GeoXAI를 활용한 도시 투수/불투수면과 도시수목 생육 관계 분석

공석준,이준우,김근한 대한원격탐사학회 2023 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.39 No.6

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether pervious and impervious areas in urban areasaffect tree growth. In order to determine the differences in the growth of six species of trees plantedsimultaneously, the effects of pervious and impervious surfaces on tree growth were analyzed using theNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) produced using Sentinel-2 and sub-divided land covermap from the Ministry of Environment. For this purpose, the Geospatial eXplainable ArtificialIntelligence(GeoXAI) concept was applied. As a result of the analysis, the explanatory power of themodel was found to be the best when considering the area of land cover included in the 10m range forPinus densiflora, the 20 m range for Zelkova Serrata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Ginkgo biloba,the 30 m range for Platanus occidentalis, and the 40 m range for Yoshino cherry trees. In addition, thewider the pervious area, the more active the growth of trees, showing a positive correlation, and the widerthe impervious area, such as nearby artificial ground, showed a negative correlation with tree growth. This shows that surrounding pervious and impervious areas affect the growth of trees and that the scopeof influence varies depending on the tree species.

능동적 및 중력 기반의 수정체유화 역동학을 이용한 양안 백내장 동시수술 후 임상결과 비교

공석준,장철원,임태형,최기용,조범진 대한안과학회 2017 대한안과학회지 Vol.58 No.1

목적: 양안 백내장 동시수술 환자에서 능동적 초음파 역동학을 이용한 CenturionⓇ과 중력 기반의 초음파 역동학을 이용한 InfinitiⓇ를 사용하여 수정체유화술을 시행한 후의 임상결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2015년 1월부터 2015년 9월까지 양안 백내장 동시수술 환자 34명 68안을 대상으로 한쪽 눈은 CenturionⓇ을, 다른 쪽눈은 InfinitiⓇ를 이용하여 수정체유화술을 시행하였다. 누적소비에너지, 수술 중 초음파 시간, 평형염액 사용량 및 통증 정도를 조사하였다. 술 전과 술 후 1달째의 최대교정시력, 중심각막두께, 각막내피세포밀도를 비교하였다. 결과: CenturionⓇ군과 InfinitiⓇ군에서 누적소비에너지는 각각 5.05 ± 2.18, 7.05 ± 3.82, 수술 중 초음파 시간은 각각 24.65 ± 9.68초, 34.95 ± 17.95초, 평형염액 사용량은 각각 37.06 ± 10.25 mL, 44.88 ± 16.38 mL였으며, 모두 CenturionⓇ군에서 InfinitiⓇ군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p=0.011, p=0.005, p=0.021, respectively). 수술 중 통증 정도는 CenturionⓇ군에서 0.26 ± 0.51, InfinitiⓇ군에 서 0.50 ± 0.71로 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.121). 술 후 1달째 두 군 간에 최대교정시력, 평균 중심각막두께증가율, 평균 각막내피세포감소율은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: CenturionⓇ군이 InfinitiⓇ군보다 수정체유화술의 효율이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 두 군 사이에 수술 중 통증 정도 및 술 후 1달째의 임상결과에서는 차이가 없었다. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes during phacoemulsification when using active fluidics (Centurion??) and gravity-based fluidics (Infiniti??) in immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery. Methods: From January 2015 to September 2015, 68 eyes of 34 patients with bilateral cataract were assigned to receive immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery by Centurion?? in one eye and Infiniti?? in the other eye. We measured and compared intraoperative factors, including cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), ultrasound time, mean amount of balanced salt solution(BSS) used, and pain using a scale. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell density (ECD) were also evaluated preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Results: Intraoperative measurements showed significantly less CDE (5.05 ± 2.18 vs. 7.05 ± 3.82), ultrasound time (24.65 ± 9.68 s. 34.95 ± 17.95 seconds), and mean amount of BSS used (37.06 ± 10.25 vs. 44.88 ± 16.38 mL) in the Centurion?? group than in the Infiniti?? group (p = 0.011, p = 0.005, p = 0.021, respectively). The intraoperative pain scale was 0.26 ± 0.51 in the Centurion?? group and 0.50 ± 0.71 in the Infiniti?? group, and was not significantly different (p = 0.121). BCVA, increase of CCT and decrease of ECD were not significantly different between the two groups at 1 month postoperatively. Conclusions: The efficacy of phacoemulsification in the Centurion?? group was superior to that in the Infiniti?? group. The level of intraoperative pain and clinical outcomes 1 month after surgery were not significantly different between the two groups.

無調音樂의 事象 및 背景 論理 考察 : 쇤베르크, 「달에 홀린 삐에로」를 中心으로

公錫俊 연세대학교 교육대학원 1982 연세교육과학 Vol.21 No.-

There exists a considerable literature on studying Schoenherg and his style, some of them contains more detailed. Since Pierrot has been paid to the considerable attention the present study is devoted primarily to the techniques of composition ; such are melodic or motivic construction, harmonic innovation, contrapuntal devices within the colorful texture, and varieties of all aspects in twentieth century atonal idiom, The ultimate goal of the approach is to impel the basic idea and historical development of modernism to young composers who are apt to wander about their works. The technical wanderities make them being frustrated and conflicted in construction of an axis of their work. It is no exaggeration to say that student composers tend to not think of historical development of modern music, they are prefer to use notes at random. Concerning this it is the best way to reach understanding a historical work through analytical layers of basic phenomena of modern idiom. Pierrot, one of the group of cyclic songs, melodramas consists of three parts from Albert Giraud's poem, musical set by German text translated by Otto E. Hartleben. Concerning the vocal voice called 'Sprechstimme', the most striking feature and peculier device of the work, is particularly specialized in real performance in which the vocalist must not sing or sustain a real pitch of the notes, not simply speak either. The innovation that gives performer entirely unexperienced speaking song of the style is defficult in its presentation of the idea by which Schoenberg indicated in the preface to the score. More of the designations it must be pointed out that the instrumentation of the work gives vocalist no help the acting of pitching. Schoenberg's harmonic idea gives us so complicated formations that it can soly be described the negative formula such an emancipated dissonance and chromaticism. In regarding harmony there is nothing for it to interpret chord organizations liable to their preserving descriptions, but to shift in meaning, for example, triad or seventh chord. Harmony now can neither functioned nor progressed in its own war as in tonality. Schoenberg, however, was careful to draw his chordal placements in context. Questionable melody also evokes a new conception to that of familiar one, finally it makes use of entirely offending the moral sense ; concise or fragmental snatches of notes series. Contrapuntal devices in the service of the texture exhibit the mast complicate phenomenon of the picture; free transpositions of the theme or thematic materials in canon or canon cancrizans are used. As in the case of harmony the contrapuntal treatment is no more exact intervallic controls of Dux and Comes in fugal writing, possible locations of them in any pitches or parts were made up, and futher use of aspects, dismembers of the subject or short members of the theme turned into possibility. Variety of forms and textures as a whole show a radical procedures and a striking departure within his philosophical gesture. The structure of the work is so short, but its elaborating greatness exists in its form. Especially motivism and its contrapuntal treatment were favorite devices of Schoenberg in style. Reaching an idea of the work Pierrot Lunaire by thinking what is important is that it is necessary to e famine every cases as mentioned above. To the young composers What will he gives them in locating basic conception of their work as a text or a stepping stone of twentieth century idioms as well as techniques of compositions.

당뇨황반부종에서의 유리체강내 라니비주맙 주입술의 단기효과

공석준,양지욱,지동현,Seok Joon Kong,Ji Wook Yang,Dong Hyun Jee 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.11

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term effect of an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Methods: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients who underwent intravitreal ranibizumab injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema between March 1 and November 30, 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. Complete ophthalmic examinations including best corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline and follow-up visits at one and three months. Results: The mean visual acuity improved from logMAR 0.74 ± 0.45 at baseline to logMAR 0.44 ± 0.26 at one month and to logMAR 0.42 ± 0.23 at three months (p < 0.05). The mean central macular thickness decreased from 429.5 ± 71.9 μm at baseline to 299.9 ± 81.2 μm at one month and to 284.6 ± 82.6 μm at three months (p < 0.05). No adverse side effects were observed following the injections. Conclusions: The observed macular edema and visual acuity improvements demonstrated that intravitreal ranibizumab injection may be useful for the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(11):1453-1458

신종플루와 결핵

공석준,Gong, Seok-Jun 대한결핵협회 2009 보건세계 Vol.56 No.6

폐격리증 2례 보고

공석준 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1989 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.22 No.3

Pulmonary sequestration is applied to the congenital malformation characterized by an area of embryonic lung tissue that derives its blood supply from an anomalous systemic artery. Two cases of pulmonary sequestration were treated at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, college of medicine, Hallym University. One case was extralobar type, associated with the pneumothorax due to rupture of bulla. The other was intralobar type with symptom of massive and recurrent hemoptysis. The supplying arteries of both cases arose from the thoracic aorta. The venous return of the extralobar type was systemic into the hemiazygos vein, and that of the intralobar type was normal into the inferior pulmonary vein. Treatment for the former was resection of the sequestrated lung, and that for the latter was lobectomy of the left lower lobe. With the brief review of literature, we report the cases.

결핵성 늑막주위 농양

공석준 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1990 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.23 No.6

Fifty -six cases of tuberculous peripleural abscess were experienced in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, college of medicine, Hallym university from January 1980 to June 1990. Tuberculous peripleural abscess seems to originate from the space between the parietal pleura and endothoracic fascia. But rib caries, originated by hematogenous spread of mycobacteria to the rib, shows the rib destruction first, thereafter periosteal erosion and regional tissue involvement follows. In our 56 cases, results were as follows: 1. Their age ranged from 6 to 82 years, and female dominant [M: F=21: 35]. 2. The locations of abscess were 31 right, 23 left, and 2 sternal portions. 3. On X \ulcornerray findings, 37 cases showed active or old lesion of the tuberculosis in the lung field, 7 cases periosteal destruction of the ribs, and 29 cases pleural thickening. 4. Operative findings showed cold abscess with multiple fistulous tracts leading to intercostal space in most of the cases, and their origin were presumed to be from the space between the endothoracic fascia and parietal pleura. 5. The pus showed negative AFB stain in most of the cases except 3 cases. 6. Partial costectomy and radical curettage with drainage were performed in all cases. 7. 7 cases recurred after the first operations, but no recurrence after second operations.

RCP4.5와 8.5 시나리오를 이용한 온량지수 변화에 따른 서울시 적응 가능한 식물종 연구

공석준,김정섭,양금철,김경진 한국습지학회 2015 한국습지학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 RCP 4.5와 RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오를 이용하여 서울시 온량지수 변화를 추정하였으며, 이에 따른 적응 가능한 식물종을 제안하였다. 기후변화 시나리오에 따라 서울시의 온량지수 변화의 차이는 있었으나 냉온대 남부림에 서 난온대림으로 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 2010년부터 2099년까지 서울시 온량지수 분포변화를 예측한 결과에 따른 적응 가능한 식물종은 교목층에 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 소나무, 상수리나무, 때죽나무, 곰솔 등 6종이었으며, 관목층에는 쥐똥나무, 조록싸리, 개옻나무, 작살나무, 산딸기, 찔레꽃, 초피나무 등 7종이었고, 초본층은 주름조개풀, 고사리, 닭의 장풀 등 3종, 덩굴성식물에는 청미래덩굴, 댕댕이덩굴, 담쟁이덩굴, 인동, 계요등, 노박덩굴, 사위질빵, 멍석딸기, 마, 으 름, 마삭줄 등, 등 11종을 포함하여 총 27종이 공통적으로 기후변화 시나리오에 따라 온량지수의 변화에도 적응 가능 할 것으로 예상된다. This study suggested the adaptable plant species according to the change of warmth index (WI) through the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 & 8.5 climate change scenarios from 2010 to 2099 in Seoul areas. From the scenario analysis results, we expected to change from the cool temperate souther forest zone to the warm temperate forest zone. We found the following adaptable 27 plant species: 6 species in the tree layer, Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Q. acutissima, Styrax japonica and P. thunbergii etc.; 7 species in the shrub layer, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhus trichocarpa, Callicarpa japonica, Rubus crataegifolius, Rosa multiflora, and Zanthoxylum piperitum etc.; 3 species in the herb layer, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, and Commelina communis ect;, 11 species in the vine plants Smilax china, Cocculus trilobus, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Lonicera japonica, Paederia scandens, Celastrus orbiculatus, Clematis apiifolia, Rubus parvifolius, Dioscorea batatas, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Zelkova serrata etc.;

SYMPHONIC FOLK "ARI"

공석준 연세대학교 대학원 1985 延世論叢 Vol.21 No.6

도로인접에 설치된 LID시설에 우수유입에 따른 도로 공용성 영향 분석

공석준,정종석,김인태,연규민 한국도로학회 2016 한국도로학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.06

산업화에 따른 급격한 도시화는 자연・생태계의 훼손뿐만 아니라 지표면의 불투수층을 증가시켜 강우 시 우수의 토양침투를 방해하고 하천으로 빠르게 유출시켜 적은 강우에도 하천의 범람의 침수피해가 발생 하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 도시 개발 이전의 물 순환 환경의 개선을 통하여 수자원 확보 및 미기후 향상 등의 환경 문제를 개선할 수 있는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development: LID) 기법이 주목받고 있다. 그러나 도로인접에 설치된 LID 시설은 강우 시 우수유입으로 인한 도로하부층에 수분의 침투로 도로구조 안정성에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 도로인접에 설치된 LID시설(침투도랑)에 유입되는 강우에 의한 도로하부구조(보조기 층 및 노상)에 침투되는 우수가 도로 공용성에 미치는 영향을 역학적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 연구는 모 사도로와 실제도로의 침투도랑 주변에 함수비 센서를 매설하고 실험지역의 강우량과 함수비 데이터를 수 집하여 함수비 센서의 위치와 노상 깊이에 따라 함수비 변화와 반응시간을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 침투도 랑으로 인한 우수의 침투가 노상 함수비변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으나 모사실험과 현장실험에 서 관측된 함수비 변화율 1~2%의 미비한 수준으로 도로 공용성에 미치는 영향이 크지 않았다. 계측된 함 수비 변화율에 따른 공용년수의 감소는 2년 이하로 분석되었으며, 향후 침투도랑 설치 시 공용년수 감소 를 고려한 도로 설계가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 배수환경의 악화와 집중호우와 같은 극한 강우사상 에 따라 침투도랑이 도로 공용성에 미치는 영향이 커질 가능성이 있어 향후 극한강우사상(100㎜ 이상)에 따른 도로 공용성 영향 분석이 필요하다.