared to those calculated through the core sampling method. The evaluation results of FDR sensors- measured soil moisture against sampling method during the study period indicated a reasonable agreement, with average values of $bias=-0.03m^3/m^3$ and RMSE $0.03m^3/m^3$, revealing that this FDR network is adequate to provide long-term reliable field-scale soil moisture monitoring at Sulmacheon basin. In addition, soil moisture time series observed at all FDR stations during the study period generally respond well to the rainfall events; and at some locations, the characteristics of rainfall water intercepted by canopy were also identified. The Temporal Stability Analysis (TSA) was performed for all FDR stations located within the CRNP footprint at each measurement depth to determine the representative locations for field-average soil moisture at different soil profiles of the verification network. The TSA results showed that superior performances were obtained at FDR 5 for 10 cm depth, FDR 8 for 20 cm depth, FDR2 for 30 cm depth, and FDR1 for 40 cm depth, respectively; demonstrating that those aforementioned stations can be regarded as temporal stable locations to represent field mean soil moisture measurements at their corresponding measurement depths. Although the limit on study duration has been presented, the analysis results of this study can provide useful knowledge on soil moisture variability and stability at the test bed, as well as supporting the utilization of the Cosmic-ray observation system for long-term field-scale soil moisture monitoring.
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김기영(Kim Kiyoung) 한국언어문학회 2006 한국언어문학 Vol.59 No.-
Now, I am introducing another volume of Korean travel verse to Keumkang Mountain called 〈Keumkang Yooramga〉 to circle. Hereby, it is a great fruit reward to have an opportunity to expand the data and information about Keumkang travel verse, or even further to Korean Kwanyoo verse or overall travel verse.<BR> Besides, this piece is a completed travel verse of ‘departure → itinerary → destination → return’ which is highly creditable for the fact that it attempted to continue traditional literature in modern literature period of journalism atmosphere or unceasing tradition of Keumkang travel verse through interactions with the readers while enhancing the quality and reflecting the time.<BR> Especially, the fact that the writer, who is calligrapher, provides much information on carved writings compared to other Keumkang travel verse is considered as a character and trait of its own. It is also valuable that the verse states that a noted scenery named Koosungdong was found in 1930.<BR> Furthermore, it catches the reader’s attention by informing the readers that it was the trend in 1920s’ and 1930s’ to go back to Seoul and go to one’s hometown after going sightseeing in the inner, outer Haekeumkang and Sambangyaksoo in Keumkang trip. This is the result of convenience in trip provided by the opening of Kyungwon line.<BR> 〈Keumkang Yooramga〉 by Keum Sangki is not only abundant in its value as literature research data but it is also valuable enough to be read by those who are interested in Keumkang Mountains.
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사용자 편의성을 고려한 전기자동차 주행성능 평가 전방향 시뮬레이터의 개발
김기영(Kiyoung Kim),이현섭(Hyunsub Lee),정종렬(Jongryeol Jeong),임원식(Wonsik Lim),차석원(Suk-won Cha),김정윤(Jungyun Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5
Electric vehicle is a strong candidate of new generation car than conventional car because of high efficiency, independence from oil and no emission. Electric vehicle consist of motor for drive, battery for energy source. And drive performance of EV is affected by capacity and characteristic of components. But manufacturing any combination of each components has many difficulties in view of money and time. Therefore performance evaluation through simulation have to be done. And expense for development and time can be reduced. This study have an objective in view for development and introduction of forward simulator for evaluation driving performance considering user convenience. Each component module is developed base on vehicle dynamics and the simulator is connected with each component in the course of energy flow. And user inputs data of each component to simulator by selecting component in GUI(graphic user interface). Moreover user can print out data which is wanted to see via GUI and can compare and analyze driving performance of each vehicle system. Simulator and GUI are developed via Matlab/Simulink and can be interlocked with HILS after ward.
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