시금치의 엽록소 측정을 위한 SPAD 값과 스마트폰 영상 분석

권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),이호서 ( Hoseo Lee ),박두산 ( Tusan Park ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

작물의 영양상태 및 생육상태를 파악하기 위해서 사용되는 방법은 현장에서 시각적으로 판단하거나 엽록소 양 등으로 유추하고 있다. 식품으로 사용되는 녹색 식물의 엽록소를 정량하기 위한 연구는 오래전부터 수행되어왔으며 다양한 분석방법과 이와 관련된 엽록소 산출식들이 제시되어 있다. 형광광도분석을 이용하거나 흡광도를 측정해서 산출식에 의해 엽록소 함량을 계산하는 방법, 고속크로마토그래피법으로 성분을 검출한 후 검량선을 이용해 엽록소 함량을 구하는 법 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 스마트폰 이미지 센서를 이용해 시금치 잎에서 엽록소 측정 가능성을 고찰하였다. 본 실험에서 사용한 시금치는 일반 시중에서 구입하여, 증류수로 세척한 후 상온 건조한 것을 시료로 사용하였다. 건조된 시금치 잎은 6구간으로 나눠 Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) 값을 측정(SPAD-502 PLUS, KONICA MINOLTA)한 후 스마트폰(Galaxy S7, Samsung)을 사용하여 영상을 획득하였다. 획득한 이미지의 RGB (Red-Green-Blue) 화소값을 SPAD 값과 비교 분석하였다. 스마트폰으로 얻은 시금치 잎 영역의 영상을 R, G, B, R/G, B/G, B/R의 평균 화소값으로 구하고 이들 값과 SPAD 값의 상관관계를 분석하였다. R, G, B 각 영상은 SPAD 값과 판별계수(R²) 0.7127, 0.8193, 0.4476의 관계를 나타냈으며, B/G가 가장 높은 선형성(R²=0.8996)을 보였다. 180만 원을 호가하는 SPAD 측정기의 성능을 단순히 스마트폰 이미지센서를 이용하여 재현하였다. 또한, 기존의 SPAD 측정기에서 가장 큰 문제는 데이터의 저장이다. 반면에 스마트폰에서는 데이터의 저장이 용이하며 사진에서 GPS 데이터를 로깅할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서와 같은 프로세서를 적용하면 다양한 작물을 대상으로 엽록소 함량을 측정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후에는 이 모델식을 기반으로 Android 스마트폰용 어플리케이션을 개발하고 별도의 잎 홀더를 부착하여 외부의 광원을 차단하고 스마트폰 광원을 활용하여 밭작물 생육정보 측정용 스마트폰 플랫폼을 개발하고자 한다.

파워트레인 소음 진동 개요

권오준(Ojun Kwon) 한국자동차공학회 2008 오토저널 Vol.30 No.2

떫은감 진피 복합추출물의 급성 역류성 식도염 개선 효과

권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),이아름 ( Ahreum Lee ),노성수 ( Seong Soo Roh ) 대한본초학회 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate protective effects of Combined Extract of young persimmon fruit and citrus peel (PCM) in Reflux Esophagitis(RE) rats. Methods : Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided four groups and each group had six rats; Normal group, RE control group, RE group treated PCM 50 ,100 mg/kg body weight group. Reflux esophagitis was induced that tied the pylorus and fundus in SD rats stomach. PCM was administered at 50, 100 mg/kg body weight 2 hrs prior to induction of RE. After 6 hrs, the effects of PCM treated rats were compared with those of normal and control rats. We have performed an analysis such as pH of stomach secretion, oxidative stress biomarkers in serum, and western blot.Results : The increased esophageal mucosa damage by RE was markedly improved by PCM treatment in a dosedependent manner. Also, the administration of PCM decreased the elevated serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in serum. The protein expressions of anti oxidant such as SOD, catalase, GPx exhibited down-regulation by PCM treatment in tissues. And, PCM effectively reduce inflammatory cytokines such as inflammation-related proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RE rats. In addition, NFκB and p-IκBα were decreased in PCM-adiministrated RE rats. But there was no difference on stomach secretion pH between reflux esophagitis rats and PCM administration rat group. Conclusions : In conclusion, administration of PCM (50, 100 mg/kg body weight) made esophagus have less inflammation and injury by decreased NFκB path way. These findings suggest that PCM could have Improving effects on reflux esophagitis.

상황버섯, 감초 복합추출물의 항산화 및 인체적용 아토피 개선 효능 연구

권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),이아름 ( Ahreum Lee ),도국배 ( Kookbae Do ) 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives : This study investigated the anti-oxidant activities and improving effect of Phellinus linteus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract (PGE) on Atopic Dermatitis. Methods : 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical, Hydrogen peroxides scavenging activities and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were used for the measurement of anti-oxidant ability. Cytotoxicity of PGE in Raw 264.7 cell was evaluated by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-atopic dermatitis effect of PGE, a total of 33 patients with atopic dermatitis were observed trans epidermal water loss, skin moisture content, modified SCORAD index of atopic dermatitis and pruritic degree after applying the PGE for 4 weeks. Results : PGE scavenged DPPH (IC⁵⁰=25ppm) effectively, ABTS and Hydrogenperoxides scavenged similar to BHA. As for the SOD-like activity, it had lower effect than ascorbic acid, but it comparable activities in 500ppm. There was no cytotoxicity at PGE at concentrations of 10,000ppm. In clinical research about PGE on patients with atopic dermatitis, skin condition was improved. After 4 weeks, the application of PGE increased skin moisture content from 19.43 to 31.22. Moreover, it reduced the skin temperature (from 32.5 to 31.9), skin pH (from 5.39 to 5.22), trans epidermal water loss (from 39.03 to 24.46) and pruritus score (from 6.07 to 3.87). In addition, the Modified SCORAD index decreased from 31.28 to 20.3. Conclusions : In conclusion, PGE possesses anti-oxidant and anti-atopic dermatitis activities, thus it could be potentially valuable as anti-atopic dermatitis material.

오매(烏梅)와 증숙오매(蒸熟烏梅)의 생리활성 연구

구가람 ( Garam Ku ),권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),노성수 ( Seong-soo Roh ),서영배 ( Young-bae Seo ) 대한본초학회 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

Objectives:Presently Mume Fructus (MF) undergoes fumigation, which produces benzo[a]pyrene. As a primary analysis with the aims to minimize the production of benzo[a]pyrene and to suggest standards for processing the MF, the steaming method was chosen among the various processing methods, and reviewed through a series of experiments. Methods:Pitted and un-pitted MF were steamed and processed into samples. After testing level of benzo[a]pyrene, the samples were analyzed for amount of polyphenol and flavonoids. Scavenging activities of the samples for the DPPH and ABTS radicals were tested. In order to measure anti-inflammatory effects of the samples, cell survival rate was investigated using CCK-8 Assay. Also, water extracts of dried and steamed MF were administered to the RAW 264.7 cells to compare expressions of NO, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, anti-diarrhea effects of the herbal medicine were tested on animal models with diarrhea induced by MgSO4 and Castor oil. Results:Regardless of pitting, processed MF contained no benzo[a]pyrene. Anti-oxidation effect increased in relation to the frequency of steaming process. However, extracts of dried and steamed MF suppressed different kinds of inflammation factors, and extract of dried MF showed superior anti-diarrhea effect than extract of steamed MF. Conclusions:It is suggested that steaming method of MF is recommended for processing the herbal medicine without the production of benzo[a]pyrene. But regarding that dried and steamed MF showed differences in their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrhea effects, it is recommended to perform further researches on different efficacies of MF according to their processing methods.

포제한약재의 최종당화산물 생성 억제 활성 및 항산화 효과

이아름 ( Ahreum Lee ),권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),최준영 ( Joonyoung Choi ),노성수 ( Seong-soo Roh ) 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: Advanced glycation end product (AGEs) is combine formation of glucose and protein. AGEs and reactive oxygen species are potential therapeutic targets for the various disease such as diabetic complications, renal injury, skin damage. The aim of this study was investigated the AGEs inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of water extracts from 40 Korean medicines and 5 heating-processed Korean medicines. Methods: AGEs formation inhibitory activities of Korean medicines measured using bovine serum albumin (BSA), glucose, and fructose. Then, five effective Korean medicines were selected and heated with 30% ethanol. The AGEs inhibitory activities of heated Korean medicine were measured compared with not-heated Korean medicines. The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. Furthermore, we examined total phenol and flavonoids contents. Results: Scutellariae Radix, Corni Fructus, Persimmon Fruit, Paeoniae Radix, Mori Folium respectively reduced AGEs production. Morever, heating-processed Scutellariae Radix has AGEs inhibitory activities better than not-processed Scutellariae Radix. Heating- processed Scutellariae Radix scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively and IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of Heat processed Scutellariae Radix were 15.47±0.26 ㎍/㎖ and 12.07±1.23 ㎍/㎖. It caused heat processing methods of Scutellariae Radix up regulated total phenol and flavonoids contents (26.68±0.01 to 46.15±0.10, 20.30±0.38 to 64.20 ±0.52). Conclusion: It has AGEs inhibitory activities that 20 kind of medicinal plants of 40 medicinal plants. Especially, heat processed Scutellariae Radix has excellent AGEs inhibitory activities and antioxidant effect.

최종당화산물 억제를 통한 상엽(桑葉)의 항피부노화 효과

이아름,김수현,김수지,김경조,권오준,최준영,노성수,Lee, AhReum,Kim, SooHyun,Kim, SuJi,Kim, KyeongJo,Kwon, Ojun,Choi, JoonYoung,Roh, Seong-Soo 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

Objectives : Recently, numerous studies reported that excessive generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated expression of skin wrinkle related proteins. This study aimed to evaluate inhibits skin wrinkle formation effect of Mori Folium (MF) through decreased AGEs. Methods : To evaluate the skin wrinkle inhibition effect of MF, SD-rats were divided into three groups; normal rats (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induce rats treated with MF at dose of 100mg/kg body weight (MF). To induced AGEs, streptozotocin (50mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and after 3 days, 100mM methyl glyoxal was administered orally for 3 weeks. After the experiment, the animal's dorsal skin tissues and serum were separated and tested. Results : The oral administration of MF suppressed the AGEs level in serum. Also, the AGEs in skin tissues was significantly reduced through treatment of MF compared with control group. Moreover, the expressions of AGEs related proteins such as polyclonal anti-$N^e$-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), anti-$N^e$-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), AGE receptors (RAGE) were reduced in MF group compared with the control group in kidney and skin tissues. The matrix metallo proteinase-1 (MMP-1) reduced by MF treatment with the result that collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2) was improved that reduced by accumulation of AGEs. Conclusion : The evidence of this study indicate that oral administration of MF reduces the levels of AGEs in serum, skin, and kidney tissues. In conclusion, MF inhibit skin wrinkle formation, suggesting the potential of anti-wrinkle material.

견인 부하 계측 전 토양 특성 분석

김준희 ( Junhee Kim ),권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),우승민 ( Seungmin Woo ),두윰우예다니엘 ( Uyeh Daniel Dooyum ),문용주 ( Yongju Moon ),하유신 ( Yushin Ha ),신창섭 ( Changseop Shin ),심성보 ( Sungbo Shim ),박두산 ( Tusan Park ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

밭에서 농기계를 사용할 경우, 밭의 상태가 농기계의 특성 및 성능에 큰 영향을 미치며 특히 토양의 경도는 각종 작업기의 작업에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 트랙터 작업의 경우 토양경도에 따라 트랙터의 견인력이 달라지기 때문에 소요되는 동력의 크기가 다르다. 이에 본 연구에서는 토양의 경도를 측정하고, 해당되는 지점의 토양 시료를 채취하여 각각의 함수율과 토성을 분석하였다. 경상북도 군위군에 소재하고 있는 경북대학교 밭농업기계개발연구센터 필드에서 진행하였으며 3개의 80 m 레인으로 나누어 8 m 간격 총 30곳의 토양 경도(FieldScout SC900 Soil Compaction Meter, Spectrum Technolgies, Inc.)를 측정하였다. 토양 깊이가 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 cm 일 때 평균 토양경도는 69, 99, 130, 156 psi로 측정되었으며 1, 2, 3레인의 평균 토양경도는 78.875, 102.5, 159.9 psi로 측정되었다. 토양의 함수율은 건조기를 이용하여 16시간 건조 후, {(건조 전 토양 무게 - 건조 후 토양 무게) / 건조전 토양 무게 × 100}을 이용하여 함수율을 측정하였다. 30개 토양의 최대 함수율은 8.092%, 최소 함수율은 4.653%, 평균 함수율은 6.293%로 분석되었으며 토양 경도가 높을수록 함수율이 낮게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 토성은 체가름 시험기를 통해 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.106, 0.053, 0.02 mm의 체를 이용하여 토양을 분리하였다. 미농무성법에 따르면 토양은 크기에 따라 굵기가 2 mm 이상인 것을 자갈, 0.02 mm 이상 2mm 미만을 모래, 0.02 mm 미만을 점토라고 하는데, 자갈 14.85%, 모래 55.95% 점토 29.2%로 분류되어 양토로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 측정되고 분석된 토양의 특성들은 다양한 밭농업용 작업기에 걸리는 견인력 등의 부하를 측정하고 분석할 수 있는 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대 되어진다.

산수유의 최종당화산물 억제로 인한 주름 개선효과

이아름,김수현,김수지,김경조,권오준,최준영,노성수,Lee, AhReum,Kim, SooHyun,Kim, SuJi,Kim, KyeongJo,Kwon, Ojun,Choi, JoonYoung,Roh, Seong-Soo 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

Objectives : Corni Fructus (CF) is traditional herbal medicine used on polyuria, low back pain, and tinnitus. This study aimed to evaluate inhibits skin wrinkle formation effect of CF. Methods : To evaluate the produce inhibition effect of CF, SD-rats were distributed into four groups; normal rats (Nor), AGEs (advenced glycation end product)-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100mg/kg CF (CF). To induce AGEs, streptozotocin (50mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and after 3 days oral administrated 100mM methyl glyoxal for 3 weeks. Results : The oral administration of CF suppressed the reactive oxygen specis (ROS) in serum. The AGEs in skin tissues was significantly reduced through treatment of CF. Furthermore, the expressions of AGEs related proteins such as polyclonal anti-$N^e$-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), anti-$N^e$-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), AGE receptors (RAGE) were decreased in CF treated group compared with the control group in skin tissues. Inflammation-related proteins such as Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) reduced in CF treatment group than control group. AGE-induced rats exhibited that the significant decreased collagen however, CF treatment (100mg/kg of body weight) up regulated collagen by improved the expression levels of skin fibril-related genes such as Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1). Conclusion : Taken together, our study suggests that CF regulates ROS to prevent accumulation of AGEs and inhibits skin wrinkles. Our finding indicate that CF may be an effective agent for inhibits AGEs formation, and improved skin wrinkle.

현미와 발아현미의 상부 위장관 보호 효능

이아름 ( Ahreum Lee ),김성현 ( Sunghyun Kim ),권오준 ( Ojun Kwon ),노성수 ( Seong-soo Roh ) 대한본초학회 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Objectives: This study is experimental comparison of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) on upper gastrointestinal diseases animal models. Methods: The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups of six animals each (Normal mice, gastritis mice, gastritis mice treated with BR, gastritis mice treated with 48h GBR). Gastritis was induced by administration of 0.5 mL 150 mM HCl-60% ethanol. Six.week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups after 1 week adaptation. (Normal rat, reflux esophagitis (RE) rat, RE rat treated with BR, RE rat treated with 24,30,36,48h GBR). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligation with a 2-0 silk thread both the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in SD rats. Results:HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of 48h GBR than BR. Optical changes such as hyperemia and multiple erosions were observed in the rats with RE and damage to the normal rats was not apparent. The oral administration of GBR significantly diminished against gross mucosal damage in a germination time-dependent manner. Also, the administration of GBR suppressed the biomarker of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in serum. However, the administration of GBR could not affect to the pH level secreted from stomach when compared with Control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that GBR could have improving effects on upper gastrointestinal diseases in a germination time-dependent manner.