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중학생의 예상-관찰-설명(POE) 단계의 과학 수업에 의한 에너지 개념의 변화
권성기 에너지기후변화교육학회 2011 에너지기후변화교육 Vol.1 No.2
본 연구에서는 중학생이 에너지 개념을 학습하는 상황에서 학생들이 가진 직관적인 에 너지 개념을 과학적인 개념으로 변화시키는데 효과적인 POE 활용 수업을 받은 결과를 분석하 였다. 에너지 개념을 조사하기 위한 도구를 선택 후 설명식 형태로 개발하였고, 연구 대상으로 서울에 있는 중학교 3학년 혼성 학급 중에서 통제 집단(n=52)과 실험 집단(n=50)을 선정하였 다. 실험 집단의 학생에게는 예상하고 관찰한 후 예상과 관찰을 비교 설명하는 과제를 풀게 하 였다. 예상 관찰 설명 과제를 활용한 수업을 받은 실험 집단의 학생들은 객관식 점수뿐만 아니 라 주관식 점수에서도 증가를 보인 결과를 분석하고, 과학적인 에너지 개념으로 변화시킨 수업 방식을 제안하였다.
권성기,권도현 한국초등과학교육학회 2000 초등과학교육 Vol.19 No.1
The unit of a buoyant force included in the 7th national science curriculum for 6th grade students. On the contrary, it seldom that students' conception about buoyant phenomena is studied, even though there has been many studies of students' conceptions of basic science contents. The purpose of this study was to survey the elementary school students' conceptions of a buoyant force, to analyze their cognitive levels, and to explore the relationships between them. Sixth grade students (total numbers is 192) were selected from 5 classes in two elementary schools in a local city of Kyungsangdo. They were asked to respond two kinds of test, which are the Logical Thinking Ability (GALT) to investigate students' cognitive levels and the Buoyant Force Questionnaire (BFQ). We developed BFQ test, based on the 7th national science curriculum for 6th grade and the previous researches of a buoyant force. We, qualitatively, analysed students' frequency of responses about a buoyant force and their types of explanation, and, quantitatively, analysed the relationships between cognitive levels and conceptions of a buoyant force with SPSS/PC 7.0 programmes. The results of cognitive level showed that half of 6th grade students were in the concrete operational stage, 43.2% in the transitional stage, 6.8% in the formal stage. However, their sub-logical thinking abilities in a combinational, conservational, controlling variables, proportional, probability and cotrelational logic were very fluctuated from 91% to 8%. The results that only 4.8% of elementary students had correct conceptions of a buoyant force suggest that 6th grade students had great difficulties in understanding of that concept. Their difficulties would originated from the frequent common-sense explanations of a buoyant phenomena in terms of the weight or the unique properties or the contact area of an object or with/without air. Furthermore students' explanations, frequently, changed with context of problems of a buoyant force. Scheffe test of quantitative results that elementary students in the concrete level had 50.6% of concept formation in a buoyant force, the transitional level 54.5%, and in the formal operational level 62.8% showed significant differences of conceptions of a buoyant force with cognitive levels. Therefore the concrete operational elementary students had more difficulties of understanding of a buoyant force than the transitional and formal level, which is required to higher cognitive levels. This conclusion have implications that the unit of a buoyant force have to be presented with concrete activities for majority of students who are in concrete and transitional levels.
How did Elementary Teachers Handle Critical Experiments in Science Classrooms?
권성기,이미경,남일균 한국초등과학교육학회 2009 초등과학교육 Vol.28 No.2
Critical Experiments (CE) in science classrooms mean, tentatively, critical situations as comparable to anomalous cases in scientific revolutions where the results of science experiments in schools are unclear, differ from the theory, or students misunderstand the purpose of the experiments. The purpose of this research is to identify what CE occurred during science classes and to investigate how elementary teachers handled them. To analyze how teachers recognized and handled CE, we selected nine typical CE from the 7th Korean science curriculum. 125 teachers were selected from 8 districts’ elementary schools in a local city. A questionnaire with photos of the nine CE above-mentioned was distributed to these teachers. The focus in this research was the way that each teacher handled the CE. We discovered that there were three basic ways in which teachers handled CE. When CE occurred, 51% of elementary teachers explained the correct result of the experiment (what should have happened) to the students while 40.7% of the teachers repeated to get the correct results. The focuses of handling CE varied. 57 % of the teachers focused on the ‘materials’ while 30% of the teachers focused on the ‘theory’. The other focus was ‘thinking’. Only 7.6% of the teachers answered that they gave students a chance to think about the reasons why the CE happened. By analyzing our survey results, we could determine what each teacher did as a follow up to the CE and their focus and reasoning for handling the CE this way. When the CE happened in the science class, few handled the CE with the point of view about purpose of doing experiment. As a result, students could not gain educational experience from the CE. If we use CE as a new method to teach science, it will be a good subject incorporating the nature of science in science education.
권성기 한국과학교육학회 1997 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.17 No.4
In order to study the effect of student's conceptions about force and motion into the graph construction in kinematics in college physics course, the tasks of constructing the qualitative graph in the similar problem context used in force conception was asked to the first 74 and third 97 student teacher in teachers' university. The frequencies analysis showed that student teachers had the naive conceptions that the throwing force was still acted to a upwarding ball. They also had the popular Aristotelian views about motion. These naive conceptions coexisted with the scientific conception about gravitational force. In a simple pendulum problem no one had the correct acceleration concepts which varies the direction in swing. This result suggest that student teacher had more difficulties in a acceleration problem than in a velocity problem. In v-t and a-t graph construction tasks, the number of categories of a-t graphs were more than that of v-t graphs. There were many graph errors in a sign of velocity and acceleration. The acceleration conceptions without the relations of changes in velocity made the kinematics graphs more various shapes. The force and motion conceptions influenced the ability to construct the kinematics graphs.