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공동수,손세환,김진영,김아름,권용주,김정우,김예지,민정기,김필재,Kong, Dongsoo,Son, Se-Hwan,Kim, Jin-Young,Kim, Ah Reum,Kwon, Yongju,Kim, Jungwoo,Kim, Ye Ji,Min, Jeong Ki,Kim, Piljae 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.5
Physical environmental factors (water depth, current velocity and substrate) and fish community were surveyed in the Gapyeong stream, Korea. The fish group of Gapyeong Stream was divided into three types. Lithophilic fish, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata and Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa preferred shallow depth, low-velocity current, and coarse bed condition, whereas Coreoleuciscus splendidus and Microphysogobio longidorsalis were adapted to high-velocity current and bed materials. Nektonic fish, Zacco koreanus and Zacco platypus appeared in a wide range of physical conditions. Intermediate fish, Hemibarbus longirostris, Pungtungia herzi and Coreoperca herzi adapted to moderate water depths and current velocities. Among them, H. longirostris and C. herzi were adapt to various bed materials. C. splendidus, M. longidorsalis and P. herzi showed high niche overlap for current velocity, water depth and substrate with Z. koreanus and Z. platypus. The occurrence of M. longidorsalis in a relatively low-velocity current compared to Z. koreanus and Z. platypus suggests that the current velocity act as a isolation factor for these species. The competition, isolation and character displacement among these species investigated detail in the future. Based on canonical correspondence analysis, the relative importance of each environmental factor was determined as substrate > water depth > current velocity.
가평천 저서성 대형무척추동물의 물리적 서식처 적합성 평가
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),김아름 ( Ah Reum Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.3
A habitat suitability index (HSI) was developed using three physical habitat factors (current velocity, water depth and substrate) based on ecological monitoring of 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa in a Korean stream (Gapyeong). The Weibull model was used as a probability density function to analyze the distribution of individual abundance in relationto physical factors. Numbers of species and total individual abundance increased with increasing current velocity and mean diameter of substrate, and decreased with increasing water depth. Most taxa showed a clear preference for a fast current velocity, shallow water depth and coarse substrate, except Ephemem,Potamanthidae (mayfly), and Plectrocnemia (caddisfly), which were rheophobic, potamophilic and lithophobious. Based on the canonical correspondence analysis, the relative importance of each factor was determined as follows: current velocity > substrate > water depth.
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),민정기 ( Jeong-ki Min ),변명섭 ( Myeongseop Byeon ),박혜경 ( Hae Kyung Park ),천세억 ( Se-uk Cheon ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.5
This study is to investigate the allochthonous load and water quality of a typical river-reservoir, Paldang during spring (March ~ May) of 17 years (2001 ~ 2017). Phosphorus loading from point sources seems to have been reduced by 74 % in the 2010s. As a result, trophic state of the Paldang reservoir, eutrophic during the 2000s, has returned to the lmesotrophic state. Along with decrease in phosphorus concentration, standing crops of algae (Chl.a) decreased, and concentration of biodegradable organic material decreased to the past level. Concentration of total suspended solids has decreased, and it is due to the decrease of phytoplankton standing crops since the mid-2000s. As transparency increased, it is estimated that euphotic area increased by 22 % and euphotic capacity expanded by 27 %. In the river/transition zone of Paldang, concentration of organic matter increases slightly due to algal growth, but concentration of all water quality items decreases in the lacustrine zone. Although algal growth rate revealed positive correlation with concentration of phosphorus, it was insignificant. Algal growth appeared to be dependent on renewal of phosphorus by flow, than either flow rate or phosphorus concentration. The empirical model including inflow phytoplankton concentration fit well with observed values, and indicates the Paldang reservoir is greatly influenced by allochthonous loads.
기후변화의 생물학적 평가를 위한 한국온수생물지수(KTI)의 개발 및 적용
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),김진영 ( Jin Young Kim ),손세환 ( Se Hwan Son ),오민우 ( Min Woo Oh ),최아름 ( Ah Reum Choi ),변명섭 ( Myeong Seop Byeon ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.1
The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean thermality index based on the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates according to altitude and latitude. Analyzing seasonal data (4,583 sampling units) surveyed and collected during 2007~2011 at 846 sites in South Korea we estimated thermal valency thermal value and indicator weight value of 208 species. Among them 40 species in 6 orders (Decapoda 1 species Collembola I species Ephemeroptera 5 species Plecoptera 17 species Diptera 3 species Trichoptera 13 species) were selected as the candidate indicator species sensitive and vulnerable to warmth along with climate change. KTI and Benthic macroinvertebrate index were tested at three clean streams (Hangye stream Buk stream and Bangtae stream). KTI showed significant differences according to altitude and water temperature whereas the saprobity index BMI showed little differences. This result means that KTI can be applicable to assess the impact of water temperature independently of organic of pollutants.
수학적 모형을 이용한 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집지수-조사면적 관계 해석
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),김아름 ( Ah Reum Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.6
This study was conducted to find out the influence of sample size (accumulated survey areas) on the seven biological indices of benthic macroinvertebrates. BMI, the index similar to Zeilika-Marvan’s saprobic index, tended to be independent on the variations of sample size. The other indices (Shannon-Weaver’s diversity, Margalef’s richness, Menhinick’s richness, Pielou’s evenness, and Lenat’s EPT index) showed the considerable variations along with the increase of sample size and environmental conditions. To get the appropriate index values, it should be sampled at least 6 replicates more based on 30×30cm Surber sampler. In addition, the habitat heterogeneity index of benthic macroinvertebrates suggested in this study, it will be able to be used for evaluating the heterogeneity of habitats.
하천 내 물리적 서식처의 생물학적 평가를 위한 저서동물 하천하상지수(BMSI)의 개발
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),김진영 ( Jin Young Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.1
This study was conducted to develop a Benthic macroinvertebrates streambed index (BMSI) based on the response of the community to the substrate type of streambed. Analyzing the seasonal (Spring and Fall) data (11,367 sampling units) surveyed and collected during 2008~2014 at 960 sites in South Korea, we estimated the lithophility of 191 taxa. BMSI was composed of the lithophilic value, indicator weight value and individual abundance frequency. It showed an extremely significant correlation (r = -0.8, p<0.001) with the mean grain size (in phi-value) of the streambed.
하천환경의 생물학적 평가를 위한 저서동물지수(BMI)의 개발
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),손세환 ( Se-Hwan Son ),황순진 ( Soon-Jin Hwang ),원두희 ( Doo Hee Won ),김명철 ( Myoung Chul Kim ),박정호 ( Jung Ho Park ),전태수 ( Te Su Jeon ),이종은 ( Jong Eun Lee ),김종현 ( Jong Hyun Kim ),김종선 ( Jon 한국물환경학회 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.2
The tolerance of Korean benthic macroinvertebrates to organic pollution has been analyzed since the early 1990s. However, considering the fact that there have been related studies carried out in some European countries since the early 20th century, the history of the research in Korea is very short and there is still much knowledge to supplement. We revised the saprobic valency, the saprobic value and the indicator weight value of 190 benthic macroinvertebrates taxa through the data of water quality and individual abundance collected from 7,086 sampling units in Korea from 2008 to 2014. The individual abundance of Uracanthella (Ephemeroptera) as a representative, one of the most common and abundant taxa in Korea, showed a typical lognormal distribution to 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>) concentration, and a normal distribution to the class interval of BOD<sub>5</sub> concentration according to saprobic series. The value combining the mean individual abundance and the relative frequency of occurrence was a more efficient indicator value than that of each property alone. Benthic Macroinertebrates Index (BMI) was newly proposed as a modification of the saprobic index of Zelinka and Marvan (1961). BMI showed extremely significant correlation (determination coefficient r<sup>2</sup> > 0.6, n = 569 sites) with the concentration of BOD<sub>5</sub>, and the coefficient was a little higher than those of the previous indices. Until now, there has been very little research on the assessment of biological integrity of benthic macroinvertebrates community in Korea. While continuing researches into improve the reliability of BMI, it is necessary to develop multimetric indices for evaluating the integrity, including the composition of species and functional guilds, and the richness and diversity of the community.
하천환경의 생물학적 평가를 위한 간이저서동물지수(SBMI)의 개발
공동수 ( Dongsoo Kong ),민정기 ( Jeong-ki Min ),노성유 ( Seong-yoo Noh ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.5
GPI (Group Pollution Index) using 29 indicator groups of Korean benthic macroinvertebrates was proposed in 1992, a higher category taxa-level index developed for rapid field assessment of organic water pollution. This study was performed to revise the assessment scheme of GPI based on taxonomic performance and ecological information accumulated since 1992. The original GPI was renamed SBMI (Simple Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index), and SBMI was based on saprobic valency of 26 indicator groups composed of higher category taxa (mainly family ~ phylum) excluding some genus or species-level taxa. SBMI revealed highly significant correlation with concentration of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>) (correlation coefficient r = 0.78, n = 569 sites), total suspended solids (r = 0.69), and total phosphorus (r = 0.77). Also, SBMI revealed strong correlation with Shannon-Weaver's species diversity (r = -0.85), Margalef's species richness (r = -0.85), and McNaughton's dominance (r = 0.83). Determination coefficient of SBMI to concentration of water quality items and values of community indices such as species diversity was 3 ~ 8 % and approximately 11 ~ 14 % higher than that of GPI, respectively. Correlation between SBMI and water quality factors or community indices such as species diversity did not reveal much difference compared to that of species-level indices, such as BMI (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index) and ESB (Ecological Score of Benthic Macroinvertebrates). SMBI is a simple-qualitative index with higher category taxa easily identified, and is applicable for rapid field assessment of water environment impairment.