Studies on the Ornithine Aminotransferase from Chicken Liver

김경순,박종옥,박광숙,Kim, Gyung-Soon,Park, Jong-Ok,Park, Kwang-Sook 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.2

닭 간에서 ornitine aminotransferase는 주로 mitochondrial fraction에 존재하였다. 이 효소를 열처리, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-200 filtration, CM-Sephadex column chromatography를 이용하여 정제해서 disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis를 하였더니 하나의 단백질 띠가 얻어졌다. 이 정제된 효소를 이용해서 몇가지 성질을 조사해본 결과는 다음과 갈다. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에 의해 측정된 분자량은 62,000이었고 gel filtration에 의한 값은 63,000이었으므로 이 효소는 monomer로 존재한다고 생각되었다. L-ornithine과 $\alpha$-ketoglutarate에 대한 $K_m$ 값은 각각 6.31 mM, 1, 03 mM 이였으며, 이 효소는 기질의 농도가 높을 때 저해되었고 또한 3 mM p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid를 가해주면 80% 저해되었다. glyoxylate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate도 L-ornithine보다는 못하지만 amino group acceptor로서 작용하였으며, 효소활성에 대한 최적 pH는 7.3으로 측정되었다. Ornithine aminotransferase was purified from chicken liver and several properties of the enzyme were studied. The purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without SDS. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 62,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and as 63,000 by gel filtration. The $K_m$ values for ornithine and $\alpha$-ketoglutarate were found to be 6.31 mM and 1.03 mM, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited either by high substrate concentrations or by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid. Glyoxylate, oxaloacetate and pyruvate could act as amino group acceptors, but they were much less effective than $\alpha$-ketoglutarate. Optimum pH of this enzyme was found to be 7.3.

닭 간의 Ornithine Aminotransferase 에 관한 연구

김경순,박종옥,박광숙 ( Gyung Soon Kim,Jong Ok Park,Kwang Sook Park ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.2

Ornithine aminotransferase was purified from chicken liver and several properties of the enzyme were studied. The purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without SDS. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 62,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and as 63,000 by gel filtration. The K_m values for ornithine and α-ketoglutarate were found to be 6.31 mM and 1.03 mM, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited either by high substrate concentrations or by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid. Glyoxylate, oxaloacetate and pyruvate could act as amino group acceptors, but they were much less effective than α-ketoglutarate. Optimum pH of this enzyme was found to be 7.3.

국립생태원 캠퍼스 내 주요 식생의 탄소수지

김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyung Lim ),안지홍 ( Ji Hong An ),이재석 ( Jae Seok Lee ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 2014 생태와 환경 Vol.47 No.3

This study was conducted to quantify a carbon budget of major vegetation types established in the campus of the National Institute of Ecology (NIE). Carbon budget was measured for Pinus thunbergii and Castanea crenata stands as the existing vegetation. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was determined by applying allometric method and soil respiration was measured by EGM-4. Heterotrophic respiration was calculated as 55% of total respiration based on the existing results. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) was determined by the difference between NPP and heterotrophic respiration (HR). NPPs of P. thunbergii and C. crenata stands were shown in 4.9 ton C ha-1 yr-1 and 5.3 ton C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Heterotrophic respirations of P. thunbergii and C. crenata stands were shown in 2.4 ton C ha-1 yr-1 and 3.5 ton C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. NEPs of P. thunbergii and C. crenata stands were shown in 2.5 ton C ha-1 yr-1 and 1.8 ton C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Carbon absorption capacity for the whole set of vegetation types established in the NIE was estimated by applying NEP indices obtained from current study and extrapolating NEP indices from existing studies. The value was shown in 147.6 ton C ha-1 yr-1 and it was calculated as 541.2 tonCO2 ha-1 yr-1 converted into CO2. This function corresponds to 62% of carbon emission from energy that NIE uses for operation of various facilities including the glass domes known in Ecorium. This carbon offset capacity corresponds to about five times of them of the whole national territory of Korea and the representative rural area, Seocheongun. Considered the fact that ongoing climate change was originated from imbalance of carbon budget at the global level, it is expected that evaluation on carbon budget in the spatial dimension reflected land use pattern could provide us baseline information being required to solve fundamentally climate change problem.

서울의 두 도시 근린공원에서 평가된 탄소수지

김경순 ( Kim Gyung Soon ),피정훈 ( Jung Hun Pi ),안지홍 ( Ji Hong An ),임치홍 ( Chi Hong Lim ),정성희 ( Song Hie Jung ),주승진 ( Seung Jin Joo ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2016 생태와 환경 Vol.49 No.1

본 연구는 서울시 노원구에 위치한 두 도시공원 (노해근린공원, 상계근린공원)의 탄소수지를 정량하고 인접한 자연공원인 불암산 신갈나무림을 대상으로 동일한 조사를 수행하여 그 개선방안을 찾기 위해 수행하였다. 순생산량(NPP)은 상대생장법을 적용하여 측정하였고, 토양호흡량은 EGM-4를 이용하여 측정하였다. 노해근린공원과 상계근린공원에 조성된 식생의 순생산량은 각각 5.4 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1와 4.8 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1로 나타났고, 불암산 신갈나무군락의 순생산량은 6.3 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1로 나타났다. 연간 종속영양생물 토양호흡량은 노해근린공원과 상계근린공원에서 각각 5.3 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1와 3.4 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1로 측정되었고, 불암산 신갈나무군락의 토양호흡량은 4.1 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1로 측정되었다. 공원구역에서 나지가 차지하는 면적을 반영하여 산정한 노해근린공원과 상계근린공원의 순생태계생산량은 각각 - 1.0 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1와 0.6 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1로 나타났고, 불암산 신갈나무군락의 순생태계생산량은 2.3 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1로 나타났다. 순생태계생산량 정보에 근거하면 노해근린공원은 탄소배출원으로 분류되었다. 반면에 상계근린공원은 탄소흡수원으로 구분되었지만 그 역할은 자연식생과 비교해 크게 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 도시공원의 낮은 순생태계생산량은 자연림과 비교해 낮은 순생산량과 탄소배출 기능이 있는 나지를 넓게 배정한 것에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to assess the carbon budget of two urban parks and one natural park and to prepare the plan for improving the ecological functions of the park including carbon sink. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) of those study sites was calculated from the relationship between Net Primary Production (NPP) and soil respiration of each study site. To understand carbon budget of the whole area designated as the park, carbon budget of the urban park was analyzed by classifying the vegetated and the non-vegetated zones. NEP of the Nohae and the Sanggye parks calculated by reflecting areal size that the non-vegetated zones occupy were shown in - 1.0 and 0.6 tonCha^-1 yr^-1, respectively. On the other hand, NEP of Mt. Bulam natural park as a reference site was in 2.3 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Based on the result, the Nohae park was assessed as carbon source rather than carbon sink. On the other hand, the Sanggye park was classified as carbon sink but the role was poor compared with natural park. The result is, first of all, due to lower NPP of the vegetation introduced for the parks compared with natural vegetation. The other reason is due to wide arrangement of non-vegetated zone. To solve those problems and thereby to create the urban park with high ecological quality, selection of plant species suitable for the ecological characteristic of the park, their arrangement imitated natural vegetation, and ecological zoning were recommended.

일본잎갈나무조림지의 생태적 변화와 그 결과를 통해 확인된 복원 효과

김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),안지홍 ( Ji Hong An ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyung Lim ),피정훈 ( Jung Hun Pee ),김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ),이호영 ( Ho Young Lee ),조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.2

Developmental process of vegetation over years after afforestation was analyzed in the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations with different stand ages. The height and diameter of Japanese larch increased rapidly until 24 years after afforestation and tended to be blunted thereafter. The density of Japanese larch was similar with each other in the 8 and 17 years old stands but was reduced greatly in the 24 years old plantation and changing little thereafter. The floristic composition of the Japanese larch plantation did not show any clear trend depending on stand ages. The differences of species composition among plantation themselves with different ages were bigger than those between plantations and the reference stands, Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) stands. Japanese larch plantations showed a trend of succession to native vegetation dominated by Mongolian oak based on the results of analysis of frequency distribution by diameter class of major tree species. Species richness and diversity of all plantations were higher than those of the reference vegetation. As were shown in the above mentioned results, it can be evaluated that Japanese larch plantations practiced in the level of the functional restoration achieved successful restoration based on the floristic composition similar to the reference vegetation, the successional trend toward native vegetation, and higher species diversity compared with the reference vegetation.

MODIS 시계열 자료(2001~2011) 및 Timesat 알고리즘에 기초한 남한 지역 식물계절 분석

김남신 ( Nam Shin Kim ),조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),오승환 ( Seung Hwan Oh ),권혜진 ( Hye Jin Kwon ),김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 2014 생태와 환경 Vol.47 No.3

This study aimed to analyze spatio-temporal trends of phenological characteristics in South Korea by using MODIS EVI. For the phenology analysis, we had applied double logistic function to MODIS time-series data. Our results showed that starting date of phenology seems to have a tendency along with latitudinal trends. Starting date of phenology of Jeju Island and Mt. Sobeak went back for 0.38, 0.174 days per year, respectively whereas, Mt. Jiri and Mt. Seolak went forward for 0.32 days, 0.239 days and 0.119 days, respectively. Our results exhibited the fluctuation of plant phonological season rather than the change of phonological timing and season. Starting date of plant phenology by spatial distribution revealed tendency that starting date of mountain area was late, and basin and south foot of mountain was fast. In urban ares such as Seoul metropolitan, Masan, Changwon, Milyang, Daegu and Jeju, the phonological starting date went forward quickly. Pheonoligcal attributes such as starting date and leaf fall in urban areas likely being affected from heat island effect and related warming. Our study expressed that local and regional monitoring on phonological events and changes in Korea would be possible through MODIS data.

지난 40년간 한반도 기온의 시,공간적 분포 변화에 관한 연구

김남신 ( Nam Shin Kim ),김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ) 한국지리정보학회 2013 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구는 한반도 기온변화를 분석하여 기후대의 변화와 도시지역에서의 기온분포의 시·공간적 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 1974년부터 2007년까지 34년간 남북 기상관측소에서 수집된 자료를 활용하였다. 기온은 고도와 선형관계를 갖기 때문에 고도별 월별 기온단열 감율을 계산하여 역거리가중법으로 500m 해상도의 분포도를 작성하였다. 도시화 지역에서의 자료는 연도별 인구변화와 기온변화를 비교분석하였다. 온량지수로 구분한 기후대는 남부기후구가 90년대 이후 위도가 크게 상승하는 것으로 분석되었다. 도시지역의 평균기온상승은 80년대와 90년대에 0.5~1.2상승한 것으로 분석되었다. 기온 상승은 서울과 광역시 그리고 시단위 지역에서 나타났는데 이들 지역은 80년대와 90년대에 인구증가와 더불어 도시화와 산업화의 속도가 빠르게 진행된 지역이다. 북한의 경우는 평양, 안주시, 개천시, 혜산시에서도 인구증가와 더불어 기온상승효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study is to construe the spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and the changes of climatical regions by analyzing a climate change in Korea peninsular. We used daily mean air temperature data which were collected in South and North climate stations for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature maps of 500m resolution with Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of mean temperature was 0.5~1.2℃ in urban areas such as Seoul, metropolitan and cities which had a rapid urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, cities such as Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, and Hesan had the same pattern.

자갈 하중주에서 식생의 공간 분포 및 동태: 방태천의 사례

피정훈 ( Jung Hun Pee ),김혜수 ( Hye Soo Kim ),김경순 ( Gyung Soon Kim ),오우석 ( Woo Seok Oh ),구본열 ( Bon Yoel Koo ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.2

We clarified the background for establishment of vegetation by comparing the spatial distribution maps of vegetation and substrate on a gravel bar in the Bangtae stream located on Inje-gun of Gangwon-do, the central eastern Korea. The total vegetation coverage was higher in the interior and lower in the marginal parts of the gravel bar. Spatial distribution of vegetation on the longitudinal section of the gravel bar tended to be arranged in the order of shrub, subtree, and tree dominated vegetation types from the front (upstream) toward the rear (downstream) parts. Coverage of the herbaceous plants was higher in the central and rear parts and lower in the front and right parts of the gravel bar. Vegetation height was higher in the rear part and became lowered as move toward the front part. Substrate was distributed in the order of boulder, gravel, sand, and boulder from the front toward the rear parts. Ordination of stands based on vegetation data was arranged in the order of annual plant, perennial herb, shrub, and tree dominated vegetation as move from the right to the left parts on the axis I. Species richness was higher in the order of Pinus densiflora community, Phragmites japonica community, Salix gracilistyla community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, annual plant dominated vegetation, and Prunus padus for. padus community based on the species rank-abundance curve. The order based on the Shannon`s index was some different; diversity of Phragmites japonica community and Salix gracilistyla community, which showed higher dominance degree, were low differently from species richness. In conclusion, it was evaluated that the gravel bar newly established toward the upstream and vegetation dynamics of the gravel bar seemed to follow ecosystem mechanisms of succession. As were shown in the above results, the Bangtae stream corresponded to the upstream and thereby particle size of substrate was big. Therefore, they move by rolling and are accumulated for the upstream. Vegetation types were arranged in the order of woodland, shrub-land and grassland from the rear toward the front parts of the gravel bar and thereby reflected the formation process of the bar. However, the gravel bar is disturbed frequently by not only the running water but also the suspended sand as the dynamic space. Such disturbances cause habitat diversity and consequently led to high biodiversity.

Purification and Properties of Chicken Liver Ornithine Aminotransferase

Kang, Seong-Ho,Kim, Gyung-Soon 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1984 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.33 No.-

닭 간 중에 함유된 Ornithine aminotransferase(OAT)는 대부분 mitochondrial fraction에 존재하였다. 열처리, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sephadex column chromatographyf를 시행하여 닭 간 OAT를 122배 정제하였다. Ornithine과 α-ketoglutarate에 대한 Michaelis 상수는 각각 7.02mM, 1.00mM이었으며 optimum pH는 7.3이었다. Ornithine aminotransferase(OAT) was found to be located almost exclusively in the mitochondrial fraction of the chicken liver cell. Chicken liver OAT was partially purified by a procedure involving heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatographies on Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose and CM-Sephadex, with a 122-fold increase in specific activity. The Michaelis constants for ornithine and α-ketoglutarate, as measured with the partially purified enzyme, were 6.66mM and 1.00mM, respectively, with a pH optimum of 7.3.