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c-Fos Expression in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Response to Salt Stimulation in Rats
곽용호,류미라,배선준,Young Hee Sa,Min Jee Kwon,이배환 대한약리학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.6
Salt signals in tongue are relayed to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). This signaling is very important to determine whether to swallow salt-related nutrition or not and suggests some implications in discrimination of salt concentration. Salt concentration-dependent electrical responses in the chorda tympani and the NST were well reported. But salt concentration-dependency and spatial distribution of c-Fos in the NST were not well established. In the present study, NaCl signaling in the NST was studied in urethane-anesthetized rats. The c-Fos immunoreactivity in the six different NST areas along the rostral-caudal axis and six subregions in each of bilateral NST were compared between applications of distilled water and different concentrations of NaCl to the tongue of experimental animals. From this study, salt stimulation with high concentration (1.0 M NaCl) induced significantly higher c-Fos expression in intermediate NST and dorsal-medial and dorsal-middle subregions of the NST compared to distilled water stimulation. The result represents the specific spatial distribution of salt taste perception in the NST.
곽용호 ( Yong Ho Kwak ),원란 ( Ran Won ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ),이배환 ( Bae Hwan Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2010 감성과학 Vol.13 No.3
통증은 매우 복합적이고 다양한 수준의 경험으로 주관적이거나 객관적일 수 있다. 침술은 통증을 치료하기 위한 아주 오래된 방법이며, 경락 이론을 바탕으로 한다. 침의 효과에 대한 임상적 결과들은 수없이 많이 있지만, 그 기능에 대한 과학적인 이해는 부족한 상태이다. 또한, 실생활에서의 통증 유발 원인과 침술을 통한 통증 억제 또는 치료는 그 차이가 매우 크게 느껴진다. 그러나 최근 연구들을 통해 통증과 침술의 관련성이 밝혀지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 급격히 발달하고 있는 뇌영상 기술들(functional magnetic resonance images, 및 positron emission tomography, electroencephalograph, magnetoencephalography)을 간략히 살펴보고, 이들을 이용한 통증 및 침술 연구들을 살펴보고자 한다. 통증과 침술에 관여하는 뇌 영역들을 확인하여, 이 둘의 유사성 및 차이를 비교하고, 뇌영상 기술을 통해 밝혀지는 뇌의 정보처리 과정을 통해 통증과 침술에 대한 이해를 넓히고자 한다. Pain is very complex and multi-level experience that should be objective or subjective. Acupuncture is a traditional method to heal the pain and have been based on meridian theory. There have been many clinical evidences showing the pain-relieving effect of acupuncture but science-based understanding of it was poor. Furthermore in daily life, we feel huge gap between the source of pain and pain control by acupuncture stimulation. However, the underlying connection between pain control and acupuncture stimulation has been reported in many recent reports. In this paper, we briefly introduce the brain imaging techniques (functional magnetic resonance images, positron emission tomography, electroencephalograph, and magnetoencephalography) and review researches in pain and acupuncture. Through this, the brain areas that activated by pain and acupuncture will be verified, and compared each other regarding their specificity and similarity. In addition, detailed understanding of brain function which is related to pain and acupuncture analgesia through brain imaging techniques will be discussed.
대표인 개념 도입에 따른 확률론적 선량평가 시 국내 원자력발전소 주변일반인 섭취선량 변화 분석
김지우,진용호,곽민우,김혁재,김광표 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2022 방사선산업학회지 Vol.16 No.4
The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended the representativeperson concept and the newly proposed probabilistic dose assessment methodology. As a probabilisticmethodology is newly proposed, it is necessary to analyze the tendency of change in dose when applyingthe methodology. Existing dose assessment experience showed that over 90% of the dose was dueto food ingestion during normal operation of nuclear power facilities, and therefore, the tendency ofchange in dose can be judged through the ingestion dose assessment. In this study, probabilistic doseassessment was performed on a trial basis for the ingestion exposure pathways. Then, the values werecompared with the deterministic dose assessment results to analyze the change trends of dose. Factorssuch as source term, exposure pathway, atmospheric dispersion factor, and intake were considered inthe dose assessment. A single APR-1400 unit was assumed as the source term. The exposure pathwayswere selected based on the model specified in the domestic regulatory guidelines. The atmosphericdispersion factor was assessed using the XOQDOQ code for the actual agricultural production area. For intake, domestic data was analyzed based on raw data from the National Health and NutritionExamination Survey. Probabilistic dose assessment was performed by applying the Monte Carlomethodology to the analyzed intake distribution. As a result of the probabilistic dose assessment, theingestion dose was 5.56×10-3 mSv y-1, which was 2.3% smaller than the deterministic dose assessmentresult. These differences appeared mainly for the younger age groups and the exposure pathways relatedto liquid effluents and were judged to be due to the small number of samples and wide variation in intakedistribution. It is judged that it is necessary to systematize the distribution data of variables such as intakefor more accurate probabilistic dose assessment in the future. The results of this study can be used asbasic data when introducing the representative person concept in Korea in the future.