고령자를 위한 일일 저항 훈련 프로그램 개발 및 효과

강형숙(Kang Hyeong Sug) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was to doing evaluation and development of daily resistance training program for the older. The subjects were 32 of the olders. The training program was consisted of a warm-up , resistance training and cool-down. Resistance training was consisted of dumbbell for weight bearing to 0.5~1.0kg. The evaluation factors of safety on this training program was consisted of rating scales of perceived exertion(RPE), Maximal heartrate and submax heartrate. For the data analysis, all the measurement values were represented by mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) using SPSS package(version 10.0). It was evaluated that warm-up excercise`s RPE(11.3±1.1), cooling down`s RPE(10.6±0.6) and resistance exercise`s RPE(low level; 11.6 High level 15.1) are leveled at the safely and optimally for health self management to daily resistance training program. In the resistance training group was showed significance body weight, muscle mass %body fat(p<.05). and were showed significant change with an isokinetic test of both leg flexor strength. And the result was showed significant change with a grip strength and arm curl in the resistance training group. As so results, it was determined to do safety that maximal heart rate, target heart rate and weight bearing is suitable for the older and were obtained from the conclusion that this exercise training program was sufficient to using for the older.

여자운동선수의 영양소섭취 실태 조사

강형숙 ( Kang Hyeong Sug ),김수정 ( Kim Su Jeong ) 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.7 No.2

This study was carried out to compare the nutrition status of highly r\trained female athletes in Korea. The group of subjects was divided into three subgroup according to the sports practiced: rhythmic gymnasts (n=10), volley-ball player (n=13), golf player (n=9) and control group (n=10). The following variable were measured dietary intake, anthropometric indices(height, weight, and body composition). Dietary intake based on using 3-day food records (2weekdays, 1 weekend). The mean age, weight, training and career were 16.60 yr, 57.5kg, 6.54hr/day, 6.26yr, Results of this study were as follows: 1) The female athletics reported energy intake and Korea Recommended Dietary Allowance (%RDA) were 23.45kcal/kg(tota1028.66±371.43kcal/day,48.25%),44.83kcal/kg(total 2995.03±342.44kcal/day,142.63%),38.14kcal/kg(total1032.01±363.29kcal/day, 108.787%), 34.71kcal/kg(total 655.52±188.20kcal/day,94.24%), respectively. 2) The ratio of contribution by protein, fat, carbohydrate to the total energy intake were 13.4:12.9:73.7. 15.8:14.4:69.7 21.4:16.0:62.6 16.7:16.4:66.9 3) The ratio of nutrient distribution by breakfast : lunch : dinner : snake 1 : snake 2 (%) were 19.0:21.5:43.2:2.9:12.2, 19.6:24.06:28.34:5.7:22.3, 24.0:27.6:32.4:5.8:11.0 that was the reported intake of snake was high level. 4) The reported mineral intakes, especially calcium and iron were less that 100% of the RDA in all female athletes group.

자유연제 : 저항성 트레이닝과 혈중지질의 변화

강형숙 ( Kang Hyeong Sug ),홍승연 ( Hong Seung Yeon ),김승혜 ( Kim Seung Hye ),김용대 ( Kim Yong Dae ),박진홍 ( Park Jin Hong ) 대한비만학회 2003 대한비만학회 학술대회 Vol.2003 No.-

Female Athlete Triad에 관한 문헌고찰

강형숙(Kang Hyeong Sug),하형주(Ha Hyeong Ju),박훈기(Park Hun Gi) 한국여성체육학회 2003 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The female athlete triad is syndrome occurring in physically active girls and women. This tern is defined as the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. Female athletes are under intense pressure to have a low percentage of body fat, not only to enhance performance but also the sake of appearance. A vulnerable athlete tring to maintain a low body weight may suocmb to disordered eating, which may lead to amenorrhea and subsequent bone loss or osteoporosis. This disorder can decrease physical performance and cause morbidity and mortality. The female athlete traid is a syndrome that can be prevented. Medical management of the athlete triad requires a multidisciplinary approach, with early diagnosis and treatment being key factors. Education and early detection are mandatory. Athletes should be encouraged by coaches and parents to maximise their athletic potential by trainng in moderation and by optimising their dietary intake.

경기 종목에 따른 잠재성 철결핍성 빈혈 양상

강형숙(Kang Hyeong Sug),김수정(Kim Su Jeong) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was performed to investigate non-anemic iron deficiency factors of Korea National Rhythmic Gymnasts(n=10), Korea National synchronize swimming players(n=6), elite volley-ball players(n=13). The mean age of the subjects were 16.7±1.83, 18.5±1.37, 16.6±1.12 years old. Their mean carrier were 7.34±2.55, 9.83±1.32, 5.77±1.83 years. Their mean height were 160.28±7.6, 167.83±3.54, 176.21±4.18cm and mean weight were 44.28±4.26, 53.83±2.78, 67.15±4.67kg. Body fat(BF) assessment by skinfold thickness shows that the average percentage BF of subjests are about 12.43±3.07, 22.77±3.10, 21.63±1.42% of body weight. Three-day food records were collected from each subjects and analyzed using a computerized nutrient database. The average daily energy intake were 1,028.66±371.43, 1720.72±592.95, 2995.03±342.44kcal and were 48.25, 142.63, 83.68% of Korean Recommended Daily Allowance(RDA). The rate of the 3 major nutrition(P:F:C) was 13.4:12.9:73.7, 15.4:19.7:64.9, 15.8:14.4:69.7%. It showed that low protein, fat and high carbohydrate intake rate. Also mean iron intakes of the subjects was low and was 32.97, 45.83, 90.15% of Korean RDA. The female players intake less nutrition compare with the daily suggestion. Most hematological iron indices were within low range that was in the iron deficient range. Mean hemoglobin(Hb) level was significantly lower(11.7g/dl) than average level. And iron parameters(Hematocrit, Hct;Total iron binding capacity, TIBC;and serum ferritin) was very low level. The results of the present study suggest that these female players may not be consuming adequate amount of energy yielding nutrients and those that influence bone heath during sports season. Future studies are needed to examine the effects of nutritional status on performance and to develop strategies to improve the nutritional status of these female players.

저항성트레이닝이 중년여성의 면역, 혈중 철 및 혈중 지단백에 미치는 영향

강형숙(Kang Hyeong Sug) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This study was designed to examine the effect of resistance training program to on the serum lipid, immunity and blood parameters in middle-aged women who had been engaged in continuous aerobic exercise(n=11, age=49.5). The resistance training program during 12 weeks were composed of sandbag, dumbbells and band were enforced three times per week. In serum lipid, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased(p<.05), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed noticeable increase (p<0.001). In blood iron-content level, total iron binding capacity showed statistically noticeable increase (p<0.001), and ferritin were decreased but with no statistical signification. The immunoglobulin levels were not significantly different. Consequently, 12 weeks resistance training program was turned out to cause positive change in serum iron and lipid of middle-aged woman who performs aerobic exercise regularly. This result can be used as a basic data of various studies on the change of body following the exercise pattern for the middle-aged who perform exercise.

남녀 체조선수들의 신체크기, 골격성숙, 혈중철분지표 비교

송종국(Song Jong Gug),강형숙(Kang Hyeong Sug),최현희(Choe Hyeon Hui) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The aims of the study were 1) to investigate the present status of body size, skeletal maturation and hematological parameters and 2) to assess relationship of these variables in male and female gymnasts. One hundred six gymnasts including 54 male and 52 female gymnasts were participated in the study. Mean age of the male and female gymnasts were 14.7±3.37 years and 14.3±3.06 years, respectively. Anthropometric characteristics included body weight, height, sitting height, 2 bone widths, 8 circumferences, and 5 skinfold thicknesses. Skeletal maturation was assessed by the Tanner-Whitehouse II method. Skeletal age was determined by RUS scores (radius, ulna, and short bones). Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), ferritin, mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) were analyzed by automated instrumentation(ADVIA 120, Bayer, USA). Serum iron and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) were determined by auto-analyzer(HITACHI 7150, Tokyo, Japan) and transferrin saturation(TS) was calculated by dividing serum iron concentration by TIBC. All statistical analysis were carried out by the SAS computer programs. The results indicated that significant difference could be observed for anthropometric measurements including body weight(43.2kg vs 38.7kg), upper arm(25.3cm vs 23.2cm), upper arm flexed(27.1cm vs 24.3cm), chest(83.9cm vs 76.0cm), and waist(63.3cm vs 60.0cm) circumferences, triceps(7.6mm vs 9.7mm), thigh(11.3mm vs 15.3mm), and calf(8.7mm vs 11.4mm) skinfolds, and femur diameter(8.4cm vs 7.7cm) between male and female gymnasts. Means of RUS score and bone age were 497.2, 12.8year for male and 654.3, 12.0year for female gymnasts. Analysis of covariance showed that there are significant difference for RBC(p<0.05, F=5.72), Hct(p<0.05, F=4.96), Ferritin(p<0.05, F=5.84), between male and female gymnasts. On the other hand, other hematological parameters including WBC, Hb, TF, serum iron, TIBC, MCV, and MCH were not significantly different between two groups of the subjects. Body weight and height are significantly related to RBC, Hct, MCV, MCH. Significant relationships were also found between bone age and RBC(r=0.23), MCV(r=0.33), and MCH(r=0.26). As a result of the study, it can be suggested that body size and skeletal maturation are related to hematological parameters in gymnasts.

철분과 운동이 혈청 지질과 지단백 콜레스테롤에 미치는 영향

김혜영 ( Kim Hye Yeong ),강형숙 ( Kang Hyeong Sug ) 한국환경생물학회 2003 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 여자 축구선수 25명을 대상으로 혈중 지질성분과 철분지표를 조사ㆍ분석하고, 훈련기 동안의 철분보충이 혈청 지질과 지단백 콜레스테롤에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 여자축구선수들의 평균연령은 23.3±2.5세였고, 평균 신장과 체중은 각각 164.4±5.7 ㎝과 57.4±4.6㎏이었고, 체지방율은 23.9±3.0%였다. 혈액 철분지표 분석결과 평균 적혈구 용적, 헤모글로빈, 총절결합력은 정상범위 내에 있었으나 낮은 수준이었으며, 특히 평균 페리틴(ferritin) 농도는 18.7±19.7㎍ l^(-1)로 낮았다. 혈청 지질과 지단백 분석 결과, 중성지질은 81.0±26.3㎎ dl^(-1)로 정상이나, 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL 콜레스테롤은 224.3±58.3㎎ dl^(-1)과 162.2±59.0㎎ dl^(-1)으로 높게 나타났다. 상관관계 분석 결과 운동선수들의 적혈구 세포가 많을수록 중성지질 농도가 낮고, 형균 적혈구 용적이 클수록 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도가 높아서 선수들의 철분 상태가 바람직할수록 혈액 지질 상태가 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 철분 보충 여부는 혈청 지질 상태에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 4주간 하계 훈련은 철분 투여에 관계없이 혈청 중성지방과 콜레스테롤을 낮추는 경향으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 여자 프로 축구 선수들의 혈청 중성지질은 정상 범위 내에 속했으나, 콜레스테롤, 특히 LDL-콜레스테롤 수준이 정상보다 높았으며, 단기간 철분 보충은 혈청 지질과 지단백 콜레스테롤에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. This study has been performed to investigate the changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles of the national female soccer players during summer training season. Twenty five Korean national soccer players participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3 ± 2.5 years old. Their mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 ±2.6 years. Mean height was 164.4k5.7 cm and mean weight was 57.4f4.6 kg. Mean body fat percent was 23.9 f 3.0% and body mass index was 22.4 ± 6.0. Mean serum triglyceride concentration was normal (81.0± 26.3 mg di ^(1) but total cholesterol (224.3 ± 58.3) mg d1^(-I)) and LDL-cholesterol(162.2+59.0 mg dl^(-1) l ) were higher than normal range. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and total iron binding capacity were low, but in a normal range. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with red blood cell counts (r= -0.448, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, HDL-cholesterol was positively correlated with hematocrit percent (r = 0.408, p < 0.05). Therefore, better iron status was related with better serum lipid profiles of the subjects. Four weeks of iron supplementation had no effect on serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol of the subjects.