대학평가인증제 평가기준의 타당성 검토

곽진숙(Jin-Sook Kwak) 한국교육평가학회 2010 교육평가연구 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 공학교육인증제와 경영교육인증제를 중심으로 그 평가기준의 타당성을 검토한 연구다. 타당성은 다양한 측면에서 평가되지만, 특별히 교육프로그램 평가의 메타평가 기준 중 교육본위성 준거에 따른 타당성을 검토하였다. 교육주체의 교육지향성, 교육방법의 적절성, 교육환경의 충실성, 교육성과의 본질성이 그 하위준거다. 인증실무경험자인 각 5개 공과대학, 경영대학 소속교수 10인, 5인과의 인터뷰 자료를 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 두 인증제는 교육주체가 현재의 교육에 만족하지 않고 개선하도록 권장하지만 시스템 구축에 더 초점이 있어 만족도를 확인하거나 향상시키게 하는 면은 자극을 제공하는 정도다. 교육방법의 적절성은 교수-학생의 역동적 상호작용, 학습과정에 관한 충실한 모니터링의 면에서 긍정적이지만, 학생수준에 맞는 교육방법과 매체 활용, 개인별 속도, 스타일에 따른 학습경험 제공에 관해서는 부정적이다. 단계적, 순차적 학습경험의 배열은 공학 분야에서는 이수체계의 강조로 높은 관심을 보이나, 경영학에서는 주된 관심사가 아니다. 교육환경의 충실성은 확인하기는 하나 향후 현황보다 개선방향에 관한 관심으로 전환시켜야 한다. 교육성과의 본질성은 학생 자신의 교육성과를 평가하거나 교수의 교육전문성 신장을 확인하게 하지만, 교육활동에 관한 긍정적 태도 확인은 취약해 교육평가 분야에서 이 기준에 관련한 구체적인 평가방법 등을 제시해야 할 필요가 있다. In this paper, we studied the validity of the accreditation standards of two programs: the engineering education accreditation and the business education accreditation. Among the various meta-evaluation criteria to evaluate the validity of the accreditation standards for the education programs, we chose here the education-centered criteria. This includes the education-directivity, properness of the education method, perfection of the educational environment, and substantial product of the education, as its sub-criteria. The basic research materials consist of the interview data for 10 professors from the 5 colleges of engineering and 5 professors from the 5 colleges of business who have experience in the working group for the accreditation. It was observed that both of the programs promote the improvement of the educational activities. But more emphasis are laid on the construction of the educational system; comparatively, the enhancement of the satisfaction of the subjects of the education were taken care of on the level of providing certain stimulation. On the properness of the education method: they have positive aspects on the interaction of the professors and student, monitoring on the education procedure, while also they have negative aspects on the education method proper to the students' level, usage of medium, progress for each individual, providing the educational experience with appropriate style. On the arrangement of the phased educational experience: the engineering education accreditation program has much interest in the completion of the courses, while the business education accreditation program doesn't due to the characteristic of the scholarly area. On the perfection of the educational environment: they are checking the present situation, but it is required to advance into the improvement. On the substantial product of the education: They are running the self-evaluating programs for students and they are checking the education-expertise of the professors. But we found certain weak points on the checking the professors and students' positive attitude on the educational activities. For the later studies on the education accreditation, it is required to provide concrete accreditation methods for the standards on this aspect.

계피의 혈당 개선 기능성 평가: 메타분석

곽진숙(Kwak, Jin Sook),박민영(Park, Min young),권오란(Kwon, Oran) 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.5

‘계피’ 건조분말 및 물추출물의 혈당 개선 기능성을 평가하기 위하여 메타 분석을 실시하였다. 2017년 5월을 기준으로 DB 검색을 통해 4,688건의 자료를 수집하여, 선정/제외 기준에 따라 선별한 결과 총 14건 (n = 709)의 연구가 분석에 포함되었다. 건조분말의 경우 하루 1~6 g씩 섭취하였을 때, 공복혈당은 -1.55 mmol/L, 식후 혈당의 곡선하면적은 -51.8 mmol/L·min 수준으로, 물추출물은 하루 0.1~0.5g씩 섭취시 공복혈당이 -0.76 mmol/L 수준으로 개선시켰으며, 당화혈색소에는 영향이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum. cassia and C. aromaticum) on the glycemic response with a focus on the preparation of dehydrated powder and water extract. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Science Direct, and the Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS) through May 2017. In the meta-analysis for the preparation of powder, eight trials reporting fasting blood glucose (FBG), four trials reporting HbA1c, and three trials reporting the postprandial glycemic response were included. For the water extract, six trials reporting FBG and four trials reporting HbA1c were eligible for this study. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size. Results: Cassia cinnamon powder intake significantly lowered FBG by -1.55 mmol/L (95% CI, -2.45, - 0.64; p = 0.001) and the AUC of postprandial blood glucose level by -51.8 mmol/L·min (95% CI, -85.5, -18.1; p = 0.003). There was a significant difference in FBG between water extract of cinnamon and placebo of -0.76 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.09, -0.43; p = 0.000). However, blood HbA1c level was not significantly altered by any preparation of cinnamon. No statistical heterogeneity was observed for any analysis except in the case of FBG for cinnamon powder. Results of funnel plots and Egger"s regression suggest a low likelihood of publication bias in all biomarkers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to this meta-analysis, there was possible evidence to support a relationship between cassia cinnamon intake and fasting glucose in both preparation of powder and water extract. Furthermore, new evidence of the health benefits on postprandial glucose regulation of cinnamon powder was obtained.

학문분야별 평가인증제 도입과 운영에 관한 질적 사례 연구

곽진숙(Jin-Sook Kwak) 한국교육평가학회 2011 교육평가연구 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구는 공학과 경영학을 사례로 하여 학문분야별 평가인증제 도입과 운영을 분석하고 그 발전 과제를 논의한 연구다. 연구문제는 평가인증제의 도입 배경, 인증기준 결정 및 변경, 결과 및 효과, 발전 과제로 범주화하였다. 우선 도입 배경을 ‘교육에의 관심 촉구’, ‘professional school에 걸맞는 견고한 커리큘럼으로의 재편’, ‘self-regulation을 통한 교육의 질 관리와 구조조정’, ‘교육에 관한 systematic approach’로 나눠보았다. 인증기준 결정 및 변경과정은 공통적으로 ‘해외 인증기준의 벤치마킹과 한국형 인증기준의 수립’으로 요약되었다. 인증제의 결과 및 효과로는 ‘교육장면에서의 긴장감 요구’와 ‘지속적 수업 개선 유도’, ‘교수들 간의 의사소통 활성화 및 공동체 의식 증대’, ‘교육공동체로서의 협동 체제 구축’, ‘전문가로 단련시키고 훈련한다는 면에서 학생들에게도 의미 있음’을 들었다. 또한 특히 경영학에서는 교수 충원 유도를 통한 교육여건의 개선을 가져왔다. 향후 학문분야별 평가인증제의 발전 과제로는 먼저 대학 차원에서 ‘인증받은 대학교육 시스템이 살아있는 생명체와 같이 작동하고 움직여 나갈 수 있도록 활성화시키는 것’, ‘교육에 관한 관심과 평가 필요’, 다음으로 인증원 차원에서 ‘각각 평가자와 피평가자인 인증원 운영주체와 해당 학문분야 교육주체의 이분화 방지’, ‘인증기준 작성시 stage를 고려하고, 각 학문분야 교육주체의 의견수렴 절차를 적절하게 밟는 것’, 마지막으로 대학을 넘어선 사회적 차원에서 ‘산업계와 대학의 지속적 networking과 공생’으로 분류해 보았다. In this paper, we study the introduction and steering of Education Accreditation, concentrated on the cases of Engineering Education Accreditation and Business Education Accreditation, and discuss a few tasks for its improvement. The subjects of our research are categorized as the background of the introduction of Education Accreditation, Decision and transformation of the accreditation criteria, results and effects, and tasks for improvement. The background of the introduction are classified as ‘stimulating the interest in education’, ‘reorganization into a solid curriculum well-matched with professional school’, ‘management of the quality of education through self-regulation’, ‘systematic approach to education’. The procedure of decision and transformation of the accreditation criteria can be summarized commonly as the bench-marking of the foreign accreditation criteria. The results and effects are listed as ‘formation of the tension in the educational fields’, ‘requirement for continuous improvement of lectures’, ‘active communication of professors and community spirit’, ‘cooperation system as educational community’, ‘training of the students as specialists’. In particular, the Business Education Accreditation enabled the improvement of the educational condition by inducing supplement of professors. As for the tasks for further improvement, the following list is suggested. For the universities, ‘activation of the already accredited university education system’ and ‘interest and evaluation of education’, for the Association of Accreditation, ‘prevention of the dichotomy between the subject and the object of the accreditation’ and ‘consideration of the stages in framing the accreditation criteria by collecting opinions of education subjects of each discipline’, finally for the society level, ‘continuous networking and coexistence of the industrial society and the university’.

공학교육프로그램 인증기준 비교 연구

곽진숙(Jin-Sook Kwak),강소연(So-Yean Kang),최금진(Keum-Jin Choi) 한국교육평가학회 2009 교육평가연구 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 공학교육프로그램 평가에서 전제되고 있는 교육의 개념과 그 문제점을 살펴보고 초기 Washington Accord 가입국을 중심으로 공학교육프로그램 인증기준을 비교한 후, 그 결과를 바탕으로 인증기준을 재구조화한 연구다 여기서 전형적으로 나타나는 교육의 개념은 ‘교육=학교태’, 기능주의적 교육관을 들 수 있다 다음으로 공학교육프로그램의 평가기준을 분석하기 위해 평가영역을 교육의 결과, 교육의 환경, 교육의 과정으로 나누어서 살펴보았다. 평가기준을 교육의 내적인 구성요소와 교육의 환경이나 결과 등 교육의 외적인 관련 요소로 나누는 것은, 교육의 질을 높이고 개선해나가고자 하는 공학교육 인증제의 본래적 취지에 부합할 것이다 이는 공학교육인증제가 타당성과 신뢰성이 있는 교육평가로서 나아갈 수 있는 가능성을 높이고, 공학교육이나 교육평가 분야의 이론적인 안목을 확대하는 효과를 가질 것으로 기대된다 In this research, we examine the concept and its problems of the education which has been presupposed in the education evaluation program, compare the criteria of the engineering education accreditation maintained by the members of the Washington Accord. Based on this study, we also reconstructed the accreditation criteria. Typically they assume the equality: 'education=schooling', or they have a functionalism. Next we divided the range of the educational evaluation into the result, the surroundings and the procedure of education, in order to analyse the evaluation criteria of the engineering education program. We argue that this division into the internal and the external constituents better suits the original aim of the engineering education accreditation to enhance and improve the quality of education. Also it will work positively to make the engineering education accreditation evolve to the education accreditation. Finally, it is expected to enlarge the theoretical viewpoints on the area of the engineering education and the education evaluation research.

대학평가에서 활용되는 취업률 지표의 문제와 개선 방안

곽진숙(Jin-Sook Kwak) 한국교육평가학회 2013 교육평가연구 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 대학평가에서 활용되는 취업률 지표의 문제와 개선 방안을 탐색하였다. 최근 대표적인 대학평가의 사례인 대학 교육역량강화사업, 정부재정지원제한대학 및 학자금대출제한대학 선정, 산학협력 선도대학 육성사업, 대학기관평가인증 등에서 활용되는 취업률 지표의 현황과, 취업통계조사와 대학정보공시 및 대학 교육역량강화 사업의 취업률 산정 방식 변화를 살펴보았다. 다음으로 2009년부터 2012년까지의 대학정보공시 취업현황 자료를 토대로 한 취업률에 관한 종단적 분석, 2012년 교육역량강화사업 취업률 지표를 기초로 활용한 다양한 취업률간 상관 분석, 조사 시점에 따른 취업률 변동과 다년간 평균취업률 활용 가능성 검토, 계열별 취업률의 편차와 계열 분류 문제 등을 탐구해보았다. 마지막으로, 취업률 지표의 개선 방안은 원천자료의 생산과정에 관한 재검토, 생산과 활용의 독립성 보장, 취업률 지표에 관한 지속적 분석과 연구의 필요성 등으로 제안하고, 이와 관련한 향후 대학평가 분야의 연구과제를 제시하였다. In this study, we tried to present how to improve the indices for the employment rate which are used the university evaluation. First we review the various indices used in the model cases for the university evaluation: University education capacity building project, Restriction policies for the governmental university aid and student loans, LINC project(Leaders in INdustry-university Cooperation), University institutional accreditation. Also we review the past and current statistical survey on the employment rate of higher education and the information service of higher education. Next we present a comparative analysis on the employment rate based on the data from the information service of higher education during 2009-2012, the correlation analysis on the employment rates and the variation study on the employment rates among the departments based on the data from the University education capacity building project. Also we studied the variation of the employment rates with respect to the survey point of time, the applicability of the average employment rage throughout several years, the differences between employment rates among the departments, and the methodology of classification of the departments. Finally we gave a few proposals toward the improvement on the employment rate index: re-study on the procedure producing the basic data, separation of the procedures of production and application, and continual analysis and research on the employment index. Based on this, we suggested a few research projects on the university evaluation.

기능성식품으로서 마늘의 혈압 개선 기능성 평가: 마늘건조분말의 준건강인 대상 연구에 대한 메타분석

곽진숙(Jin Sook Kwak),김지연(Ji Yeon Kim) 한국영양학회 2021 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.54 No.5

마늘건조분말을 준건강인이 섭취하였을 때 혈압 개선 효과가 있는지를 평가하기 위하여 메타 분석 기법으로 평가를 수행하였다. 2020년 7월까지 총 3,203건의 자료를 검색하여, 미리 계획한 선정 기준 및 제외 기준에 따라 선별한 결과 총 9건의 연구가 분석에 포함되었다. 편향위험이 중등도 이상인 2건을 제외하고 총 7건의 연구를 포함하여 분석 결과, 마늘건조분말의 섭취는 수축기혈압 및 이완기혈압을 각각 −6.0 mmHg, −2.7 mmHg 수준으로 대조군 대비 유의하게 개선시키는 것으로 분석되었다. Purpose: Although numerous systematic reviews or meta-analysis have reported the hypotensive effects of garlic, the application of these results in the area of functional food is limited. This is because the trials used various garlic preparations and patients with differing hypertensive intensities. To validate the use of garlic powder as a blood pressure lowering functional food, we performed the current meta-analysis, focusing on the study of prehypertensive subjects. Methods: Literature search was carried out using various database up to July 2020, including PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and Korean studies Information Service System, and each study was screened by pre-stated inclusion/exclusion criteria. We identified nine trials that met the eligibility, of which two studies with moderate or high risk of bias were excluded. Results: Meta-analysis of the seven studies revealed that an intake of garlic powder significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by −6.0 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], −11.2, −0.8; p = 0.025) and −2.7 mmHg (95% CI, −5.3, −0.1; p = 0.046), respectively. Shapes of the funnel plot for both SBP and DBP seemed symmetrical, and the Egger"s regression revealed no publication bias. Moreover, duration of the intervention period was inversely associated with the pooled effects of garlic powder on SBP (p = 0.019) and DBP (p = 0.019), and this result was supported by the subgroup-analysis. The daily dose of garlic powder, baseline value of each biomarker, and subject number, did not moderate the effects on SBP and DBP. Conclusion: Results of the present meta-analysis indicate that garlic powder supplements are superior to placebo for improving the BP in prehypertensive individuals.

학생들이 인지한 학습성과 달성도와 학점과의 상관관계 연구

곽진숙(Jin-Sook Kwak),최금진(Keum-Jin Choi) 한국공학교육학회 2007 공학교육연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구에서는 공학계열 학생들이 인지한 학생 자신의 학습성과 달성도와 교수가 학생에게 부여한 학점간의 상관관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 서울 시내에 있는 두 개 대학의 공통된 4개 프로그램을 연구대상 으로 하여 2006년도 1학기 말에 실시한 프로그램 학습성과 달성도 평가 결과와 해당 학기 학점 자료를 비교, 분석함으로써 학생들의 자기평가와 교수의 학생평가간의 관계를 알아보았다. 또한 그 분석 결과를 토대로 하여 공학교육인증 제도의 운영, 특히 학습성과 달성도 평가 방법에 관한 개선책을 제안해 보았다. The purpose of this study was to analyse the correlation between students perceptions on the achievement of program outcomes and grades. The subjects of this study were 4 programs at two engineering universities in Seoul. As a result, there is no significant correlation between students self-assessment of the achievement of program outcomes and grades. Therefore, engineering colleges have to improve the way of assessing the students achievement of program outcomes

건강기능식품의 기능성을 중심으로 한 코엔자임Q10의 항산화 기능성에 대한 체계적 고찰

김지연,정세원,백주은,김주희,곽진숙,이윤정,강태석,권오란,Kim, Ji Yeon,Jeong, Sewon,Paek, Ju Eun,Kim, Joohee,Kwak, Jin Sook,Lee, Yoon Jung,Kang, Tae Seok,Kwon, Oran 한국영양학회 2013 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.46 No.3

Although the functional ingredient has been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, the levels of scientific evidence and consistency of the results might vary according to emerging data. Therefore, periodic re-evaluation may be needed for some functional ingredients. In this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 as a functional ingredient in health functional food. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2010 with the search term of coenzyme Q10 in combination with antioxidant. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 33 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between coenzyme Q10 and antioxidant activity. Among 33 studies, significant effects for antioxidant activities were reported in 22 studies and their daily intake amount was 60 to 300 mg. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between coenzyme Q10 intake and antioxidant activities. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.

건강기능식품의 기능성을 중심으로 한 오메가-3 지방산 함유유지의혈행개선 효과에 대한 체계적 고찰

정세원,김지연,백주은,김주희,곽진숙,권오란,Jeong, Sewon,Kim, Ji Yeon,Paek, Ju Eun,Kim, Joohee,Kwak, Jin Sook,Kwon, Oran 한국영양학회 2013 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.46 No.3

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids because humans cannot synthesize them de novo and must obtain them in their diet. Fish and fish oil are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Significant evidence of the beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids in blood flow has been reported and putative mechanisms for improvement of blood flow include anti-thrombotic effects, lowered blood pressure, improved endothelial function, and anti-atherogenic effects. Edible oils containing omega-3 fatty acids were registered as functional ingredients in the Korea Health Functional Food Code. Although omega-3 fatty acids have been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, periodic re-evaluation may be needed because emerging data related to omega-3 fatty acids have accumulated. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the effect of omega-3 fatty acids as a functional ingredient in health functional food on improvement of blood flow. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for collection of relevant human studies using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2012. Search keywords were used by combination of terms related to omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 112 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. Among 112 studies, significant effects on improvement of blood flow were reported in 84 studies and the daily intake amount was ranged from 0.1 to 15 g. According to this methodology of systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between omega-3 fatty acid intake and blood flow. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.

부모의 놀이참여태도가 유아의 또래유능성과 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

백승선(Baek, Seung-Seon),최진숙(Choi, Jin-Suk),곽경화(Kwak, Kyeong-Hwa) 한국유아교육·보육복지학회 2020 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 부모의 놀이참여태도와 유아의 또래유능성 및 자아존중감과의 상관관계를 알아보고, 부모의 놀이참여태도가 유아의 또래유능성 및 자아존중감에 미치는 영향력을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 전라북도 지역에 소재한 유치원과 어린이집에 다니는 만 3~5세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 부모의 놀이참여태도 전체 및 하위요인인 민감하게 놀기, 반응적으로 놀기, 즐겁게 놀기는 유아의 또래유능성과 자아존중감에 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 둘째, 부모의 놀이참여태도는 부모의 인식에 따라 유아의 또래유능성과 자아존중감에 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 단계적 회귀분석 결과 유아의 또래유능성과 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 변인은 부모의 놀이참여태도의 하위요인 중 민감하게 놀기와 반응적으로 놀기인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 부모의 놀이참여태도와 유아의 또래유능성, 자아존중감 간에는 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있고, 유아의 또래유능성과 자아존중감을 발달시키기 위해서는 부모의 놀이참여태도를 증진시키기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사한다. This study is to explore the relationships between parents attitude of play participation and children’s peer competence and their self-esteem. Also this study is to debunk how parent s attitude of play participation influence children’s peer competence and their self-esteem. For this study, data has been collected from 250 children who aged from 3 to 5 and 500 their parents who were registered to kindergartens and daycare centers in North Jeolla province. As a result, first, sensitive playing, responding playing, fun playing that are part of or whole of parent s attitude of play participation were related to children’s peer competence and their self-esteem. Second, Depending on the parents perceptions, the parents attitude of play participation created the meaningful difference on children’s peer competence and their self-esteem. Third, the gradual returning analysis shows that as cause elements, sensitive playing and responding play that are part of parent s attitude of play participation influenced children’s peer competence and their self-esteem. These results may contribute to developing parent education that would support to know how to participate in play and the importance of parent s attitude of play participation.