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곽기영(Kee Young Kwahk),길진호(Jin Ho Kil) 한국경영학회 2010 經營學硏究 Vol.39 No.2
Turbulent changes of competitive environment have forced organizations to continue enhancing their capabilities to respond to the dynamic environment. With the competitive pressure and the development of information and communication technology (ICT), many organizations have introduced various kinds of enterprise-wide systems like enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as strategic tools for the purpose of improving organizational performance. Despite their promised strategic benefits, however, their implementation has suffered from a high failure rate and difficulty in realizing the anticipated benefits. Many factors have been widely reported to account for the success and failure of ERP systems implementation, which are not limited to technical issues but various causes arising from the interactions among people, task, and technology. Previous studies have indicated that one of the most critical failure reasons is the lack of knowledge sharing and utilization across organizations. Individuals need to share and transfer their knowledge in order to attain successful usage of and performance benefits from ERP systems, while organizations have to focus on integration of existing knowledge with new one from ERP systems in order to achieve successful organizational change. As a consequence, many information systems (IS) researchers have paid attention to examining the effect of absorptive capacity closely associated with knowledge sharing and transferring on IS usage performance. Knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity can be interpreted in the context of social exchange, in which individuals anticipate future rewards without explicit promise in exchange for their contributions. Based on the social exchange, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can be described as a set of behaviors resulting from communications and interactions among individuals that help their colleagues spontaneously, comply with the rules and policy of organizations, prevent possible problems related to their tasks, and commit themselves to working for organizations. ERP systems implementation involves changes not only in systems but also in processes and other social dimensions, which requires appropriate communications and interactions among organizational members. A lack of communications and interactions due to a lack of OCB might lead to weak absorptive capacity and thus negatively influence knowledge sharing across organizations, because OCB facilitates a successful collaboration among functional units and positively impacts individual’s attitude toward radical organizational change. In addition, this kind of spontaneous activities of individuals facilitates enhancing their learning capabilities about the new knowledge and thereby positively influences knowledge sharing across organizations. With this motivation, this study has two research objectives. First, it introduces and tests a theoretical model accounting for the relationships among performance of ERP system usage, absorptive capacity, and OCB. Second, it examines a mediating role of absorptive capacity between OCB and performance of EPR system usage. In order to test the proposed model, the overall approach employed was a field study using the structural equation model. We developed our data collection instrument by adopting existing validated questions wherever possible. A total of 168 complete and valid responses were obtained from 15 organizations. We carried out data analysis using a twostep methodology with LISREL 8.7. The empirical results supported the proposed model and identified the role of the full mediation of absorptive capacity. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions were reached. First, organizational citizenship behavior significantly influences absorptive capacity. Second, it was revealed that the absorptive capacity of the members of an organization significantly influences the usage performance of ERP systems. Third, absorptive capacity was found to
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