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FDS를 이용한 실내화재 모사의 문제점 : Ⅰ. 중심형 화재 Ⅰ. Center Fire
고경찬,박외철 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.1
The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was applied to a center fire in a room, of which dimensions were 1.8m x 1.8m x 1.38m with an opening of 0.45m x 1.2m doorway, to evaluate the numerical method The time-variation of temperature at a top point of the doorway centerline and distributions of average temperature along the doorway centerline and comer stack were compared with measurements for three different fire sizes, 7.65, 21.25 and 51.71M. The results showed FDS predicted a very rapid fire growth compared with the experiment for all the three fire sizes, that is an importand shortcoming of FDS in compartment fire simulations. The average temperature distributions, and heights of hot gas layers and neutral planes in steady state were in reasonable agreement with the measurements.
FDS를 이용한 실내화재 모사의 문제점 : Ⅱ. 벽면형 및 모서리형 화재 Ⅱ. wall fire and corner fire
고경찬,박외철 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.3
To confirm the previous finding that FDS predicts a fire growth rate too rapid compared with an experiment in a center fire in a room with an opening, the same computational fluid dynamics was applied to two types of fires, wall fire and comer fire. First the grid size was chosen to eliminate possible numerical errors due to a coarse grid system. Then the two types of fires were simulated for three different fire sizes, 7.65, 21.25, and 51.57kW for each type, which are the same as in the experiment to be compared with. The fires were predicted to grow too fast although the average temperatures and heights of the neutral planes were in good agreement with measurement.
고층의 주상복합건축물 계단폭과 수용인원 산정기준에 따른 피난효율의 비교
이양주,고경찬,박외철 한국화재소방학회 2011 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.25 No.1
An evacuation simulation was carried out to confirm evacuation efficiency for stair width and problems in calculation of occupant load for high-rise buildings. The evacuation time and number of evacuated persons from a 39 story condominium-mercantile building were calculated by using Simulex for stair widths of 1.2 m, 1.5 m, and 1.8 m. The total occupant load based on the Korean code was higher than the number of actual residents by 2.3 times, and that based on the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code by 2.6 times, respectively. For the occupant load based on the Korean code, smaller stair width resulted in lower evacuation efficiencies due to bottlenecks in egress. For the actual residents and NFPA code-based occupant load, a high evacuation efficiency and negligible effects of the stair width on evacuation efficiency were confirmed. It was shown that there was a bottleneck even at the stair width of 1.8 m for the Korean code-based occupants, while the stair width of 1.2 m provided safe egress to the actual residents or NFPA code-based occupants. This recommended further studies on possibility of lowering the level of the Korean code in calculation of the occupant load. 고층건축물에서의 피난효율과 수용인원 산정기준의 문제점을 확인하기 위하여 피난 시뮬레이션 을 수행하였다. 지상 39층 주상복합 건축물의 계단폭이 각각 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m일 때, 피난시간과 피난자수를Simulex로 계산하였다. 소방법 기준으로 산정한 총수용인원은 실거주자의 2.3배, NFPA 101 인명구조코드기준의 2.6배였다. 소방법 기준의 경우, 계단폭이 작을수록 중간층에서의 병목현상으로 인해 피난효율이낮았지만, 실거주나 NFPA 기준에서는 피난효율이 높고 계단폭이 피난효율에 미치는 영향이 미미함을 확인하였다. 소방법 기준을 적용할 때 계단폭이 1.8m에서도 병목현상이 일어나지만, 실거주 또는 NFPA 기준을 적용할 때는 계단폭 1.2m에서도 안전한 것으로 나타 남에 따라 수용인원 산정관련 소방법 기준의완화가능성에 대한 추가연구가 필요하다.
박외철,고경찬 한국산업안전학회 2002 한국안전학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Nonpremixed counterflow flames at low strain rates, ag= 12 s^-1, were numerically simulated to investigate the effects of the duct thickness on the flame structure in normal gravity. For small values of the duct thickness, the positions of the flame and stagnation point were highly sensitive to the duct thickness. When the duct thickness was greater than 6 ㎜, however, the effects of the duct thickness on the flame structure were negligible. The computed temperature along the duct centerline agreed well with measurements.
이양주,고경찬,박외철 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.26 No.1
Performance-based design (PBD) for large scale high rise buildings has been enforced to secure fire and evacuation safety since July 1, 2011. As various types of trial and error were expected in the early stage, to suggest solutions to the problems that might be followed by the enforcement, the regulations on PBD were reviewed and a questionnaire survey to fire protection specialists was carried out. It was confirmed that PBD is required for large scale apartment buildings, and specific and detail criteria for PBD methodology and evaluations, education for PBD to personnel who design and evaluate are also in need. 대규모 고층건축물에 대한 화재 및 피난 안전성을 강화하기 위해 2011년 7월 1일부터 성능위주설계가시행되고 있다. 시행초기에 여러 가지 시행착오가 발생할 것으로 예상됨에 따라 본 연구에서는 성능위주설계의 시행에 따른 문제점을 조사하고 개선방안을 제시하기 위해 관련 규정을 검토하고 소방전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 성능위주설계 대상에 일정규모 이상의 아파트와 주상복합건축물이 포함되어야 하며, 성능위주설계의 방법과 평가에 대한 명확한 기준 설정, 설계자 및 평가자에 대한 성능위주설계관련 교육이 필요함을 확인하였다.
실내화재에 있어서의 대류열전달에 관한 수치연구 : 1. 수치법 검증과 자연대류 1. Evaluation of Numerical Method and Natural Convection
박외철,고경찬 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.2
In a compartment fire, convective heat transfer dominates spread of the fire and smoke movement before flash-over occurs, and natural convection is very important in particular when there are no openings. The finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm was applied to a square cavity similar to a compartment without an opening. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the method and to simulate natural convection from a hot body in the cavity. The results without the hot body showed an excellent agreement with those of previous studies. Streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers were computed for different Rayleigh numbers.
실내화재에 있어서의 대류열전달에 관한 수치연구(2) : 혼합대류 Mixed Convection
박외철,고경찬,이광진 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.3
In a compartment fire with openings, convective heat transfer consists of natural convection from the hot bodies and forced convection by airflow through the openings. The same finite volume method that was applied to pure natural convection in part I was utilized without modification to the square cavity with two openings. The objective of this study is to investigate effects of the openings on temperature distribution. Flow patterns, temperature distribution and heat transfer were compared for different Rayleigh numbers and with and without the openings.