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거세와 bST 주사가 비육말기 한우의 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향
곽병오 ( B O Kwak ),하종규 ( J K Ha ),장병선 ( B S Chang ) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.3
This study was conducted to determine the effect of castration and bovine somatotropin(bST) administration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Korean Native Cattle. Bovine somatotropin decreased dry matter intake(DMI) of bulls by 10%(P$lt;.01), but DMI of steers was not affected by bST administration. Bovine somatotropin increased average daily gain(ADG) by 12%(P$lt;.05) and decreased feecl:gain ratio of bulls and steers by 18 and 13% respectively(P$lt;.01 and P$lt;.05. respectively). Steers had decreased DMI and ADG by 9 and 17% respectively(P$lt;.01), but had increased feed:gain ratio by 9%. compared with bulls(P$lt;.05). There was an interaction between castration and bST in DMI(P$lt;.01). The response to bST on growth performance was greater for bulls in the earlier part than in the later part of experiment with an opposite response being observed in steers. Bovine somatotropin increased dressing percentage with a greater response in steers(P$lt;.05), but it did not affect other carcass characteristics or carcass grade. Marbling scores and texture of meat o1 stem were higher than those of bulls(P$lt;.01). Backfat thicknesses near the rib area I and 2 of steers were higher than those of bulls (P$lt;.OS and P$lt;.01 respectively). Meat of steers tended to be graded better quality grade than bulls, and all steers were graded quality grade I regardless of bST administration
지방 첨가와 bST 주사가 비육말기 한우의 생산성 , 혈청 대사물질 및 호르몬에 미치는 영향
곽병오 ( B O Kwak ),하종규 ( J K Ha ),장병선 ( B S Chang ) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fat on the efficacy of bovine somatotropin(bST) administration in finishing Korean Native Cattle(KNC). Administration of bST to animals a fed control and a fat supplemented diet decreased dry matter intake(DMI) by 7 and 4% respectively(P$lt;.01), increased average daily gain(ADG) by 12%(P$lt;.05), and decreased feed: gain ratio by 17 and 14% respectively(P$lt;.01). But there was no significant interaction between dietary fat and bST effect on the growth performance. Administration of bST to KNC tended to increase the concentration of serum glucose, but dietary fat did not. On days 4 and 7 after treatment, the concentration of serum glucose of the control diet group tended to increase (P$lt;.10). The concentration of serum non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA) tended to increase with administration of bST, and dietary fat also tended to increase it. With administration of bST, the concentration of semm NEFA increased in fat diet group on days 7 and 21 after treatment(P$lt;.01), and it also tended to increase in the wntrol diet group(P$lt;.10). Serum concentration of total protein and urea tended to decrease with administration of bST, but dietary fat did not effect these concentrations. On day 7 after treatment, the concentration of serum urea of the fat diet group decreased with bST administration(P$lt;.01). Also bST and dietary fat did not affect serum concentrations of cholesterol, albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphoms and magnesium. Bovine somatotropin dramatically increased the concentration of serum bST during the first 2 weeks of treatment, but dietary fat did not. The concentration of serum bST increased in both the control and the fat diet on days 1, 4 and 7 after treatment by bST administration(P$lt;.05). The concentraion of serum insulin-like growth factor- I (IGF-I) tended to peak on days 4 to 7 after treatment, and progressively decreased until day 14 after treatment. On days 1, 4, 7 and 10 after treatment, the concentration of serum IGF-I in both the control and the fat diet groups increased due to bST administration(P$lt;.01). On day 21 after treatment, the concentration of serum IGF-I also increased in the control group by bST administration(P$lt;.01), and tended to increase in the fat diet group(P$lt;.10), but dietary fat did not affect the concentration of serum IGF-I.
초음파분무 MOCVD법에 의한 $Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}$ 박막의 제조와 La과 V의 Co-Substitution 에 의한 효과
김기현,곽병오,이승엽,이진홍,박병옥 한국결정성장학회 2003 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.13 No.6
초음파 분무에 의한 유기금속 화학증착법 (MOCVD)법으로 $Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}$(BIT)와 Bi와 Ti 대신에 La과 V을 동시에 치환시킨 ($Bi_{3.75}La_{0.75})(Ti_{2.97}V_{0.03})O_{12}$ (BLTV)박막을 ITO/glass 기판 위에 증착하였다. 산소 분위기에서 30분 동안 증착한 후, RTA 방식의 직접삽입법으로 열처리를 하였다. 박막은 페로브스카이트상 생성 온도, 미세구조, 전기적 성질에 관해서 조사하였다. XRD(X-Ray diffraction) 측정결과 BLTV 박막의 페로브스카이트상 생성 온도는 약 $600^{\circ}C$로써 BIT의 $650^{\circ}C$보다 더 낮았다. BLTV 박막의 누설전류는 인가전압 1 V에서 $1.52\times10^{-19}$ A/cm^2$로 측정되었다 또한, $650^{\circ}C$에서 증착했을 경우 잔류 분극값이 $5.6\mu$C/$cm^2$, 항전계값 96.5 kV/cm으로 명확한 강유전성을 보이고 있다. $Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}$ (BIT) and $(Bi_{3.25}La_{0.75})(Ti_{2.97}V_{0.03})O_{12}$ (BLTV) thin films were deposited on ITO/glass substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using ultrasonic spraying. After deposition of the films in oxygen atmosphere for 30 min, the films were heated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) method, especially direct insertion, at various temperatures. The films were investigated on phase formation temperature, microstructure and electrical properties. From x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the perovskite phase formation temperature of BLTV thin film was about $600^{\circ}C$ which was lower than that of BIT, $650^{\circ}C$. The leakage current of the BLTV thin film was measured to be $1.52\times 10^{-9}$A/$cm^2$ at an applied voltage of 1 V. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) values of the BLTV film deposited at $650^{\circ}C$ were $5.6\muC/cm^2$ and 96.5 kV/cm, respectively.
하종규,이성실,곽병오,문태현,강수현 한국낙농학회 1994 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.16 No.1
옥수수의 가공처리방법이 반추위내에서 영양소 이용성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자, 가공방법 3요소인 (① unprocessing, ② flaking 및 ③ soaking)과 분쇄정도 3요인(① whole, ② coarse 및 ③ fine)을 3 ×3 요인 실험 법으로 Holstein 젖소의 반추위내에서 건물 및 조단백질의 소실률을 측정하고 분해상수값을 산출하였는바, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 반추위 발효 24시간 후의 건물 소실률은 분쇄와 가공을 하지 않은 옥수수가 21.65%로 가장 낮았고, 곱게 분쇄하여 수침한 옥수수가 87.87%로 가장 높았으며 (P<0.01), 조단백질 소실율은 분쇄하지 않고 수침한 옥수수가 15.17%로 가장 낮았고, 곱게 분쇄하여 수침한 옥수수가 88.58%로 가장 높았다(P<0.01) 2. 건물의 분해상수 "a" 값은 가공처리방법에 따라서는 박편, 수침 및 무처리의 순으로 높아 각각 30.50, 25.09 및 18.81%였고, 분쇄정도에 따라서는 고운분쇄, 거친분쇄 및 알곡의 순으로 각각 39.39, 21.36 및 16.44%였다. 3. 물리·화학적 처리는 단백질 "a"값을 중가시켰고, 분쇄의 경우는 건물의 "a"값을 상대적으로 증가시켰다. 4. 반추위 통과율이 5%·h^(-1)일때의 건물과 조단백질의 유효분해도(effective rumen degradability; ERD, %)는 각각 18.11∼76.55%와 11.80∼77.03%의 수준으로 수침처리하여 곱게 분쇄하였을 경우 가장 높았고, 처리하지 않았을 경우가 가장 낮았다. 5. 건물과 조단백질의 유효분해도는 처리하지 않은 옥수수에 비하여 박편 및 수침 처리에 의해 각각 16%와 3% 및 25%와 11% 증가하였고, 알곡의 경우도 고운 분쇄와 거친분쇄에 의해 각각 78%와 116% 및 102%와 151%로 현저한 증가를 보였다. 6. 건물 및 조단백질의 시간당 분해율은 각각 2.5∼11.4%·(-1) 및 5.4∼10.4%·(-1)의 범위로서 물리·화학적 처리나 분쇄에 의해 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 7. 건물이용율은 박편처리에 의해, 조단백질의 이용율은 수침처리에 의해 현저하게 증가하였고, 입자도가 감소할수록 건물 및 조단백질의 소실률은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 특히, 가공하지 않은 옥수수의 반추위내 건물 및 조단백질의 소실률은 20% 미만으로서 영양소 이용성을 극대화 시키기 위하여 적절한 가공처리가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn processing on the nutrient availability in the rumen of Holstein dairy cows. Nine processed corns, consisting of three processed corn(unprocessed, flaking and soaking), which were ground in three different degree(whole, coarse and fine), were alloted into 3×3 factorial design to determine the effect of processing and grinding methods on the ruminal disappearances and degradation parameters of dry matter and crude protein. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The rate of ruminal DM disappearances after 24 hour ruminal incubation were the highest with the fine-soaked corn(87.87%), but were the lowest with the unprocessed-whole corn(21.65%), while CP disappearances were the highest with the fine-soaked corn(88.58%), but were the lowest with the soaked×whole corn(15.71%). 2. The value of readily soluble fraction(constant "a") of DM was in order of flaking, soaking and unprocessing with the values of 30.50, 25.09 and 18.81%, respectively, by the processing methods, and were in order of fine, coarse and whole with the value of 33.39, 21.36 and 16.44%, respectively, by the grinding methods. 3. The value of constant "a" of DM was greately increased by physiochemical processing, while that of CP was increased by physical grinding treatment. 4. The effective rumen DM and CP degradabilities(ERD, %) of corns, based on the ruminal passage rate of 0.05/h, were ranged 18.11 to 76.55% and 11.80 to 77.03%, respectively, showing the highest value for the soaked-fine corn(19.69%) and the lowest value for the unprocessed-whole corn. 5. DM-and CP-ERD(%) of unprocessed corn were improved by 16 and 3%, and 25 and 11%, by soaking and flaking, respectively, and those of whole corn were markedly improved by 78 and 116%, and 102 and 151%, by coarse and fine grinding treatment, respectively. 6. The rates of degradation(%. h-1) of DM and CP were in the range of 2.5∼11.4% and 5.4∼10.4%, respectively, and these values were greatly increased by the processing and grinding treatments. 7. The availability of DM was markedly enhanced by the processing of flaking, while that of CP was markedly enhanced by the soaking, and the DM and CP availabilities of corn were increased as the particle size was decreased. Particulary the untreated corn showed very low DM and CP availability(less than 20%), indicating that proper processing method is requsite to maximize nutrient availability of corn grain.