한ᆞ중 증권감독의 비교연구 : 체계와 제도를 중심으로 Focusing on System and Institutions

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ) 현대중국학회 2003 現代中國硏究 Vol.5 No.2

중국 보험시장의 제도적 장벽과 우리나라의 대응방안 -기업 진출 사례를 중심으로-

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2013 中國硏究 Vol.58 No.-

It has been estimated that the insurance company of China is open relatively widely among financial markets, since China`s entry into the WTO. China has not only current big insurance market but also big potential market. Korean insurances should consider the following strategies when they intend to enter the insurance market in China. First, Korean life insurance companies should expand investment in establishing joint venture companies. And the company that has established a local subsidiary should expand its branches. Second, Korean property insurance companies have established their local subsidiaries, so they should focus on expanding their branches. Third, Korean property insurance companies should be ready to acquire shares among Chinese property insurance companies. It is necessary that Korean companies acquire shares in Chinese companies and create a synergy effect. Fourth, Korean insurance companies should make preparations for the additional opening of Chinese insurance market. Finally, Korean insurance companies should establish the long-term strategies to attract local customers. Therefore, they should fuel growth engines by building cooperation mechanism.

선발자와 후발자의 경쟁우위 관점에서 본 중국 스마트 폰 산업

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ) 한중사회과학학회 2015 한중사회과학연구 Vol.13 No.4

As the Chinese local companies grow fast in the smart phone industry in the world market as well as in the Chinese local market, they have threatened Korean companies. Especially Samsung Electronics was surpassed by local companies in China. In terms of levels of technology or types of technology, the company(leader) that holds application technology sustains the superiority in a relatively short term, but the company that has original technology maintains the superiority in the relatively long term. In terms of levels of the price, it is possible that the leader may surpass the followers again even though the former was surpassed by the latter in the high price smart phone market. On the contrary, it is very difficult that the leader overtakes the followers again in case the followers surpass the leader in the low price smart phone market. In order to regain the superiority in the Chinese smart phone market, Korean companies need to take different strategies in the high or low price smart phone. They need to invest in much more original technology besides the imitation of the leader or the development of similar technology in the high price market. Considering that there is little difference of quality in the low price market, they need to establish aggressive price-lowering strategies.

중국 진출 우리나라 금융기관의 녹색금융 진출에 관한 연구

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ),황원일 ( Won Il Hwang ) 한중사회과학학회 2011 한중사회과학연구 Vol.9 No.3

This paper intends to propose implications for Korean financial institutions by analyzing green finance of China. First, green finance of China has been growing rapidly since it began in 1997. Second, green finance of China is on the rapid growth, but it not so much compared with other works. Third, green finance of China began with many kinds of fields, including green loan, green insurance, and green securities, but it has been developing on a main basis of green loan. Fourth, green finance of China is developing by government-led and financial institutions` following model, not by financial institutions theirselves. Fifth, it is recognized that the green finance of Chinese banks make contributions to their benefit and society. Finally, green finance of China has great potentiality but it is uncertain when the market will be formed to a degree. It is necessary that Korean financial institutions in China should perform the following strategies in order to succeed in green finance of China. SO strategies are as follows: 1) Understanding the policy of the Chinese government toward green finance and analyzing the green industry, 2) Entry into the green finance market by merging local financial institutions, 3) Enlarging the portfolio of green finance, 4) Enhancing the system of green enterprises, etc. WT strategies are as follows: 1) Marketing in the niche market rather than in the main market in terms of areas, 2) Focusing on prominent fields rather than on overall fields, 3) Focusing on potential green enterprises rather than large-scale green enterprises, 4) Enhancing the level of service toward green enterprises, 5) Forming the image as ``Social Enterprises``, etc.

중국 상장기업의 비유통주 개혁에 따른 주식시장의 반응

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ) 현대중국학회 2011 現代中國硏究 Vol.13 No.1

본 논문은 비유통주 개혁이 지난 10년간 지속되어 오면서 중국의 주식시장과 중국경제에 어떤 변화를 가져다주고 있는지 분석하고자 한다. 중국 상장기업의 비유통주 개혁은 지난 10여 년간 중국 주식시장에 상당한 영향을 미쳐 왔다. 단계별로 보면 비유통주 개혁이 비유통주의 유통주 전환 → 보호예수기간 설정 → 보호예수기간 해제 → 보호예수 해제 후 매매 등 단계를 거쳐 진행되고 있다. 한편 비유통주 개혁이 법적으로 대부분 완료되었다고 하지만 현실적으로는 여전히 완결되지 않고 미진한 부분이 남아 있다. 국유기업의 비유통주가 유통주로 된 후에도 여전히 국가가 대주주로 남아있는 것이 대표적인 예이다. 비유통주 개혁이 완료된 후에도 여전히 해결해야 할 과제를 검토하면 주로 다음과 같다. 우선 비유통주 개혁으로 인해 국유기업의 신뢰가 제고되었다고 보기 어려운 면이 존재한다. 다음으로 비유통주 개혁이 법적으로 대부분 완결되었다 할지라도 실질적으로 비유통주 개혁의 후광은 여전히 남아 있다고 보는 것이 타당할 것이다. 마지막으로 비유통주 개혁은 단순히 과거의 일로 끝나는 것이 아니라 향후 상당 기간 지속적으로 주식시장에 영향을 미칠 전망이다. This paper focuses on analyzing the results that untradable stocks` reform has brought in stock market of China for the past 10 years. The untradable stocks` reform of listed companies has had a considerable effect on stock market in China for 10 years. The untradable stocks` reform has been performed stage by stage: 1) Untradable stocks are converted into tradable stocks. 2) The trade of untradable stocks is constraint temporarily. 3) Untradable stocks are released. 4) The trade is peformed after the release of temporary constraint. And then, untradable stocks` reform is completed by law, but the reform is not completed substantially. For example, the nation still remains major share-holder of state-owned companies even after untradable stocks are switched over tradable stocks. There still remains the following issues to review after the completion of untradable stocks` reform. First, it is difficult to say that untradable stocks` reform has enhanced the confidence of state-owned companies. And then, untradable stocks` reform still affects stock market in substance after the reform is completed legally. Finally, untradable stocks` reform will affect stock market in the future, not just in the past.

중국 정부의 과학기술재정 지원과 중국 기업의 과학기술금융에 대한 분석

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ),황원일 ( Won Il Huang ) 한중사회과학학회 2014 한중사회과학연구 Vol.12 No.4

This paper focuses on Chinese science and technology companies’ financing through the two channels including science and technology public finance of the government and science and technology finance of the private sector. Chinese science and technology companies are supplied with needed capital through science and technology public finance and science and technology finance. The ratio of Chinese science and technology public finance has not been much different, but the scale has been enlarged as public finance expenditure becomes bigger. Nevertheless, the distribution of science and technology public finance has structural problems and various companies cannot receive the money. In other words, science and technology public finance is mainly distributed to big and state-owned companies, but it is difficult for small and medium size companies get the public finance. The enterprises that get little favors of science and technology public finance have mainly been supplied with science and technology finance. Science and technology is classified as bank loans and capital market financing, as for China, banks that have absolute ratio of market shares are unwilling to give loans to science and technology enterprises. Even though banks give loans to science and technology enterprises, they are inclined to give loans to enterprises that develop technology and gain profits. As for capital, the ratio of traditional enterprises is high on the whole. The small and medium enterprise market and Chinext market is growing very fast in recent years. In order to facilitate money supply for science and technology enterprises, the Chinese government has built the system that assesses the value of science and technology enterprises and has induced financial companies to develop financial goods to reduce the risk of themselves. The government has induced financial companies including banks, insurance companies and securities companies to cooperate with various intermediary companies and produce financial goods.

중국의 통화정책과 물가수준, 환율의 상호작용에 대한 연구

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ) 현대중국학회 2015 現代中國硏究 Vol.16 No.2

본 논문은 폴 크루그먼(P. Krugman)의 삼원(三元)의 딜레마(Triangle Dilemma)를 이용하여 중국 정부의 외환시장 개입에 따른 환율, 통화정책, 물가수준 등의 관계를 분석하였다. 외환의 유입은 위안화 환율 절상 압력으로 작용하며, 위안화 환율 절상을 완화하기 위해서는 외환당국이 외환시장에 개입하여 외환을 매입할 수밖에 없다. 그러나 불황인 상황에서 외환당국의 외환시장 개입을 통한 외환 매입은 경기회복에 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있다. 상대적인 저성장 상황에서 중국 외환당국의 외환시장 개입은 위안화 환율 안정과 물가상승을 통한 경기부양이라는 두 마리의 토끼를 잡는 효과를 거둘 수 있다. 따라서 중국 정부는 고성장으로 인한 인플레이션의 문제가 부각되기 전까지는 외환시장 개입을 통해 위안화 환율을 안정시키는 정책을 추진할 전망된다. 향후 상당기간 급격한 위안화 환율 절상을 기대하기 어려운 상황에서 우리나라 기업은 기술격차를 빠른 속도로 좁혀오는 중국의 기업과 경쟁을 해야 한다. 우리나라 기업은 가격경쟁력을 제고하기 위해 2014년 11월 실질 타결된 FTA를 적극 활용해야 할 것이다. 중국에 진출한 한국계 기업은 한국에서 원부자재나 반제품을 수입한 후 중국에서 완제품을 만드는 경우 생산비를 절감할 수 있다. 또한 우리나라에 소재한 기업은 중국에서 원부자재를 수입하여 미국이나 유럽에 수출함으로써 이중으로 관세혜택을 입을 수 있다. This paper focused on analyzing the relations of exchange rate, monetary policy, and price level that the Chinese government intervention into a foreign exchange market have brought about by using P. Krugman’s Triangle Dilemma theorem. The inflows of foreign exchange lead to the pressure of the exchange rate appreciation and the foreign exchange authorities cannot but intervene in foreign exchange market and buy foreign exchange to release the appreciation of the Chinese yuan exchange rate. But, it can be profitable to an economic recovery that the foreign exchange authorities intervene in foreign exchange market and buy foreign exchange in the depressed state. China has been in relatively low economic growth in recent years compared with that of the past. Therefore, the Chinese foreign exchange authorities’ intervention into foreign exchange market can enable two goals of Chinese yuan exchange rate stability and business recovery through rise in price. Accordingly, it is expected that the Chinese government will continue to intervene in foreign exchange market and stabilize the exchange rate of the Chinese yuan. It is difficult to expect the rapid exchange rate fluctuations of the Chinese yuan in the near future. Under the circumstance, Korean companies have to compete with Chinese companies that narrow a technological gap rapidly. Korean companies should make the best of Korea-China FTA to enhance the competition power. Korean capital companies that invest in China can reduce production cost in case they import subsidiary materials from Korea and make complete products in China. And the companies in Korea can get double customs benefit by importing materials from China and exporting to other countries like the U.S.A or EU.

중국의 위안화 국제화 정책과 일본 무역업자의 반응

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ),황원일 ( Won Il Hwang ) 현대중국학회 2010 現代中國硏究 Vol.12 No.1

본 논문은 실증분석을 통해 일본 무역업 관련자의 위안화 결제에 대한 인식정도를 파악함으로써 현 시점에서 위안화 국제화가 어느 정도 진행되었는지, 향후 어떻게 진전될 것인지에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 중국은 일각의 반대의견에도 불구하고 위안화 국제화를 본격적으로 추진하고 있다. 위안화 국제화는 주변화 → 지역화 → 국제화라는 단계적 추진방침에 의해 진행되고 있다. 지역화란 대체로 동아시아에서 위안화가 무역결제 수단으로 자리 잡는 것을 포함하고 있다. 위안화가 지역통화로서 자리매김을 하기 위해서는 국경을 접하고 있는 국가들과 아세안 이외에 한국, 일본 등 국가들과 폭넓은 위안화 무역결제가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 특히 일본은 IMF 쿼터에서도 중국을 능가하고 있어 일본과의 위안화 무역결제가 정착되기 전에는 위안화의 지역통화로서의 위상도 크게 흔들릴 수밖에 없다. 요컨대 무역업에 직간접적으로 종사하는 일본인의 위안화 국제화에 대한 선호도와 신뢰도는 그다지 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그럼에도 불구하고 과반수의 응답자가 10년 내에 위안화가 주요 결제수단으로 자리 잡을 것으로 인식하고 있다. 이는 향후 위안화의 선호도와 신뢰도가 향후 개선될 것이라는 생각을 하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to draw implications about the degree of internationalization of Yuan at this time and a prospect of it in the near future. In this study, we investigated the perception of Yuan as the key currency in the international trades through the survey of businessmen who were engaged in foreign trade in Japan. China began to pursue the internationalization of Yuan although there were negative opinions for it. The internationalization of Yuan has been processed by three stages: localization, regionalization, and internationalization. The regionalization of Yuan means that Yuan is used as the key currency in the East Asian trades. In order to use Yuan as the key currency in the regional trades, Yuan should be used as the key currency in trades with Korea and Japan first, in addition to the nations that share a common border with China. Especially, since Japan stands high above China in IMF quota, the status of Yuan as the key currency in the regional trades largely depends on the role of Yuan for the trade settlement with Japan. In sum, preference and trust of businessmen in Japan for the internationalization of Yuan are not so high, but more than half of respondents to the survey expect Yuan to be the key currency in trades in about 10 years. It means that preference and trust of Japanese businessmen for Yuan will be improved in the near future.

한국의 대중국 무역수지 악화 요인에 관한 연구

구기보 ( Ki-bo Ku ),홍기석 ( Ki-suk Hong ) 한중사회과학학회 2023 한중사회과학연구 Vol.21 No.3

한국의 대중국 무역수지 악화는 한국의 전체 무역수지 적자의 주요 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 논문은 최근 한중 교역에 어떤 특징적인 변화가 나타나고 있는지 분석함으로써 한국의 대중국 무역수지 악화의 원인은 무엇인지 살펴보고 대응방안을 도출하고자 한다. 한국의 대중국 무역수지 악화의 한시적인 요인은 상대적으로 단기간에 해결할 수 있는 문제이다. 한국의 대중국 무역수지 개선하는 것은 구조적인 문제에 어떻게 대응할 것인가에 달려있다고 할 수 있다. 첫째, 중국의 내수시장을 개척하기 위한 목적의 투자는 계속해서 확대할 필요가 있다고 할 수 있다. 이 과정에서 자연스럽게 한국산 중간재의 대중국 수출도 증가하게 될 것이다. 둘째, 반도체와 같이 중국 시장을 적합한 투자품목을 찾아내는 것이 중요하다. 중국은 노동집약적 제조업에서 경쟁력을 잃어가고 있으나 디스플레이, 이차전지, 전기차 등 첨단 분야의 제조업에서 경쟁력을 제고하였다. 셋째, 소재, 부품 등 분야에서 중국산으로 수입품을 상당부분 대체하고 있는 점을 감안하여 한국은 차별화된 소재와 부품을 개발할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 종전에 가성비 전략을 앞세워 중국 시장을 개척했던 기업들은 과감하게 프리미엄 전략과 차별화 전략으로 승부할 필요가 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 한중 간의 정치적 갈등으로 인해 한국 기업이 피해를 입는 경우 제품과 서비스 품질 제고를 위해 더 노력해야 할 것이다. The deterioration of Korea's trade balance with China is a major cause of Korea's overall trade deficit. This paper aims to examine the causes of the deterioration of Korea's trade balance with China and derive countermeasures by analyzing the recent characteristic changes in Korea-China trade. The temporary factor in deteriorating Korea's trade balance with China is a problem that can be resolved in a relatively short period of time. It can be said that the improvement of South Korea's trade balance with China depends on how it responds to structural problems. First, it is necessary to continue to expand investments aimed at developing China's domestic market. In this process, exports of Korean intermediate goods to China will naturally increase. Second, it is important to find suitable investment items for the Chinese market, such as semiconductors. China is losing its competitiveness in labor-intensive manufacturing, but has improved its competitiveness in high-tech manufacturing such as displays, secondary batteries, and electric vehicles. Third, Korea needs to develop differentiated materials and parts, taking into consideration the fact that it has replaced a considerable portion of imported goods with Chinese products in the fields of materials and parts. Fourth, companies that previously pioneered the Chinese market with cost-effectiveness strategies will need to boldly compete with premium strategies and differentiation strategies. Lastly, if Korean companies are harmed by the political conflict between Korea and China, they will have to make more efforts to improve the quality of their products and services.

사회과학 : 중국 부동산시장의 성장과 부동산금융의 수요실태

구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센타 중국연구소 2005 中國硏究 Vol.35 No.-